TYPOLOGY OF LINGUISTIC ASSIGNMENT

Name NIM Cons

: Yenny Puspita Saragih : 117009028 : Linguistics

A. Introduction Simply, typology is the grouping of languages based on the morphology and syntax of the languages. Languages can be grouped based on the limitation of the structure of each language. Typology of linguistic study tries to establish the grouping of the languages in the world through the grammatical features of the languages. Every language has distinction when we compare to the other language. The distinction among the languages is the basic of the typology of linguistics. While the aim of typology is to determine the patterns of inter-language and the relationship among those patterns.

B. The Comparison of English, Arabic and Bahasa Indonesia in Verb Form. English There are some verb forms in English grammar. The terms are present form, past form, past participle and present participle (eat, ate, eaten, and eating). These verb forms are used in sentence based on its tense. Present verb form is used in Simple Present Tense, while the past form is used in Simple Past Tense. Past participle form is used in Present Perfect Tense, Past Perfect Tense and in passive voice. Present participle is used in Progressive (Continuous) Tenses. Example: I usually eat some bread for breakfast. I ate some bread for breakfast this morning I have eaten some bread for breakfast I am eating some bread now (Simple Present Tense) (Simple Past Tense) (Present Perfect Tense) (Present Continuous Tense)

Arabic While in Arabic the changing of the verb form is not only due to the tense but also the subject. This also happened in Simple Present Tense in English grammar but only to the third singular person subject by adding s/es at the end of verbs. However, in Arabic, the verb form is different not only for third singular person. The adding vocal and/or consonant are based on whether the subject the feminine or masculine and the number of the subject. Arabic differentiates the verb form for the action which is done by two subject. Example: Fiil Madhy Fiil Mudhari

?Dhamir

Tarjamah = saya mengerjakan = kami mengerjakan = engkau (lk) mengerjakan = engkau (pr) mengerjakan = kamu berdua mengerjakan = kalian (lk) mengerjakan = kalian (pr) mengerjakan = dia (lk) mengerjakan = dia (pr) mengerjakan = mereka berdua (lk) mengerjakan = mereka berdua (pr) mengerjakan = mereka (lk) mengerjakan

= mereka (pr) mengerjakan

The different verb form is not exist in Tata Bahasa Indonesia. The difference of tenses is only showed by adding sedang, telah, sudah (these words are separated from the verb in the writing, not united like in English and Arabic). Example: Saya makan Saya sedang makan Saya sudah makan

C. Conclusion There are changes of verb forms in English and Arabic, while in Bahasa Indonesia there is only one verb form. In English, the difference of verb forms is determined by the tense while in Arabic by the subject.