ABSTRACT

The fundamental and technological importance of metal nanostructures is due to their special physical and chemical properties. One dimensional metal nano structures shows a special behavior with respect to conductivity and because of this they are useful for designing nanosensors, nanooptoelectronics devices, nanoelectronic systems, and nanophotonic modules. Most of these devices are made from nanowires having diameters in the range of 20-100 nm and length of the order of few micrometers. The reduced size, high performance, and extremely small power consumption make them very attractive for the applications in biological devices, nanorobotics, security monitoring, and defense technology. In this work, we describe a method of fabricating and investigating the applications of Ni and Sn in optical devices. Electro-deposition method has been proved to be simple and low cost technique for producing large arrays of nanowires. So, this method is used for fabricating the Ni and Sn nanowires in nano-porous polycarbonate membrane. The resulting nanowires obtained were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Optical characterization of Ni and Sn nanowires has been done using a monochromatic light source. The aperture of light incident on the sample was controlled using an optical fiber. The investigation showed that the absorption spectra of light by nanowires depends upon the wavelength of the incident light.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The creation of this dissertation mid report requires the combined sincere efforts , hard work , talent and blessings of many near and dear , who directly and indirectly helped me in completing my report. I would like to express profound gratitude to my guide Prof. Ashok Kumar, Head of the Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering for his constant motivation, support, expert guidance, constant supervision and constructive suggestion for the submission of my Dissertation mid report on INVESTIGATIONS OF THE REFLECTIVE PROPERTIES OF Ni AND Sn NANOWIRES IN 500 nm TO 700 nm SPECTRUM RANGE. It would be very unfair if I do not mention the invaluable contribution and timely cooperation extended to me by Dr. Ashawant Gupta, Principal and especially to Dr. J. K. Sharma ,Director, ACE, Ambala. I wish to express my sincere thanks to the whole teaching and non teaching staff for their nice cooperation. This Dissertation mid report would have been impossible if not for the perpetual moral support from my family members and friends. I would like to thank them all. It is beyond my word power to acknowledge for the guidance to those who have cooperated and inspired me during the completion of this report. I would like to take this opportunity to express my sincere thanks to all those people who have, in various ways, helped me in successful completion of this report.

MANPREET KAUR MT 2310215

ii

LIST OF FIGURES ___________________________________________________________

Figure No. Name of Figure Page No.

1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5

Natural and manmade nanostructures Evolution of various disciplines toward nanoscale focus Various application fields of nanotechnology Nanostructured material Representation of Top-Down and Bottom-Up approach for nanomaterial synthesis

1 2 3 5

7 8

1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 1.16 1.17 1.18

SEM images of AAO anodized with diameter of 44nm

SEM image of polycarbonate membrane,diameter of 1m 8 XRD patterns of bismuth nano-composites Electrochemical deposition of nanowire layout Deposition of CH4, H2, and C by CVD on Diamond layer Schematic of logic OR and AND gate constructed Streptavidin molecules bind to a silicon nanowire Schematic diagram showing nanowire growth SEM of polycarbonate membrane pore Two Electrode Cell for Electrodeposition Electrodeposition system for nanowires fabrication Schematic of setup for collection of reflect light 10 10 11

Schematic diagram of si nanowires by the VLS mechanism 13 15 17 31 32 33 34 34

iii

ABBREVIATIONS USED ___________________________________________________________

Nm Ni Sn AAO SEM TEM X-RD PVD 1D Nanometer Nickel Silicon Anodic Aluminium Oxide Scanning Electron Microscopy Travelling Electron Microscopy X-ray Diffusion Physical Vapour Deposition One Dimensional

iv

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Abstract Acknowledgement List of Figures Abbreviations used i ii iii iv INTRODUCTION 1-17 1-3 3 4 5 6 7 7

CHAPTER 1
1.1 NANOTECHNOLOGY

1.1.1 Application of Nanotechnology 1.1.2 Nanostructured Materials 1.1.3 Synthesis of nanostructrued material 1.1.4 Nanowires 1.1.5 Synthesis of Nanowire 1.1.5.1 Template Assisted Synthesis

1.1.5.2 Nanowire Template Assisted Growth by Pressure Injection 8 1.1.5.3 Electrochemical Deposition 1.1.5.4 Vapor Deposition 1.1.5.5 VLS Method for Nanowire Synthesis 1.1.6 APPLICATIONS OF NANOWIRES 1.1.6.1 Electrical Applications 1.1.6.2 Optical Applications 1.1.6.3 Chemical and Biochemical Sensing Devices 1.1.6.4 Magnetic Applications 10 11 12 14 14 15 16 17

CHAPTER 2 CHAPTER 3 CHAPTER 4

LITERATURE SURVEY COMPARISON ANALYSIS SYSTEM DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION

18-22 23-28 28-35 29 30 30-34 35

4.1 PROPOSED WORK 4.1.1 Phase 1 4.1.2 Phase 2 4.1.3 Phase 3

REFERENCES

36-37