Bio-fuel alternative to petrol in petrol engines

Balu Shriram Pakhare

Mechanical Department, Auroras Engineering College D-6/38, DAE Colony, ECIL(post) Hyderabad-500062 India
balushrirampakhare@gmail.com Abstract This paper tells us, how the petrol consumption can be reduced by the usage of a mixed fuel ex:- E5, E15. It also tells us to what extent we can mix alcohol with petrol and used as a fuel in normal vehicles with no modifications in the engine components. It also tells from which type of biomass or waste products the alcohol is extracted and what will be its impact on economy. If these type of fuels are used, is there any tail-pipe pollution? The paper will also explain about the political arguments in the favour of the fuel. The main concentration of the paper is on the usage of the bio-fuel in the existing vehicles. We will also discuss about the problems which are faced by the engine when the alcohol content when compared to petrol in biofuel is more than a specified value. This paper will reveal the solutions to some of the problems but the main concentration will be on the bio-fuel which will used in the existing engines with less modifications. Keywords methanol, ethanol, bio-fuel, biomass, FFV-Fuel Flexible Vehicle, coppicing.

generation sources but with the big advantages of offering the potential to dramatically increase the amounts of bio-fuels produced with far less impact on the environment and ecology. III. HOW ARE BIOFUELS PRODUCED? It is fairly common knowledge that the alcohols can be made from organic materials such as grains, fruit and wood. In practical and commercial terms the sources may be quite varied and sometimes surprising. For example, waste from fields (used in food production) can be a useful source. The waste, traditionally, may have been burned but using the residue to create fuel gives a twopronged environmental benefit. Firstly, the burning of the waste that would have fed dirt and toxic compounds into the atmosphere is obviated, and secondly, the use of the new byproduct as a renewable fuel means that less fossil fuel is consumed in vehicles. There is also a potential for the extraction of alcohols from domestic rubbish or trash. We suspect that the yield might be small and wonder what emissions would be produced by whatever process is used. To some extent the advantages are are described above but additionally the amount of waste going in to landfills is reduced. Sugarcane is a good example of a raw material which can be cultivated for the purpose of producing alcohol and therefore is different in principal from using already existing material. Other food crops such as corn and potato can be used to produce alcohol but none seem to have the potential of sugarcane. Sugarcane has a very efficient cropping habit and the fibrous waste can be used to power the plant and evaporate the cane juice. IV. EFFECT OF MIXTURE OF ALCOHOL AND PETROL ON ENGINES When the petrol engines of vehicles with no modifications were tested, it was found that the for higher content of alcohol t, a number of problems arise in the system. There is a limit of the mixture in using it in the engine as Up to E11- risk free From E11-E15 risky From E16-E20 - very risky Above this risky and serious

I. INTRODUCTION The usage of fossil fuels in the automobiles and in the domestic purpose has increased in the country. The fuel consumption is so high that there are possibilities of the fossil fuels getting extinct. There is a need for change in the fuel. The best thing is to use a fuel which could reduce the use of fuel like petrol. We can use ethanol or methanol in fuel internal combustion vehicles, either as sole fuels or more usually when mixed with petrol. Alcohol can be mixed with petrol and used as engine fuel. Note that this ethanol is of a dangerously high proof and contains additives which make it poisonous (it is referred as denatured alcohol). Methanol is well known to be a dangerous poison in its own right . II. SOURCES OF BIOFUELS There are two generic sources of bio-fuels (for both biodiesel and methanol) referred to as biomass feedstock. They are first generation which comprises grain and other vegetable crops grown for their sugar, starch and oil content. Then there are the next generation sources which comprise cellulose rich sources including wood, tall grasses, crop residues and municipal waste organics. The latter are dependent on developing technology to improve yields. Two technologies are favoured gasification and hydrolysis using enzymes. These methods should enable next-generation to become competitively priced with first-

Here in E11, E represents ethanol and 11 represents the % of ethanol mixed with petrol. The notation designates the bio fuel. The types of risks which will be exerted on the engine are The mixture will have high octane rating which is not a good sign. The fuel is more corrosive and abrasive, cleans the old deposits away. Fuel filters may need to be changed after a short time initially. May create minor flow problems Its usage makes the starting more difficult. The national distribution network will also require modifications to some of its components, mainly because of the corrosive properties of alcohol and its ability to mix with water.

The fuel comes under the EURO standards which makes our environment healthy and wealthy.

VIII. WILL USE OF SUCH FUELS INCREASE TAIL-PIPE POLLUTION ? The answer to this question is very difficult. it depends on the ratio of alcohol and petrol, which makes a difference to the pollution potential. In general when alcohol is added there appear to be less carbon dioxide and other toxins but there are greater emissions of VOCs. Localised pollution is not only about carbon emissions. On balance we do believe that the optimum mixture will be slightly greener at the point of exhaust. IX. CONCLUSION The usage of such a fuel gives a number of advantages compared to the limitations which are very few. According to my view the fuel will be more economical and environmental friendly. X.
REFERENCES

V.

WHAT TO DO TO AVOID RISKS?

To avoid these risks there is a need in modification in the fuel supply system. Supply of supercharged air-fuel ratio. it will minimize the risk due to water vapours contained in alcohols. The material of the parts to be changed (for alcohol content more than E11 to E20).

www.wickepedia.com www.ernova.com Faculty: Mr. Santosh Kulkarni Mechanical department, Auroras Engineering College.

VI. TO WHAT EXTENT ALCOHOL CAN BE MIXED WITH PETROL SO THAT CAN BE USED IN ENGINES WITHOUT THEIR MODIFICATIONS . The alcohol up to 11% can be mixed with petrol. The fuel will be both economically and politically supported. This will reduce most of the problems of the society and the country. The fuel when used has to meet very small changes to the fuel supply system. Most contemporary fuel cars are run on E10 fuel. There are vehicles which run on fuels like E85 but they are hazardous to the engines which are developed in India. So we in India can use only up to E11. Most of the companies have adopted using the fuels in various countries like Sweden, America and Brazil. India has just started the usage of 5% biodiesel even though the petrol and alcohol mixture is not yet used. VII.
ADVANTAGES OF USING A FUEL AS MIXTURE OF PETROL AND ALCOHOL

The use of petrol is reduced. Consumers may find it easier to buy the fuel. Cheap fuel. The tail-pipe pollution is reduced. Fuel can be produced in the country itself and the import from other countries will be reduced. This fuel can be used in any petrol engine vehicle.