Research Aid: Cryptonyms and Terms in Declassified CIA Files Nazi War Crimes and Japanese Imperial Government

Records Disclosure Acts

Term A-287 ABN Definition Cryptonym for Josef Stigler. Anti-Bolshevik Bloc of Nations (ABN). Stanislaw Stankiewicz was a member of the ABN Central Committee. AECAMBISTA-4, CAMBISTA-4 (cryptonyms). Associated with AEQUOR and AEDEPOT/AEREADY Projects. See also AMCOMLIB, BNR, CHAURUS, SONR. Assembly of Captive European Nations (ACEN). Gehlen Organization alias for Ebrulf Zuber. Cryptonym for Yury Lopatinsky. UPTHRUST (cryptonym). AEABYSS Project involved information collected on Salzgitter Industriebau GmbH. Walter Mehnert associated with Project. Cryptonym for Walter Mehnert. AEACRE (1952-64) established a mechanism for the planning and conduct of REDSOX operations via a Domestic Operations Base (DOB) used for the interrogation, assessment, training, briefing, and preparation for dispatch of agents for infiltration into the USSR. Aleks Kurgvel, Tscherim Soobzokov associated with Project. AEASTER was a program in near east areas to spot, recruit, and train Circassians and other Russian emigres and send them back into the USSR. Tscherim Soobzokov associated with Project. AEBALCONY (1960-62) was designed to use U.S. citizens with Baltic language fluency in "mounted" and "piggy-back" legal traveler operations into Sovietoccupied Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. Jouzas Brazaitis, Vilis Hazners, Edgars Laipenieks associated with Project. AEFREEMAN (1953-64), which included AEBASIN/AEROOT (1953-60), AEFLAG (1955-62), and AEPOLE (formerly AECHAMP (1949-59)), was designed to strengthen resistance to communism and harrass the Soviet regime in the Baltic countries. AEBASIN/AEROOT supported Estonian emigres and migr activities aganist the Estonian SSR. AEFLAG was aimed at people of the Latvian SSR. AEPOLE (formerly AECHAMP (formerly BGLAPIN)) targeted the Lithuanian SSR. These projects provided intelligence and operational data from Baltic countries through radio broadcasts, mailing operations, liaison with emigre organizations, political and psychological (PP) briefings for legal travelers and exploitation of other media such as demonstrations. Aleks Kurgvel, Elmar Lipping, Romulus Mandel associated with AEBASIN/AEROOT Project. Vilis Hazners associated with AEFLAG Project. Antanas Bernotas, Jouzas Brazaitis, Stasys Rastikis associated with AEPOLE Project. Alexandras Lileikis associated with AECHAMP Project. ILgvars Skaistlauks considered for possible use on AECHAMP Project. Cryptonym for Elmar Lipping. AEDOGMA / AEBATH (1947-61), which supported the activities of the Principal Agent (PA), Michael Korzhan, was designed to produce CI/CE information on two Ukrainian nationalist groups in Germany; positive intelligence on other Ukrainian groups in Germany and Western Europe; information on Soviet penetration of Orthodox churches; and miscellaneous CE and other support activities beginning in 1947. In 1959, the PA was transferred to Paris to report on the efforts of the Soviet Services in emigre circles; and to act as a spotter in Soviet emigre circles for REDSKIN opportunities. The PA was not very productive in Paris and the project was terminated in 1961. Cryptonym for Michael Korzhan.

Abramtchik, Mikola ACEN ACKERMAN ACROBAT Adenauer, Konrad AEABYSS AEABYSS-1

AEACRE

AEASTER

AEBALCONY

AEBASIN AEBASIN-4

AEBATH AEBATH-1

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Term Definition QRDYNAMIC/QRPLUMB (formerly AEBEEHIVE) (1970-91) superceded Project AERODYNAMIC and supported the Ukrainian migr organization ZP / UHVR (Ukrainian Supreme Liberation Council) with a New York publishing arm called Prolog Research Corporation (QRTENURE, AETENURE) and a Munich Office, Ukrainian Society for Foreign Studies (QRTERRACE, AETERRACE), publisher of the monthly journal Suchasnist. CIA terminated QRPLUMB after the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1991 and provided funds to enable Prolog to transition to a privately-funded company. In 1992, Prolog's monthly Ukrainian journal Suchasnist (Contemporary Times) was successfully transitioned to a publishing company in Kiev, Ukraine and thereafter was published as a collaborative effort between Prolog and a Ukrainian group in Kiev. Ivan Hrinioch, Mykola Lebed, Yury Lopatinsky, Lyubomir Ortinskiy associated with Project. AEBLOSSOM provided training for selected projects dealing with Latvia. Rudolf Kocins, Juris Spade considered for possible use on Project. Cryptonym for Michael Rudko. Cryptonym for Wilhelm Gruenwaldt. Cryptonym for Freds Launags. Cryptonym for Arturs Brombergs. Cryptonym for the Byelorussian National Council (BNR). Mikola Abramtchik in Paris was the head of the BNR. Cryptonym for Vitaut Tumash. Cryptonym for Stanislaw Stankiewicz. Cryptonym for Major Boris Ragula. Cryptonym for Mikola Abramtchik. Cryptonym for Edvins Ozolins. Cryptonym for Vilis Janums. Cryptonym for Michael Korzhan. Cryptonym for Volodymyr Bohdan Slymakovsky. AECARRERA (1953-58) exploited REDCAP opportunities (collection of information on Soviets stationed abroad) arising out of the propaganda distributed by AEVIRGIL and collected positive intelligence through debriefings of East German nationals visiting the AECARRERA office in Berlin in response to AEVIRGIL materials ballooned into East Germany. Wilhelm Gruenwaldt associated with Project.

AEBEEHIVE AEBLOSSOM AEBOLSTER-1 AECADILT-10 AECAMBARO-1 AECAMBARO-2 AECAMBISTA-1 AECAMBISTA-16 AECAMBISTA-17 AECAMBISTA-2 AECAMBISTA-4 AECAMUSO-2 AECANOE-3 AECAPELIN-1 AECAPELIN-2

AECARRERA

AECARTHAGE AECASSOWARY-1

AERODYNAMIC (formerly CARTEL, ANDROGEN, AECARTHAGE) (1949-70) refers to CIA support for ZP/UHVR (Ukrainian Supreme Liberation Council), which began in 1949. CIA helped to establish in New York City the Prolog Research and Publishing Company in 1953 as ZP/UHVR's publishing and research arm. Prolog, through an affiliate in Munich, published periodicals and selected books and pamphlets which sought to exploit and increase nationalist and other dissident tendencies in the Soviet Ukraine. ZP/UHVR operational activity concentrated on propaganda and contact operations. In 1970, AERODYNAMIC was redesignated QRPLUMB. The file includes AERODYNAMIC Development and Plans (Vol. 1-8), Operations (Vol. 9-41), and Contact Reports (Vol. 42-47). Yaroslav Fedyk, Ivan Hrinioch, Mykola Lebed, Yury Lopatinsky, Lyubomir Ortinskiy associated with Project. Roman Tymewycz a clerical employee in Branch Office of Project AERODYNAMIC. Cryptonym for Ukrainian migr organization, ZP/UHVR, Foreign Representation of the Ukrainian Supreme Liberation Council.

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Term AECASSOWARY-2 AECASSOWARY-27 AECASSOWARY-3 AECASSOWARY-6 AECAVATINA AECAVATINA-1 AECAVATINA-12 AECAVATINA-2 AECAVATINA-5 AECAVATINA-6 Definition Cryptonym for Mykola Lebed. Cryptonym for Lyubomir Ortinskiy. Cryptonym for Ivan Hrinioch. Cryptonym for Yaroslav Fedyk. Cryptonym for either Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN) or Foreign Section of Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (Zch/OUN). Cryptonym for Stefan Bandera. Cryptonym for Ivan Kashuba. Cryptonym for Yaroslav Stetsko. Cryptonym for Bodhan Pidhainy. Cryptonym for the Bandera faction of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN-B). AEFREEMAN (1953-64), which included AEBASIN/AEROOT (1953-60), AEFLAG (1955-62), and AEPOLE (formerly AECHAMP (1949-59)), was designed to strengthen resistance to communism and harrass the Soviet regime in the Baltic countries. AEBASIN/AEROOT supported Estonian emigres and migr activities aganist the Estonian SSR. AEFLAG was aimed at people of the Latvian SSR. AEPOLE (formerly AECHAMP (formerly BGLAPIN)) targeted the Lithuanian SSR. These projects provided intelligence and operational data from Baltic countries through radio broadcasts, mailing operations, liaison with emigre organizations, political and psychological (PP) briefings for legal travelers and exploitation of other media such as demonstrations. Aleks Kurgvel, Elmar Lipping, Romulus Mandel associated with AEBASIN/AEROOT Project. Vilis Hazners associated with AEFLAG Project. Antanas Bernotas, Jouzas Brazaitis, Stasys Rastikis associated with AEPOLE Project. Alexandras Lileikis associated with AECHAMP Project. ILgvars Skaistlauks considered for possible use on AECHAMP Project. See AEGEAN/CAPSTAN. Cryptonym for Alexandras Lileikis. Atomic energy sampling program. AECOB, approved in 1950, was a vehicle for foreign intelligence (FI) operations into and within Soviet Latvia and involved infiltration and exfiltration of black agents and the recruitment of legally resident agents in the USSR, especially Latvia. ZRLYNCH was approved in 1950 for use of the Latvian Resistance Movement, which had been formed in 1944, as a vehicle for clandestine activities within the USSR. ZRLYNCH was renewed in 1952 as a part of AECOB, which then provided both FI and political and psychological (PP) activities. AECOB / ZRLYNCH PP project was terminated in 1955. AECOB FI project was terminated in 1959. Roberts Ancans, Andrejs Apsits, Nikolajs Balodis, Arturs Brombergs, Freds Launags, Edvins Ozolins, Janis Ozolins, Janis Presnikovs, Alfreds Riekstins, Peteris Rungis, ILmars Rupners, Arturs Stankevics, Vidvuds Sveics, Voldis Viksna associated with Project. Janis Ozols considered for possible use on Project. Cryptonym for Voldis Viksna. Cryptonym for Andrejs Apsits. Cryptonym for Arturs Stankevics. Cryptonym for ILmars Rupners. Cryptonym for Peteris Rungis. Cryptonym for Janis Presnikovs. Cryptonym for Vidvuds Sveics. Cryptonym for Janis Ozolins.

AECHAMP AECHAMP-7 AECHEROOT

AECOB AECOB-1 AECOB-10 AECOB-3 AECOB-4 AECOB-5 AECOB-6 AECOB-7 AECOB-8

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Term AECONFIDE-1 AECORSAIR-3 AECUPBOARD

Definition Cryptonym for Walther Block. Cryptonym for Ignatz Apyrubis. Program to establish and maintain a communications channel via open mailing of packages to the USSR. AEDEPOT (formerly AEREADY) (1957-65) was designed to provide a trained "Hot War" cadre of agents who could be used during a period of heightened tensions/increased alert or during actual hostilities against the Soviet Union. Mikola Abramtchik, Constantine Mierlak, Tscherim Soobzokov associated with Project. AEDOGMA / AEBATH (1947-61), which supported the activities of the Principal Agent (PA), Michael Korzhan, was designed to produce CI/CE information on two Ukrainian nationalist groups in Germany; positive intelligence on other Ukrainian groups in Germany and Western Europe; information on Soviet penetration of Orthodox churches; and miscellaneous CE and other support activities beginning in 1947. In 1959, the PA was transferred to Paris to report on the efforts of the Soviet Services in emigre circles; and to act as a spotter in Soviet emigre circles for REDSKIN opportunities. The PA was not very productive in Paris and the project was terminated in 1961. Cryptonym for Michael Korzhan. AEFREEMAN (1953-64), which included AEBASIN/AEROOT (1953-60), AEFLAG (1955-62), and AEPOLE (formerly AECHAMP (1949-59)), was designed to strengthen resistance to communism and harrass the Soviet regime in the Baltic countries. AEBASIN/AEROOT supported Estonian emigres and migr activities aganist the Estonian SSR. AEFLAG was aimed at people of the Latvian SSR. AEPOLE (formerly AECHAMP (formerly BGLAPIN)) targeted the Lithuanian SSR. These projects provided intelligence and operational data from Baltic countries through radio broadcasts, mailing operations, liaison with emigre organizations, political and psychological (PP) briefings for legal travelers and exploitation of other media such as demonstrations. Aleks Kurgvel, Elmar Lipping, Romulus Mandel associated with AEBASIN/AEROOT Project. Vilis Hazners associated with AEFLAG Project. Antanas Bernotas, Jouzas Brazaitis, Stasys Rastikis associated with AEPOLE Project. Alexandras Lileikis associated with AECHAMP Project. ILgvars Skaistlauks considered for possible use on AECHAMP Project. PBSTEAM (formerly EUCHRE, later AEFORD) (1948-50) provided the services, experience, and backgound of a Russian specialist, Gustav Hilger, not only for CIA but also for other U.S. Government agencies.

AEDEPOT

AEDOGMA AEDOGMA-1

AEFLAG

AEFORD

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Term

Definition AEFREEMAN (1953-64), which included AEBASIN/AEROOT (1953-60), AEFLAG (1955-62), and AEPOLE (formerly AECHAMP (1949-59)), was designed to strengthen resistance to communism and harrass the Soviet regime in the Baltic countries. AEBASIN/AEROOT supported Estonian emigres and migr activities aganist the Estonian SSR. AEFLAG was aimed at people of the Latvian SSR. AEPOLE (formerly AECHAMP (formerly BGLAPIN)) targeted the Lithuanian SSR. These projects provided intelligence and operational data from Baltic countries through radio broadcasts, mailing operations, liaison with emigre organizations, political and psychological (PP) briefings for legal travelers and exploitation of other media such as demonstrations. Aleks Kurgvel, Elmar Lipping, Romulus Mandel associated with AEBASIN/AEROOT Project. Vilis Hazners associated with AEFLAG Project. Antanas Bernotas, Jouzas Brazaitis, Stasys Rastikis associated with AEPOLE Project. Alexandras Lileikis associated with AECHAMP Project. ILgvars Skaistlauks considered for possible use on AECHAMP Project. AEGEAN (formerly CAPSTAN) provided FI (foreign intelligence) from the Baltic States and USSR using support bases developed in the Lithuanian SSR as transit points. AEGEAN/CAPSTAN work continued under Project AECHAMP. AESAURUS / AENOBLE (initially AEROSOL, renamed AEGIDEON / AENOBLE in 1958) operation (1950-61) maintained communications with agents of the National Alliance of Russian Solidarists (Narodno Trudovoi Soyuz or NTS (CABOCHE-1, PDGIDEON, SHUBA-100)). NTS was founded in 1930s by Russian emigres with extreme rightest and anti-Semitic views and collaborated closely with the Nazis in Russia, providing local administrators, propagandists, and informants. NTS rebuilt itself in 1945 as an anti-Soviet migr organization inside the USSR and with its own newspaper "Possev." This project sought the development and exploitation of NTS agents as longterm hot war assets and as sources of operational positive and psychological intelligence. The Project included Operation CARCASS, training/dispatch into USSR of agents to organize resistance groups and collect FI; Operation SPAIN to establish NTS groups in US zone/Germany and Austria against Soviet occupation forces through propaganda, defection, resistance, and collecting FI; Operation RADIO to establish a mobile covert radio operated by NTS for propaganda into East Zone. See also QKDROOP. Soviet Merchant Marine personnel. Soviet Military Intelligence Directorate. Cryptonym for Freds Launags. Cryptonym for Heinrich Bandholz. AEJAMMER provided translations and exploitation of Soviet mail intercept programs. Aleks Kurgvel associated with Project. Cryptonym for Aleks Kurgvel. Cryptonym for Erik Heine vs Yuri Raus lawsuit in Baltimore. Soviet Committee for State Security, KGB. Cryptonym for Vilis Hazners. Anatoliy Golitsyn, Soviet defector and former KGB officer. Cryptonym for Ignatz Apyrubis. Cryptonym for Aleks Kurgvel.

AEFREEMAN

AEGEAN

AEGIDEON AEGLOBE AEGRIP AEHAWKEYE-1 AEISSUE-1 AEJAMMER AEJAMMER-8 AEJETSET AEKICK AEKILO-2 AELADLE AELICTOR-1 AELUNG

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Term

Definition AEMANNER (1955-58) was an operation to collect intelligence on the Lithuanian SSR by spotting, recruiting, and training Lithuanians who planned to return to Lithuania; spotting, recruiting, and training Lithuanian merchant seamen who would be on vessels calling at Lithuanian SSR ports; exploiting existing postal channels between Lithuanian SSR and the West; and interrogating persons coming out of the Lithuanian SSR. Ignatz Apyrubis and Alexandras Lileikis associated with Project. Cryptonym for Ignatz Apyrubis. Cryptonym for Alexandras Lileikis. AEMARSH (1953-59) involved collecting foreign intelligence on the Soviet regime in Latvia through sources residing in the Latvian SSR, legal travelers, and all possible legal means. The Institute for Latvian Culture (AEMINX) was established as a cover facility engaged in the preservation and development of Latvian national culture, collection of information on Latvian national life, and the safeguarding and preserving of physical, spiritual, and moral conditions of Latvians who were separated from their homeland. Alfreds Berzins, Aleksandrs Burmeisters, Janis Cirulis, Vilis Hazners, Peteris Janelsins, Freds Launags, Herberts Zagars associated with Project. Cryptonym for Herberts Zagars. Cryptonym for Alfreds Berzins. Cryptonym for Peteris Janelsins. Cryptonym for the Institute for Latvian Culture that was established as a cover facility under Project AEMARSH. BND/CIA joint operations against Karlshorst, the Soviet compound in East Berlin. AESAURUS / AENOBLE (initially AEROSOL, renamed AEGIDEON / AENOBLE in 1958) operation (1950-61) maintained communications with agents of the National Alliance of Russian Solidarists (Narodno Trudovoi Soyuz or NTS (CABOCHE-1, PDGIDEON, SHUBA-100)). NTS was founded in 1930s by Russian emigres with extreme rightest and anti-Semitic views and collaborated closely with the Nazis in Russia, providing local administrators, propagandists, and informants. NTS rebuilt itself in 1945 as an anti-Soviet migr organization inside the USSR and with its own newspaper "Possev." This project sought the development and exploitation of NTS agents as longterm hot war assets and as sources of operational positive and psychological intelligence. The Project included Operation CARCASS, training/dispatch into USSR of agents to organize resistance groups and collect FI; Operation SPAIN to establish NTS groups in US zone/Germany and Austria against Soviet occupation forces through propaganda, defection, resistance, and collecting FI; Operation RADIO to establish a mobile covert radio operated by NTS for propaganda into East Zone. See also QKDROOP. Information collected on the Soviet Trade Mission in Bonn, Germany. AEPIONEER provided personnel to do translations. Aleks Kurgvel associated with Project. Cryptonym for Aleks Kurgvel. Shipyards at Kiel, Germany.

AEMANNER AEMANNER-23 AEMANNER-7

AEMARSH AEMARSH-1 AEMARSH-14 AEMARSH-15 AEMINX AENIDUS

AENOBLE AEPAYOFF AEPIONEER AEPIONEER-6 AEPLIMSOLL

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Term

Definition AEFREEMAN (1953-64), which included AEBASIN/AEROOT (1953-60), AEFLAG (1955-62), and AEPOLE (formerly AECHAMP (1949-59)), was designed to strengthen resistance to communism and harrass the Soviet regime in the Baltic countries. AEBASIN/AEROOT supported Estonian emigres and migr activities aganist the Estonian SSR. AEFLAG was aimed at people of the Latvian SSR. AEPOLE (formerly AECHAMP (formerly BGLAPIN)) targeted the Lithuanian SSR. These projects provided intelligence and operational data from Baltic countries through radio broadcasts, mailing operations, liaison with emigre organizations, political and psychological (PP) briefings for legal travelers and exploitation of other media such as demonstrations. Aleks Kurgvel, Elmar Lipping, Romulus Mandel associated with AEBASIN/AEROOT Project. Vilis Hazners associated with AEFLAG Project. Antanas Bernotas, Jouzas Brazaitis, Stasys Rastikis associated with AEPOLE Project. Alexandras Lileikis associated with AECHAMP Project. ILgvars Skaistlauks considered for possible use on AECHAMP Project. Lithuanian migr organization in West Germany. Cryptonym for Stasys Rastikis. Cryptonym for Jouzas Brazaitis. AEPRIMER's (1957-59) objective was to establish long-term, durable assets illegally infiltrated into the Byelorussian SSR. Candidates for these assets were to be recommended by the Byelorussian National Council (BNR). However, AEQUOR/FI had similar objectives and was terminated in 1956 when information about AEQUOR Team 2 in Byelorussia surfaced in Pravda. In addition, AEQUOR's relationship with the BNR was terminated for security reasons. AEPRIMER's association with the BNR was limited to its President (Mikola Abramtchik) and his representative (Francis Kushel) in New York. AEPRIMER was terminated in 1959. Constantine Mierlak associated with Project. Cryptonym for Constantine Mierlak. AEQUOR Project (1951-62) involved operations into Byelorussia through the exploitation of the Byelorussia National Council (BNR), and later evolved into primarily supporting the publication of a Byelorussian language weekly newspaper. Mikola Abramtchik, Francis Kushel, Boris Ragula, Stanislaw Stankiewicz, Vitaut Tumash associated with Project. See AEPRIMER. AEDEPOT (formerly AEREADY) (1957-65) was designed to provide a trained "Hot War" cadre of agents who could be used during a period of heightened tensions/increased alert or during actual hostilities against the Soviet Union. Mikola Abramtchik, Constantine Mierlak, Tscherim Soobzokov associated with Project. Cryptonym for Constantine Mierlak. AEREALITY was the Soviet Realities Orientation Training Program. Aleks Kurgvel associated with Project. CARECOVER (formerly AERECOVER) was a net of Soviet military intelligence agents in Wiesbaden.

AEPOLE AEPOLE-1 organization AEPOLE-5 AEPOLE-8

AEPRIMER AEPRIMER-1

AEQUOR

AEREADY AEREADY-2 AEREALITY AERECOVER

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Term

Definition

AERODYNAMIC

AERODYNAMIC (formerly CARTEL, ANDROGEN, AECARTHAGE) (1949-70) refers to CIA support for ZP/UHVR (Ukrainian Supreme Liberation Council), which began in 1949. CIA helped to establish in New York City the Prolog Research and Publishing Company in 1953 as ZP/UHVR's publishing and research arm. Prolog, through an affiliate in Munich, published periodicals and selected books and pamphlets which sought to exploit and increase nationalist and other dissident tendencies in the Soviet Ukraine. ZP/UHVR operational activity concentrated on propaganda and contact operations. In 1970, AERODYNAMIC was redesignated QRPLUMB. The file includes AERODYNAMIC Development and Plans (Vol. 1-8), Operations (Vol. 9-41), and Contact Reports (Vol. 42-47). Yaroslav Fedyk, Ivan Hrinioch, Mykola Lebed, Yury Lopatinsky, Lyubomir Ortinskiy associated with Project. Roman Tymewycz a clerical employee in Branch Office of Project AERODYNAMIC. AEFREEMAN (1953-64), which included AEBASIN/AEROOT (1953-60), AEFLAG (1955-62), and AEPOLE (formerly AECHAMP (1949-59)), was designed to strengthen resistance to communism and harrass the Soviet regime in the Baltic countries. AEBASIN/AEROOT supported Estonian emigres and migr activities aganist the Estonian SSR. AEFLAG was aimed at people of the Latvian SSR. AEPOLE (formerly AECHAMP (formerly BGLAPIN)) targeted the Lithuanian SSR. These projects provided intelligence and operational data from Baltic countries through radio broadcasts, mailing operations, liaison with emigre organizations, political and psychological (PP) briefings for legal travelers and exploitation of other media such as demonstrations. Aleks Kurgvel, Elmar Lipping, Romulus Mandel associated with AEBASIN/AEROOT Project. Vilis Hazners associated with AEFLAG Project. Antanas Bernotas, Jouzas Brazaitis, Stasys Rastikis associated with AEPOLE Project. Alexandras Lileikis associated with AECHAMP Project. ILgvars Skaistlauks considered for possible use on AECHAMP Project. Cryptonym for Romulus Mandel. AESAURUS / AENOBLE (initially AEROSOL, renamed AEGIDEON / AENOBLE in 1958) operation (1950-61) maintained communications with agents of the National Alliance of Russian Solidarists (Narodno Trudovoi Soyuz or NTS (CABOCHE-1, PDGIDEON, SHUBA-100)). NTS was founded in 1930s by Russian emigres with extreme rightest and anti-Semitic views and collaborated closely with the Nazis in Russia, providing local administrators, propagandists, and informants. NTS rebuilt itself in 1945 as an anti-Soviet migr organization inside the USSR and with its own newspaper "Possev." This project sought the development and exploitation of NTS agents as longterm hot war assets and as sources of operational positive and psychological intelligence. The Project included Operation CARCASS, training/dispatch into USSR of agents to organize resistance groups and collect FI; Operation SPAIN to establish NTS groups in US zone/Germany and Austria against Soviet occupation forces through propaganda, defection, resistance, and collecting FI; Operation RADIO to establish a mobile covert radio operated by NTS for propaganda into East Zone. See also QKDROOP.

AEROOT AEROOT-7

AEROSOL

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Term Definition AESAURUS / AENOBLE (initially AEROSOL, renamed AEGIDEON / AENOBLE in 1958) operation (1950-61) maintained communications with agents of the National Alliance of Russian Solidarists (Narodno Trudovoi Soyuz or NTS (CABOCHE-1, PDGIDEON, SHUBA-100)). NTS was founded in 1930s by Russian emigres with extreme rightest and anti-Semitic views and collaborated closely with the Nazis in Russia, providing local administrators, propagandists, and informants. NTS rebuilt itself in 1945 as an anti-Soviet migr organization inside the USSR and with its own newspaper "Possev." This project sought the development and exploitation of NTS agents as longterm hot war assets and as sources of operational positive and psychological intelligence. The Project included Operation CARCASS, training/dispatch into USSR of agents to organize resistance groups and collect FI; Operation SPAIN to establish NTS groups in US zone/Germany and Austria against Soviet occupation forces through propaganda, defection, resistance, and collecting FI; Operation RADIO to establish a mobile covert radio operated by NTS for propaganda into East Zone. See also QKDROOP. AESCREEN was Russian language transcription unit. Aleks Kurgvel associated with Project. Cryptonym for Edgars Laipenieks. AETARGET provided information about Soviet audio monitoring programs. Aleks Kurgvel associated with Project. Prolog Research Corporation, the New York publishing arm of Project QRPLUMB. Ukrainian Society for Foreign Studies, which was the Munich office of QRPLUMB and published the monthly journal Suchasnist. Cryptonym for the Byelorussian Central Council (BZR/BCR). Cryptonym for Radislaw Ostrowsky. Information collected on the Soviet Embassy near Bonn, Germany. Cryptonym for Aleksandrs Burmeisters. Cryptonym for Janis Cirulis. AEVIRGIL (1953-63) provided a controlled, anti-communist migr organization for political and psychological activities against the Soviet target. The particular migr organization, which was called the Central Association of Post-War Emigres (TsOPE) and located in Munich, produced and disseminated Russian language leaflets and a monthly magazine (Svoboda), held propaganda meetings and press conferences, and was engaged in psychological warfare against the Soviet target. Wilhelm Gruenwaldt associated with Project. Cryptonym for Wilhelm Gruenwaldt. AFU Program/UJLENTIL refers to SATURN Program's Berlin and East German foreign intelligence staybehind observer/reporter teams. Activities associated with the Armenians during 1952-54. Drostamat Kanayan associated with Project. Cable indicator for CIA Near East Division. CIA Latin America Division. Gehlen Organization alias for Andreas Haderlein. V-2600 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). ANDERS (Gehlen Organization alias). GRANOLITE-30 (cryptonym). Gehlen Organization alias for Emil Augsburg.

AESAURUS AESCREEN AESIDECAR-2 AETARGET AETENURE AETERRACE AETOMAC-1 AETOMAC-2 AETOPHAT AEVAIN-14 AEVAIN-24

AEVIRGIL AEVIRGIL-109 AFU Program AIN AJAJA AKULE ALBERT Albert, Ludwig Albert, Theodor Von ALBERTI, Dr. Ernst

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Term Definition Project ALCATRAZ involved penetration of Communist Party of Germany. Hildegard Beetz associated with Project. Herbert Von Strempel, Kuno Wirsich considered for possible use by OSS/SSU/CIG on Project. Cryptonym for Roberts Stiglics. Gehlen Organization alias for Erich Olbrueck. Gehlen Organization alias for Emil Augsburg. American Committee for the Liberation of the Peoples of Russia (AMCOMLIB) was a part of Project QKACTIVE. Mikola Abramtchik was the representative of a coordinating committee of non-Russian organizations representing six nationalities (Ukrainians, Georgians, Azerbaijani, North Caucasians, Armenians, and Byelorussians), which was founded in Europe to represent nonRussian groups willing to associate themselves with AMCOMLIB. PBAFFIRM (cryptonym). PBCHORD (cryptonym for Munich Office of AMCOMLIB). Austrian Military Intelligence Service (AMIS). GREENSOAP (cryptonym). Amt Blank was the predecessor organization of a part of West Germany's Ministry of Defense under Theodore Blank, the first postwar Minister of Defense during the Adenauer administration. Colonel Friedrich Wilhelm Heinz associated with Amt Blank. CATTURA (cryptonym). Associated with AECOB/ZRLYNCH Project. Gehlen Organization alias for Ludwig Albert. Heinz SCHAUTH, Peter ANDERS, Peter KIRCHNER (Gehlen Organization aliases). Gehlen Organization alias for Heinz Anders.

ALCATRAZ ALLEYCAT-14 ALLMANN, Heinrich ALTHAUS, Dr. Ernst

AMCOMLIB AMIS

Amt Blank Ancans, Roberts ANDERS Anders, Heinz ANDERS, Peter

ANDROGEN Angerer, Johann ANT ANTLER ANTONOV, Rostislav APOSTLES Apsits, Andrejs Apyrubis, Ignatz AQUATIC Aradi, Zsolt AREDIT

AERODYNAMIC (formerly CARTEL, ANDROGEN, AECARTHAGE) (1949-70) refers to CIA support for ZP/UHVR (Ukrainian Supreme Liberation Council), which began in 1949. CIA helped to establish in New York City the Prolog Research and Publishing Company in 1953 as ZP/UHVR's publishing and research arm. Prolog, through an affiliate in Munich, published periodicals and selected books and pamphlets which sought to exploit and increase nationalist and other dissident tendencies in the Soviet Ukraine. ZP/UHVR operational activity concentrated on propaganda and contact operations. In 1970, AERODYNAMIC was redesignated QRPLUMB. The file includes AERODYNAMIC Development and Plans (Vol. 1-8), Operations (Vol. 9-41), and Contact Reports (Vol. 42-47). Yaroslav Fedyk, Ivan Hrinioch, Mykola Lebed, Yury Lopatinsky, Lyubomir Ortinskiy associated with Project. Roman Tymewycz a clerical employee in Branch Office of Project AERODYNAMIC. PP-5 (Otto Von Bolschwing's cryptonym for a member of his PP Net (Austrian Police and a counterintelligence network) in Austria). OSS/SSU cryptonym for Klavoli Voss. Cryptonym for Mykola Lebed. Pseudonym for Sergie Shebalin. Couriers sent by ZPUHVR to the Ukraine beginning in 1949. TILBURY-1, AECOB-10 (cryptonyms). Associated with AECOB Project. AELICTOR-1, AECORSAIR-3, AEMANNER-23 (cryptonyms). Associated with Project AEMANNER. CIA Technical Services Division (TSD). CRABBE, SARAZEN (OSS cryptonyms). KILKENNY, CARRYALL (CIA cryptonyms). Malcolm W. STEVENS (pseudonym). Plan BAZAR and Project AREDIT included intelligence reporting on Near East matters. Ugo Dadone associated with Projects.

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Term Arlt, Fritz

Definition V-2881 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). WERNER (Gehlen Organization alias). The Hungarian Arrow Cross was formed in the 1930s as the leading Hungarian fascist political party, led by Ferenc Szalasi. The Arrow Cross party ruled Hungary from 15 Oct. 1944 to Jan. 1945 and, during that time, sent 80,000 Jews on a death march to the Austrian border. Pseudonym for Director of Central Intelligence Allen Dulles. STBRANT-1, TLBRANT, LFSALAD (cryptonyms). V-2907 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). Dr. Ernst ALBERTI, Dr. Ernst ALTHAUS, Dr. KRAUSS (Gehlen Organization aliases). Cryptonym for Heinz Schmalschlager. Gehlen Organization alias for Andreas Biederbick. Gehlen Organization alias for Reinhardt Baumert. Gehlen Organization alias for Guenter Hans Bernau. Gehlen Organization alias for Kurt Behnke. Alias for Tscherim Soobzokov. An anti-Communist and anti-Fascist resistance organization set up in 1939 at the time of Italy's occupation of Albania. Hasan Dosti was President of Balli Kombetar (1949-54). CAMUSO-3 (cryptonym). Boris LOVETSKY (pseudonym). Associated with Project AECOB/ZRLYNCH. V-2665.5 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). AECAVATINA-1, CAVATINA-1 (cryptonyms). AEISSUE-1, CATOMIC-3, CATOPHAT-1 (cryptonyms). Associated with CATOPHAT Project. British Army of the Rhine. OSS/SSU cryptonym for Ulrich Wirth. Gehlen Organization alias for Adolf Puchta. V-9107 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). Erich WOLF (Gehlen Organization alias). Gehlen Organization alias for Joseph Schreieder. Helmuth BACHMANN (Gehlen Organization alias). Plan BAZAR and Project AREDIT included intelligence reporting on Near East matters. Ugo Dadone associated with Projects. AETOMAC-1 (cryptonym for BZR/BCR). Byelorussian emigration was split into two organizations -- the BZR/BCR (Beloruska Zentralna Rada or Byelorussian Central Council) and the BNR (Beloruska Nationalna Rada or Byelorussian National Council or Council of the Byelorussian Peoples Republic). The BZR/BCR, which was created during the German occupation of Byelorussia and supported by the Germans, was headed by Radislaw Ostrowsky. The BNR, which included a Cadre School and a Study Group, was headed by Mikola Abramtchik in Paris and Major Boris Ragula was its Operations Chief. Francis Kushel was BNR's military representative in New York. Bund Deutsche Jugend (BDJ) or League of German Youth, an organization in Project LCPROWL. KMPRUDE (cryptonym). Polish Government Employees in East Berlin.

Arrow Cross ASCHAM, Robert A. Aso. Tatsuo Augsburg, Emil AVOCET BACH, Andre BACHMANN, Helmuth BAER BALDRIAN BALLACH, George A.

Balli Kombetar Balodis, Nikolajs Baltrusch, Fritz Bandera, Stefan Bandholz, Heinrich BAOR BARLEY BAUER, Alfred Bauer, Hans BAUER, Heinz Baumert, Reinhardt BAZAR

BCR BDJ BEAUTYSHOP

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Term Definition BECRIPPLE Project (1954-60) provided Polish operations run from Berlin and other Stations/Bases with support assets such as a secure safehouse on the economy; garage for a German plated vehicle; an agent/cutout for obtaining credit investigations on persons of operational interest; an agent for monitoring local Polish emigre activity; an agent for obtaining clandesting photographs of West Berlin Polish installations and other support facilities. Hellmuth Goerz, Wilhelm Ludtke associated with Project. Cryptonym for Wilhelm Ludtke. East Europe, Czechoslovakia, and Poland. Polish underground organization. CAMISE, GAMBIT (cryptonyms). FELICITAS (alias used by Beetz when she was an agent for Amt VI, RSHA, 1940-45). Hildegard Blum (SSU pseudonym). Hildegard Purwin, widowed Blum, divorced Beetz, nee Burkhardt. Associated with Projects QKDEMON (fomerly EDUCATOR and UMPIRE) and ALCATRAZ. Cryptonym for Josef Urban while monitoring his peddling of fabricated intelligence reports. BALDRIAN (Gehlen Organization alias). UJDOWN (CIA cryptonym during German investigation of Behnke as a suspect MfS or Soviet agent during 195459. Behnke was also known to Heinz Felfe, a KGB penetration of Gehlen/BND for 10 years until his arrest in 1961.) BEKING Project provided live letter drops and phone cutout facilities for Berlin Base Polish operations. Hellmuth Goerz associated with Project. BELLADONNA involved collection of foreign intelligence on USSR and TRIDENT involved collection of counterintelligence on USSR through Ukrainian emigre activities and personalities (1946-48). Ivan Hrinioch, Michael Korzhan, Mykola Lebed, Yury Lopatinsky, Myron Matviyeyko associated with Projects. Cryptonym for Otto Anton Silberberg. CONDUCTOR (cryptonym). Associated with Project SYMPHONY. Asher BenNathan aka Arthur PIER. DEODAR-1 (cryptonym). Friedrich Von SARTORIUS (Rote Kapelle alias in WWII). Gehlen Organization alias for Guenter Hans Bernau. Gehlen Organization alias for Otto Hoffmann. Gehlen Organization alias for Erich Heidschuch. Pseudonym for Nikolai Poppe. THROWOFF-3, BLUEJAY-12 (cryptonyms). Anton POPOV (alias). Associated with Project BGFIEND. V-3399 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). BAER, BRACHT, Hans Guenter BERGER (Gehlen Organization aliases). Operation BERNHARD was a German operation in WWII to counterfeit British and American money using about 140 Jewish inmates of the Sachsenhausen concentration camp near Berlin. The Jewish inmates were experts in such fields as printing, binding, photography, and engraving. SS Sturmbannfuhrer Bernhard Kruger oversaw this work. Associated with Project AEPOLE. Considered for possible use on Project KMMANLY. JIGGER (OSS cryptonym). AEMARSH-14 (cryptonym). Robert T. GOFORTH (pseudonym). Associated with Project AEMARSH.

BECRIPPLE BECRIPPLE-2 BEDOX BEDUFFY

Beetz, Hildegard BEFINAL-103

Behnke, Kurt BEKING

BELLADONNA BELVEDERE-6B Ben-Nathan, Asher Benuzzi, Valerio Berger, Friedrich BERGER, Hans Guenter BERGER, Paul BERGMANN, EDUARD BERGSTROM, Professor Karl Berisha, Destan Bernau, Guenter Hans

BERNHARD Operation Bernotas, Antanas Berschneider, Josef Berthold-Bernard, Herbert Berzins, Alfreds

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Term

Definition BESMIRCH (1953-55) was designed to provide Polish operations with communications links over the Polish-German border through the use of legal travellers. Wilhelm Ludtke associated with Project. Cryptonym for Wilhelm Ludtke. West German Office for the Protection of the Constitution, Internal Security Service. West German equivalent of the FBI. CIA International Organizations Division (IOD). BGCALLUS was the cryptonym for the Institute for the Study of the USSR, which was a part of QKACTIVE (included this Institute, radio broadcasts, and other activities). Stanislaw Stankiewicz was Chairman of the Learned Council of BGCALLUS. Karl Toennies was considered for possible use on Project QKACTIVE. CIA Office of Policy Coordination (OPC) regulations. BGCONVOY (formerly QKSTAIR) (1950-55) was the basic political and psychological (PP) and paramilitary (PM) program against Bulgaria with the objective of conducting psychological warfare (PW) operations against the Bulgarian regime and establishing in the country resistance organizations capable of PM activity of various types. BGCONVOY also provided for the development and exploitation of the Principal Agent, Ivan Docheff, who was leader of the Bulgarian National Front, and the newspaper published by the group. Estonian National Council (ENR). OBOPUS (formerly BGFIEND) (1949-58) was initially a joint US-British covert action program designed to overthrow the Soviet dominated regime of Enver Hoxha in Albania and evolved into establishing and exploiting National Committee for Free Albania (NCFA), propaganda media, infiltration agents, and economic warfare. VALUABLE was the British Albanian plan. The file includes Country Plan for Albania (V. 1); Project Outline, Reviews, Termination (V. 2); OBLIVIOUS: NCFA (V. 3); BGFIEND/JBPARSON: Albanian Holding/Training Camp W. Germany (V. 4); BGFIEND RED Team (V. 5); BGFIEND APPLE Team (V. 6); BGFIEND WILLOW Team (V. 7); BGFIEND-VALUABLE Leaflet Drops (V. 8); OBTUSE: Propaganda Campaign (V. 9); OBTEST: Clandestine Radio Broadcasts (V. 10); OBHUNT & OBSIDIOUS: Infiltration Missions (V. 11); BGSPEED: Vessel for Offshore Propaganda Missions (V. 12); BGFIEND Operations (V. 13-30); Photographs (V. 31). Hasan Dosti associated with OBLIVIOUS (part of OBOPUS). Xhaver Deva Principal Agent (PA) on BGFIEND. Destan Berisha, Ahmet Kabashi, Shaqir Kabashi associated with BGFIEND. Staybehind programs. Indicator for mail pouches. Communist. US Army Counterintelligence Corps (Army/CIC or CIC). Intelligence organization.

BESMIRCH BESMIRCH-2 BfV BGACTRESS

BGCALLUS BGCANE Regulations

BGCONVOY BGENGINE

BGFIEND BGFIGHTER BGFINESSE BGGYPSY BGHABIT BGHIVES organization

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Term

Definition AEFREEMAN (1953-64), which included AEBASIN/AEROOT (1953-60), AEFLAG (1955-62), and AEPOLE (formerly AECHAMP (1949-59)), was designed to strengthen resistance to communism and harrass the Soviet regime in the Baltic countries. AEBASIN/AEROOT supported Estonian emigres and migr activities aganist the Estonian SSR. AEFLAG was aimed at people of the Latvian SSR. AEPOLE (formerly AECHAMP (formerly BGLAPIN)) targeted the Lithuanian SSR. These projects provided intelligence and operational data from Baltic countries through radio broadcasts, mailing operations, liaison with emigre organizations, political and psychological (PP) briefings for legal travelers and exploitation of other media such as demonstrations. Aleks Kurgvel, Elmar Lipping, Romulus Mandel associated with AEBASIN/AEROOT Project. Vilis Hazners associated with AEFLAG Project. Antanas Bernotas, Jouzas Brazaitis, Stasys Rastikis associated with AEPOLE Project. Alexandras Lileikis associated with AECHAMP Project. ILgvars Skaistlauks considered for possible use on AECHAMP Project. West Germany. Scientific and technical operational matters. CIA Office of Policy Coordination (OPC). Vessel for offshore propaganda missions associated with Project BGFIEND. Counterespionage in East Europe, Slovakia, Hungary. MAIR, SCHMIDT, WINKLER (Gehlen Organization aliases). V-4985 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). Andre BACH, Alfred BRENNER, DANIEL (Gehlen Organization aliases). HOPKALIT (Polish Intelligence Service cryptonym). BIOPHORE Project provided information on Argentine immigration (1954-58). Jan Durcansky associated with Project. Cryptonym for Jan Durcansky. British Intelligence Service (BIS). JAGUAR, SMOTH, SMYOPIA (cryptonyms). TT-1 (Otto Von Bolschwing's cryptonym for a member of his TT Net (Vorarlberg Security Directorate Unit) in Austria). West German Federal Criminal Police (Bundeskriminalamt (BKA)). CADOME, CAMEN (cryptonyms). Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). CATRANSIT-28, CAGENERAL-27 (cryptonyms). Associated with CATRANSIT and CAGENERAL Programs. AECONFIDE-1, CASUSTAIN-8 (cryptonyms). Associated with CASUSTAIN Project. Cryptonym for Destan Berisha. SSU pseudonym for Hildegard Beetz. Hildegard Purwin, widowed Blum, divorced Beetz, nee Burkhardt. West German Foreign Intelligence Service (BND). CAFEAT, CASCOPE, CATIDE, CATRIBE, CATUSK, HBLAURITE, QAFEAT, UJDUSK, UPHILL, UPSWING (cryptonyms).

BGLAPIN BGMURDER BGPACKAGE BGRHYTHM BGSPEED BGWOEFUL Bickler, Hermann Biederbick, Andreas Billmaier, Kurt BIOPHORE BIOPHORE-1 BIS Bitschnau, Wolfram BKA BKCROWN BKHERALD BKTRUST Bleil, Richard Block, Walther BLUEJAY-12 Blum, Hildegard

BND

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Term Definition AECAMBISTA-1, CAMBISTA-1 (cryptonyms for BNR). Byelorussian emigration was split into two organizations -- the BZR/BCR (Beloruska Zentralna Rada or Byelorussian Central Council) and the BNR (Beloruska Nationalna Rada or Byelorussian National Council or Council of the Byelorussian Peoples Republic). The BZR/BCR, which was created during the German occupation of Byelorussia and supported by the Germans, was headed by Radislaw Ostrowsky. The BNR, which included a Cadre School and a Study Group, was headed by Mikola Abramtchik in Paris and Major Boris Ragula was its Operations Chief. Francis Kushel was BNR's military representative in New York. V-6732 prior to 1950 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). CC-2 1950-53 (Otto Von Bolschwing's (V-B) cryptonym for a member of his CC Net (V-B's Headquarter's staff and direct contacts) in Austria). V-2713 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). CALABRIA (cryptonym). BOLERO refers to the group of Germans from Foreign Armies East and headed by Reinhard Gehlen immediately after the war. The BOLERO group merged with the KEYSTONE group (headed by Herman Baun) to form the Gehlen Organization with Gehlen as Chief. GROSSBAHN, UNREST, and USAGE (cryptonyms). Gehlen Organization alias for Hans Sander. Gehlen Organization alias for Erich Deppner. Associated with OSS Plan IVY (1944-45). BOULDER Project was a training program. Lyubomir Ortinskiy associated with Project. Gehlen Organization alias for Guenter Hans Bernau. AEPOLE-8 (cryptonym). Associated with Project AEPOLE and Project AEBALCONY. Gehlen Organization alias for Andreas Biederbick. Bricha (Hebrew for "escape") was the organized illegal mass immigration movement of Jews from Eastern Europe across the occupied zones and into Israel after WWII. The aim was to reach the coasts, where clandestine ships arranged by the Aliyah Bet organization could transfer the DPs to Palestine. Founded by Abba Kovner and other surviving partisans of Vilna, Bricha began operations in July 1945. In 1946 as the exodus of survivors intensified, a network of way stations was established that would route the survivors through Poland and into the US-occupied Zone of Germany. The US Zone commanders and the Czech government tacitly permitted the infiltration. Soldiers from the Jewish Brigade and the underground Jewish army in Palestine administered the program and funds were provided by JDC. Bricha operatives who escorted the DPs were frequently survivors themselves. Between August 1945 and June 1946, Bricha figures showed approximately 48,000 refugees had left Poland in this way. An unknown total number of Jews reached Palestine via Bricha, but estimates range from 80,000 to 250,000. See SYMPHONY. RNPILLOW and AECAMBARO-2 (cryptonyms), Lyman M. HEMERET (pseudonym), Arturs LINDE (alias). Associated with AECOB/ZRLYNCH Project. RNMOOSEY, KM-64, JG-3534 (cryptonyms). Associated with LCPROWL Project. Alias for Andreas Lottum. CARPETMAKER, CASTIRRUP-1 (cryptonyms when he was Liaison Contact at BKA).

BNR

Boehm, Anton Boehrsch, Herbert Bohle, Ernst Wilhelm

BOLERO Bolschwing, Otto Von BORCHERS, Hermann BORCHERT, Ernst Borghese, Junio Valerio BOULDER BRACHT Brazaitis, Jouzas BRENNER, Andre

Bricha

Brombergs, Arturs Bross, Alarich BRUCKNER, Paul Brueckner, Ernst

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Term Brunner, Alois BURKHARDT Burkhardt, Hildegard Burmeisters, Aleksandrs

Definition George FISHER (alias). Gehlen Organization alias for Friederich Busch. Hildegard Purwin, widowed Blum, divorced Beetz, nee Burkhardt. AEVAIN-14 (cryptonym). Associated with AEMARSH Project. V-2982 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). BURKHARDT (Gehlen Organization alias). UJDRUG (CIA cryptonym when the Germans ran him as a double agent against the KGB in Fall PANOPTIKUM). AETOMAC-1 (cryptonym for BZR/BCR). Byelorussian emigration was split into two organizations -- the BZR/BCR (Beloruska Zentralna Rada or Byelorussian Central Council) and the BNR (Beloruska Nationalna Rada or Byelorussian National Council or Council of the Byelorussian Peoples Republic). The BZR/BCR, which was created during the German occupation of Byelorussia and supported by the Germans, was headed by Radislaw Ostrowsky. The BNR, which included a Cadre School and a Study Group, was headed by Mikola Abramtchik in Paris and Major Boris Ragula was its Operations Chief. Francis Kushel was BNR's military representative in New York. West German Social Democratic Party (SPD). Cryptonym for Sven-Gunner Treuhoff. Cryptonym for Theo Saevecke when he was Liaison Contact at BKA. CABATON (1956-64) provided accommodation addresses in Bonn and Frankfurt. Erich Neugebauer, Johannes Hirsemann associated with Project. Cryptonym for Erich Neugebauer. Cryptonym for Johannes Hirsemann. Cryptonym for Georg Umpfenbach. William F. ORDWAY (pseudonym). General Charles P. Cabell was the Deputy Director of Central Intelligence (DDCI) when Allen Dulles was the Director of Central Intelligence (DCI) from 1953-62. Defector Reception Center (DRC) in Frankfurt, Germany. Cryptonym for National Alliance of Russian Solidarists (Narodno Trudovoi Soyuz (NTS)), which reportedly was founded in the 1930s by Russian emigres with extreme rightest and anti-Semitic views and collaborated closely with the Nazis in Russia, providing local administrators, propagandists, and informants. The NTS rebuilt itself on purely anti-Communist grounds in 1945. After the war, the NTS has its own newspaper "Possev." See also AESAURUS, QKDROOP. CIA cryptonym for Joseph Schreieder as Liaison Contact at the LfV. Cryptonym for Sergie Shebalin. Foreign intelligence program to train and maintain multi-purpose staybehind agents who could be used for clandestine communications. Office of Coordinator Advisor, Germany. Cryptonym for Otto Hantel. CADENTINE Project subsidized a West German youth group. Leonid Von Cube associated with Project. Cryptonym for Leonid Von Cube. Cryptonym for Hans Joachim Kudoke. West German Federal Criminal Police (Bundeskriminalamt (BKA)). Cable indicator for German covert action. Political/psychological project office in Berlin.

Busch, Friederich

BZR CABAKER CABALLETA-2 CABANJO

CABATON CABATON-165 CABATON-39 CABATON-46

Cabell, General Charles P. CABEZONE

CABOCHE-1 CABOLT CACHINO-4 CACINNABAR CACROZE CACUS-4 CADENTINE CADENTINE-4 CADINGY CADOME CADORY CADRAIN

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Term Definition CADROWN (formerly TPEMBER Apparat, CADRASTIC) (1952-55) was approved in 1952 as Amendment 3 to Project TPEMBER to establish a paramilitary resistance apparat in East Germany for escape and evasion and other staybehind resistance activities in case of war with the USSR. TPEMBER (later CADROIT) (1949-55) supported a campaign to expose and to prevent where possible, illegal actions, breaches of justice, and acts of inhumanity committed and tolerated by authorities in East Germany. This was effected through the League of Free Jurists in East Germany. OSS/SSU cryptonym for Georgs Gaston Kulikovskis. Cryptonym for Karl Heinz Marbach. CADROIT (formerly TPEMBER) (1949-55) subsidized and guided the Investigative Committee of Free Jurists (Untersuchungsausschuss freiheitlicher Juristen (UfJ)), which developed from one person as the head of a notional committee in West Berlin to an active organization with a West Berlin Headquarters staff of 75 and about 2,000 East German covert contacts, many from the legal profession and/or East German government. The UfJ, with CIA assistance, conducted extensive propaganda campaigns in East Germany, based mainly on information from East German informants, to expose illegal actions, breaches of justice, and acts of inhumanity committed and tolerated by authorities in East Germany. An outgrowth of the UfJ-sponsored International Congress of Jurists in Berlin (1952) was the establishment of the International Commission of Jurists in The Hague, which was supported by CIA under Project QKFEARFUL. CADROIT also included CADROWN (1952-55), a paramilitary organization established in East Germany for wartime use. Helmut Casemir associated with Project CADROIT. Cryptonym for Helmut Casemir. CADROWN (formerly TPEMBER Apparat, CADRASTIC) (1952-55) was approved in 1952 as Amendment 3 to Project TPEMBER to establish a paramilitary resistance apparat in East Germany for escape and evasion and other staybehind resistance activities in case of war with the USSR. TPEMBER (later CADROIT) (1949-55) supported a campaign to expose and to prevent where possible, illegal actions, breaches of justice, and acts of inhumanity committed and tolerated by authorities in East Germany. This was effected through the League of Free Jurists in East Germany. German Mission Office of Security. Cryptonym for Fredrich Otto Lehmann. Surveillance/investigative team in Frankfurt. Cryptonym for Georg Umpfenbach. Plan CAESAR was considered by the OSS as a double agent operation against the Japanese Intelligence Service in Italy (1945). Jose Garrette considered for possible use on Project. Cryptonym for West German Foreign Intelligence Service (BND). CAFIGHT involved operations against the Soviet target in the Hamburg area. Hans Waldemar Seebode associated with Project. Cryptonym for Hans Waldemar Seebode. Cryptonym for Gerhard Von Schwerin, who was Konrad Adenauer's military advisor. CAGENERAL (1958-67) provided accommodation address custodians for Munich Operations Base clandestine operations. Richard Bleil assoiated with Program.

CADRASTIC CADRE CADRIER

CADROIT CADROIT-4

CADROWN CADRUG CADUCITY CAECTOMY CAECTOMY-18

CAESAR CAFEAT CAFIGHT CAFIGHT-2 CAFILA

CAGENERAL

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Term CAGENERAL-27 CAGER CAHECTIC-4 Definition Cryptonym for Richard Bleil. Cable indicator for German Station. Cryptonym for Helmut Casemir. CAHELM involved operations to penetrate the German Communist China Friendship Society and other extremist groups. Hans Waldemar Seebode associated with Project. Cryptonym for Hans Waldemar Seebode. West German Defense Ministry. Cryptonym for Werner Goettsch. Cryptonym for Erwin Regen. Cryptonym for Carl Heinz Mueller. Kampfgruppe gegen Unmenschlichkeit (KgU), or Fighting Group against Inhumanity. See DTLINEN. Cryptonym for Gustav Hilger Cryptonym for Ernst Wilhelm Bohle. Cryptonym for Franciszek Drzewiecki. CA-LAND was joint Swedish/SSU boat operation into Latvia. Edvins Ozolins associated with Project. Cryptonym for Kurt Reichert. Cable indicator for West German foreign intelligence. Pseudonym for James McCargar. Mail and telephone intercept program established by US Army in Germany after WWII. Cryptonym for Freds Launags. Project CAMBIO (Mar.-Nov. 1951) provided information on operating procedures, personnel, daily movement of trucks and trains from particular locations in Soviet Zone of Germany. Horst Paul Vettermann associated with Project. Cryptonym for Horst Paul Vettermann. Cryptonym for the Byelorussian National Council (BNR). Mikola Abramtchik in Paris was the head of the BNR. Cryptonym for Francis Kushel. Cryptonym for Vitaut Tumash. Cryptonym for Stanislaw Stankiewicz. Cryptonym for Major Boris Ragula. Cryptonym for Mikola Abramtchik. OSS/SSU cryptonym for George Srb. West German Federal Criminal Police (Bundeskriminalamt (BKA)). OSS/SSU cryptonym for Murat Ferid. OSS/SSU cryptonym for Fritz Schwend. CAMISADE (formerly FORD) are OSS/SSU/CIG cryptonyms for Joachim Weinert. Cryptonym for Hildegard Beetz. OSS/SSU/CIG cryptonym for Victor Larionoff. Cryptonym for Arno Scholz. Cable indicator for operations and support activities in Munich not related to the BND. OSS/SSU cryptonym for Kuno Wirsich. Cryptonym for Leonid Tschoudnowsky. US Army Counterintelligence Corps operation (1949-53) to identify individuals with Nazi backgrounds in the emerging West German Government. Cryptonym for Alfreds Riekstins.

CAHELM CAHELM-1 CAHESSITE CAINFER-1 CAISSON-10 CAISSON-19 CAJERSEY CALABEL-1 CALABRIA CALAMITOUS-1 CA-LAND CALESA-1 CALL CALLENDER, Kenneth H. CALLIKAK CAMBARO-1

CAMBIO CAMBIO-0 CAMBISTA-1 CAMBISTA-10 CAMBISTA-16 CAMBISTA-17 CAMBISTA-2 CAMBISTA-4 CAMEL CAMEN CAMEO CAMERA CAMISADE CAMISE CAMISOLE CAMLET-1 CAMOG CAMOMILE CAMPHOR

CAMPUS CAMUSO-1

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Term CAMUSO-2 CAMUSO-3 CAMY CANAKIN CANCAN CANDIDA CANNABIN CANNONADE CANUCK CANZONET CAPANEUS CAPARISON CAPEDAL CAPEDAL-1 CAPEDAL-3 CAPELIN-1 CAPELIN-2 CAPELLA Definition Cryptonym for Edvins Ozolins. Cryptonym for Nikolajs Balodis. CIA Office of Policy Coordination/German Desk. OSS/SSU/CIG/CIA cryptonym for Georg Gerebkov. OSS/SSU/CIG cryptonym for Heinz Karl Krull. Cryptonym for Heinz Schmalschlager. OSS/SSU cryptonym for Ulrich Wirth. OSS/SSU cryptonym for Georg Meyer. Cryptonym for Sergie Froehlich. Cryptonym for George Spitz. Cryptonym (late 1940s) for Myron Matviyeyko. Cryptonym for Ivan Hrinioch. CASTONE/CAPEDAL involved surveillance and investigations supporting Munich Base. Eduard Fischer associated with Project. Cryptonym for Eduard Fischer. Cryptonym for Josef Flachslander. Cryptonym for Michael Korzhan. Cryptonym for Volodymyr Bohdan Slymakovsky. OSS/SSU cryptonym for Guenther Wischmann when he was an agent of Fritz Schwend. Cryptonym for Friedrich Wilhelm Heinz, who was associated with Amt Blank, the predecessor organization of part of West Germany's Ministry of Defense. Surveillance team. Cryptonym for Gerhard Von Mende. AEGEAN (formerly CAPSTAN) provided FI (foreign intelligence) from the Baltic States and USSR using support bases developed in the Lithuanian SSR as transit points. AEGEAN/CAPSTAN work continued under Project AECHAMP. Fried. Krupp A.G. Cryptonym for Alfred Krupp Von Bohlen und Halbach. Cryptonym for Paul Dickopf. Cryptonym for Helmut Casemir. AESAURUS / AENOBLE (initially AEROSOL, renamed AEGIDEON / AENOBLE in 1958) operation (1950-61) maintained communications with agents of the National Alliance of Russian Solidarists (Narodno Trudovoi Soyuz or NTS (CABOCHE-1, PDGIDEON, SHUBA-100)). NTS was founded in 1930s by Russian emigres with extreme rightest and anti-Semitic views and collaborated closely with the Nazis in Russia, providing local administrators, propagandists, and informants. NTS rebuilt itself in 1945 as an anti-Soviet migr organization inside the USSR and with its own newspaper "Possev." This project sought the development and exploitation of NTS agents as longterm hot war assets and as sources of operational positive and psychological intelligence. The Project included Operation CARCASS, training/dispatch into USSR of agents to organize resistance groups and collect FI; Operation SPAIN to establish NTS groups in US zone/Germany and Austria against Soviet occupation forces through propaganda, defection, resistance, and collecting FI; Operation RADIO to establish a mobile covert radio operated by NTS for propaganda into East Zone. See also QKDROOP. Alias for Joachim Weinert when he was agent of NKVD officer Captain FNU Skurin.

CAPOTE CAPRAIRIE Team CAPRIFORM

CAPSTAN CAPSULA CAPSULA-1 CARAVEL CARBODYDRATE

CARCASS Operation CARDIFF

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Term CARECOVER CARETINA CARETIRE-2 CARLSON, Mr. W. CAROAST-3 CARPETMAKER CARRIAGE CARRYALL Carstenn, Friedrich CART Definition CARECOVER (formerly AERECOVER) was a net of Soviet military intelligence agents in Wiesbaden. Cryptonym for Heinz Pannwitz. Cryptonym for Hans Czech. Alias for Aleks Kurgvel. Cryptonym for Josef Flachslander. Cryptonym for Ernst Brueckner as Liaison Contact at BKA. Polygraph test. Cryptonym for Zsolt Aradi. JG-7091 (cryptonym). Associated with LCPROWL Apparat Project. Cable Indicator for counterespionage investigation reports.

CARTEL CARTEL-1 CARTEL-2 CARTEL-3 CARTEL-6 CARVER CASCOPE Casemir, Helmut

CASNIDE CASPHERE CASSOWARY-1 CASSOWARY-2 CASSOWARY-27 CASSOWARY-3 CASSOWARY-6 CASTABIA CASTIRRUP CASTIRRUP-1

AERODYNAMIC (formerly CARTEL, ANDROGEN, AECARTHAGE) (1949-70) refers to CIA support for ZP/UHVR (Ukrainian Supreme Liberation Council), which began in 1949. CIA helped to establish in New York City the Prolog Research and Publishing Company in 1953 as ZP/UHVR's publishing and research arm. Prolog, through an affiliate in Munich, published periodicals and selected books and pamphlets which sought to exploit and increase nationalist and other dissident tendencies in the Soviet Ukraine. ZP/UHVR operational activity concentrated on propaganda and contact operations. In 1970, AERODYNAMIC was redesignated QRPLUMB. The file includes AERODYNAMIC Development and Plans (Vol. 1-8), Operations (Vol. 9-41), and Contact Reports (Vol. 42-47). Yaroslav Fedyk, Ivan Hrinioch, Mykola Lebed, Yury Lopatinsky, Lyubomir Ortinskiy associated with Project. Roman Tymewycz a clerical employee in Branch Office of Project AERODYNAMIC. Cryptonym for Ivan Hrinioch. Cryptonym for Mykola Lebed. Cryptonym for Yury Lopatinsky. Cryptonym for Yaroslav Fedyk. West German Foreign Office. Cryptonym for West German Foreign Intelligence Service (BND). CADROIT-4, CAHECTIC-4, CARBOHYDRATE, LINCOLN (cryptonyms). Associated with Project CADROIT. CASNIDE was Gehlen Organization program (1955) to develop escape and evasion capabilities in West Germany in support of US European Command requirements. Cryptonym for Ludwig Erhard during 1963-66. Cryptonym for Ukrainian migr organization, ZP/UHVR, Foreign Representation of the Ukrainian Supreme Liberation Council. Cryptonym for Mykola Lebed. Cryptonym for Lyubomir Ortinskiy. Cryptonym for Ivan Hrinioch. Cryptonym for Yaroslav Fedyk. Refugee debriefing program. Security Group of the West German Federal Criminal Police (Bundeskriminalamt). Cryptonym for Ernst Brueckner as Liaison Contact at BKA. CASTONE/CAPEDAL involved surveillance and investigations supporting Munich Base. Eduard Fischer, Josef Flachslander associated with Project. Cryptonym for Josef Flachslander. Cryptonym for Eduard Fischer.

CASTONE CASTONE-16 CASTONE-4

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Term Definition CASUSTAIN involved operations against the Soviet target in Northern Germany. Walther Block, Inge Marie Gehrich, Hans Waldemar Seebode associated with Project. Cryptonym for Inge Marie Gehrich. Cryptonym for Hans Waldemar Seebode. Cryptonym for Walther Block. CATADPOLE Project involved surveillance and investigative activities in Frankfurt area. Heinz Till considered for possible use on Project. Cryptonym for Georg Umpfenbach. Cryptonym for Sergie Shebalin. Cable indicator for Berlin Base operational support. West German Foreign Intelligence Service (BND). CATOMIC (1970-74) superceded CATOPHAT and included access agent operations against the Soviet Embassy near Bonn and the Soviet Trade Mission near Cologne as well as operations to recruit or insert assets in West German companies which deal with the Soviet Union and Communist China. Heinrich Bandholz associated with Project. Cryptonym for Heinrich Bandholz. CATOPHAT operation (1967-70) used an access agent directed against the Soviet Embassy near Bonn, West Germany and the Soviet Trade Mission near Cologne, West Germany. CATOPHAT was superceded by CATOMIC. Heinrich Bandholz associated with Project. Cryptonym for Heinrich Bandholz. CATRANSIT (1964-69) was launched by Berlin Operations Base (BOB) and provided for the development and maintenance of a courier pool that would sustain secure communication with agents residing in East Berlin and/or East Germany. This progam was necessary because BOB's communications with most of its agents in East Berlin were severed when the Berlin Wall was erected in Aug. 1961. Richard Bleil associated with Program. Cryptonym for Richard Bleil. West German Foreign Intelligence Service (BND). Soviet Consulate in Hamburg. Cryptonym for Roberts Ancans. West German Foreign Intelligence Service (BND). Cryptonym for Hans Globke. CAUTERY Project involved debriefing refugees for intelligence leads concerning likely defectors. Johann Dosse, Werner Franz Glasenapp, Heinrich Kutzler, Hans Lobbes, Andreas Lottum, Wilhelm Ludtke, Elfina Mellenthin, Walter Mellenthin, Theo Saevecke, Horst Paul Vettermann associated with Project. Cryptonym for Hans Lobbes. Cryptonym for Elfina Mellenthin. Cryptonym for Horst Paul Vettermann. Cryptonym for Heinrich Kutzler. Cryptonym for Theo Saevecke. Cryptonym for Walter Mellenthin. Cryptonym for Wilhelm Ludtke. Cryptonym for Werner Franz Glasenapp. Cryptonym for Johann Dosse. Cryptonym for Andreas Lottum. LfV, which were the Field Offices of the BfV (Office for the Protection of the Constitution, Internal Security Service).

CASUSTAIN CASUSTAIN-15 CASUSTAIN-5 CASUSTAIN-8 CATADPOLE CATADPOLE-1 CATARATA CATARSI CATIDE

CATOMIC CATOMIC-3

CATOPHAT CATOPHAT-1

CATRANSIT CATRANSIT-28 CATRIBE CATROJANHORSE CATTURA CATUSK CAUSA-1

CAUTERY CAUTERY-1 CAUTERY-10 CAUTERY-16 CAUTERY-18 CAUTERY-2 CAUTERY-3 CAUTERY-4 CAUTERY-5 CAUTERY-6 CAUTERY-8 CAVATA

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Term CAVATA-16 CAVATA-17 CAVATINA CAVATINA-1 CAVATINA-12 CAVATINA-2 CAVATINA-5 CAVATINA-6 CAVERVE CAVIRIL CAVOICE CAWASH CAWHISPER CAWHISPER-16 CAZAMIA CC-12 CC-13 Definition Cryptonym for Hubert Schruebbers. Cryptonym for Erich Wenger as Liaison Contact at BfV. Cryptonym for either Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN) or Foreign Section of Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (Zch/OUN). Cryptonym for Stefan Bandera. Cryptonym for Ivan Kashuba. Cryptonym for Yaroslav Stetsko. Cryptonym for Bodhan Pidhainy. Cryptonym for the Bandera faction of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN-B). Interrogations of German prisoners of war (POWs) returning from the Soviet Union. LfV Bavaria. Audio operation. West German Government Ministry of German Affairs. LfV, which were the Field Offices of the BfV (Office for the Protection of the Constitution, Internal Security Service). Cryptonym for Hubert Schruebbers. LfV, which were the Field Offices of the BfV (Office for the Protection of the Constitution, Internal Security Service). Otto Von Bolschwing's cryptonym for Josef Hermann Wirth as a member of his CC Net in Austria. Otto Von Bolschwing's cryptonym for Wolfgang Von Pfaundler as a member of his CC Net in Austria. CC-2, during 1950-53, was Otto Von Bolschwing's (V-B) cryptonym for Anton Boehm as a member of his CC Net (V-B's Headquarter's staff and direct contacts) in Austria. Otto Von Bolschwing's cryptonym for Inge Von Der Tann as a member of his CC Net in Austria. Counterespionage. Cambridge Center for International Studies. OBDURATE (formerly OBSTACLE, Plan CHARITY) (1954-56), incorporated into OBLONG in 1956, exploited the intelligence potential of a significant Albanian migr group in Rome (Balli Kombetar). Xhaver Deva associated with Project. Byelorussian Liberation Union in Paris that was headed by Mikola Abramtchik. CLAM (OSS/SSU cryptonym). Pseudonym for Freds Launags. Counterintelligence. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). BKCROWN, BKHERALD, BKTRUST, DYCLAIM, JKLANCE, KUBARK, NWBOLTON, PNEXCEL, PNINFINITE, PNJEWEL, PNPEAK, PNRADIUS, PNREADY, PNVALUE, PNWORLD, RTACTION, RVROCK, TQHIGHROAD, WOFACT, WOFIRM, ZACABAL (cryptonyms). Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and its predecessor organizations are Coordinator of Information (COI), 11 Jul. 1941 - 12 Jun. 1942; Office of Strategic Services (OSS), 13 Jun. 1942 - 1 Oct. 1945; Strategic Services Unit (SSU), 27 Sep. 1945 - 19 Oct. 1946; Central Intelligence Group (CIG), 22 Jan. 1946 - 18 Sep. 1947; and Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 25 Sep. 1947. KUJUMP (cryptonym). KUDESK, KUWRAP, WOMUSE (cryptonyms). CIA Director of Central Intelligence (DCI).

CC-2 CC-3 CE CENIS

CHARITY CHAURUS Chikolov, Alexander CHURGIN, Raymond S. CI

CIA CIA Contact Division CIA Counterintelligence Center CIA DCI

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Term CIA DDCI CIA DDI CIA DDO CIA DS&T CIA Directorate of Intelligence CIA East Asia Division CIA Europe Division CIA Europe Division agent training CIA Foreign Intelligence Staff CIA International Activities Division CIA International Organizations Division CIA Latin America Division CIA Office of Central Reference (OCR) CIA Office of General Counsel (OGC) CIA Office of National Estimates (ONE) CIA Office of Policy Coordination (OPC) CIA Office of Political Analysis (OPA) CIA Office of Scientific Intelligence (OSI) CIA Office of Special Operations (OSO). CIA OSO Technical Guidance CIA Soviet Division CIA TSD CIC Definition CIA Deputy Director of Central Intelligence (DDCI). CIA Deputy Director for Intelligence (DDI). KUCHAP, WOROMP (cryptonyms). CIA Deputy Director for Operations (DDO). DYCLAW, KUDOVE, SVMACE, WOMACE (cryptonyms). CIA Directorate of Science and Technology (DS&T). KUBASS, WOYARD (cryptonyms). PNORACLE (cryptonym). KOBIRD (cryptonym). KEYWAY (cryptonym). TOEXCEL (cryptonym). WOLENS (cryptonym). WOLIME (cryptonym). BGACTRESS (cryptonym). AKULE (cryptonym). WOECRU (cryptonym). LCDATA (cryptonym). KUJAZZ, WOHORN (cryptonyms). BGCANE, BGRHYTHM, DYCLAVIER, DYCLIP, DYCLUCK, FJCAPE, KNOBBY, VLKIVA, ZACACTUS (cryptonyms). KUMONK, WOGEAR (cryptonym). KUKNOB, WOLOBE, ZACALICO (cryptonyms). DYCLEAN, DYCLEMATIS, OGIVE, ZACABIN (cryptonyms). DYCLAMOR (cryptonym) REDBLOCK, REDCOAT, REDLEG, REDTOP (cryptonyms). CIA Technical Services Division (TSD). AQUATIC, DYCLOTH, KUCITY, KURIOT, MKNOVA, MKTOPAZ, WOACRE, WOLOCK (cryptonyms). US Army Counterintelligence Corps (US Army CIC or CIC). BGHABIT, DYMACULE, LNWILT, ODOPAL (cryptonyms). Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and its predecessor organizations are Coordinator of Information (COI), 11 Jul. 1941 - 12 Jun. 1942; Office of Strategic Services (OSS), 13 Jun. 1942 - 1 Oct. 1945; Strategic Services Unit (SSU), 27 Sep. 1945 - 19 Oct. 1946; Central Intelligence Group (CIG), 22 Jan. 1946 - 18 Sep. 1947; and Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 25 Sep. 1947. Plan CIRCLE (1946-48) was a US Army CIC operation that recruited Sergio Mainetto to penetrate ONARMO (Opera Nazionale Assistionza Religiosa Morale Operai), an organization in Rome that sponsored illegal immigration to Spain and South America. The Rome Office of the International Red Cross was staffed with a large number of German sympathizers who were facilitating the immmigration of Germans to South America. ONARMO also appeared to have the blessing of the Vatican. CIA was given access to the information obtained from this operation. AEVAIN-24 (cryptonym). Associated with AEMARSH Project. Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR). OSS/SSU cryptonym for Alexander Chikolov. JG-9633, RNSPLUNT (cryptonyms). Associated with QKSNITCH (Gesellschaft fuer Wehrkunde (GfW)) under Project KMMANLY. Alias for Aleks Kurgvel. V-2665 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). Hans CRAMER, HOFFMAN (Gehlen Organization alias). UJDRUM (cryptonym). OSS/SSU cryptonym for Georg Meyer.

CIG

CIRCLE Cirulis, Janis CKPOLAR CLAM Classen, Wilhelm CLAYTON, Mr. A. Clemens, Hans CLIP

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Term Code 307/7 SSU cryptonym for Ivan Docheff. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and its predecessor organizations are Coordinator of Information (COI), 11 Jul. 1941 - 12 Jun. 1942; Office of Strategic Services (OSS), 13 Jun. 1942 - 1 Oct. 1945; Strategic Services Unit (SSU), 27 Sep. 1945 - 19 Oct. 1946; Central Intelligence Group (CIG), 22 Jan. 1946 - 18 Sep. 1947; and Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 25 Sep. 1947. Cryptonym for Asher Ben-Nathan (aka Arthur PIER). Gehlen Organization alias for Cornelius Van Der Horst. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and its predecessor organizations are Coordinator of Information (COI), 11 Jul. 1941 - 12 Jun. 1942; Office of Strategic Services (OSS), 13 Jun. 1942 - 1 Oct. 1945; Strategic Services Unit (SSU), 27 Sep. 1945 - 19 Oct. 1946; Central Intelligence Group (CIG), 22 Jan. 1946 - 18 Sep. 1947; and Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 25 Sep. 1947. OSS Cryptonym for Zsolt Aradi. Gehlen Organization alias for Hans Clemens. Alias for Helmut Vogt. British Central Registry of War Criminals and Security Suspects. Used by Allies after WWII to identify suspect war criminals. CADENTINE-4 (cryptonym). Associated with CADENTINE Project. EE-2 (Otto Von Bolschwing's cryptonym for a member of his EE Net (Catholic Church Connections) in Austria). CARETIRE-2 (cryptonym when he was Liaison Contact at the BKA). DESDEMONA, LACERATOR, JK-78 (cryptonyms). Associated with Plan BAZAR and Project AREDIT. Gehlen Organization alias for Andreas Biederbick. Latvian Veterans Organization. Vilis Hazners was leader of this organization. CIA Director of Central Intelligence CIA Deputy Director of Central Intelligence. JG-7300 (cryptonym). Associated with LCPROWL Apparat. Cryptonym for Xhaver Deva. Gehlen Organization alias for Fritz Dorn. Gehlen Organization alias for Josef Didinger. SSU cryptonym for Ivan Docheff. OSS/SSU cryptonym for Paul Dickopf. Cryptonym for Valerio Benuzzi. V-616 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). Ernst BORCHERT, Egon DIETRICH (Gehlen Organization aliases). Cryptonym for Constantine Papanace. Gehlen Organization alias for Heinrich Lienhard. Soviet defector and former KGB officer. Cryptonym for Ugo Dadone. Pseudonym for Tscherim Soobzokov. Deutsche Soldaten Zeitung (DSZ), under Project KMMANLY, was the German Soldiers Newspaper. HTFULFIL, QKNAGNAG (cryptonyms). DECADEL (cryptonym). Associated with Projects OBLONG/OBDURATE, ZRNAUNTLE. OSS cryptonym for Sergio Mainetto. West German Federation of Trade Unions. Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA). LNSHOE (cryptonym). CARAVEL (cryptonym). DENKER, HATHOR (OSS/SSU cryptonyms). Definition

COI CONDUCTOR CONNY

Coordinator of Information (COI) CRABBE CRAMER, Hans CRASKE, Merritt C. CROWCASS Cube, Leonid Von Cuttsem, Marcel Van Czech, Hans Dadone, Ugo DANIEL Daugavas Vanagi DCI DDCI Debrassine, Heinz DECADEL DEHNE, Manfred Peter DEICHMAN, Josef DELIA DENKER DEODAR-1 Deppner, Erich DEPTHLESS-4 DERNBURG, Heinz Deryabin, Petr DESDEMONA DESNEW, Kenneth W. Deutsche Soldaten Zeitung (DSZ) Deva, Xhaver DEVILFISH DGB DIA Dickopf, Paul

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Term Didinger, Josef DIETRICH, Egon Definition V-13600 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). Josef DEICHMAN, Josef DORER, Hans DURING (Gehlen Organization alias). Gehlen Organization alias for Erich Deppner. TT-2 (Otto Von Bolschwing's cryptonym for a member of his TT Net (Vorarlberg Security Directorate Unit) in Austria). V-6628, formerly V-6606 (Gehlen Organization V-Numbers). GRALDER-1, LANDSEER-10 (cryptonyms). Monitoring of the Urban - Lukasch "garbage" collectors. Alias for Ivan Docheff. Cryptonym for Alfred Kurt Krueger. Czechoslovakia. DELIA, Code 307/7 (SSU cryptomyms). Ivan DIMITROFF (alias). GOMACE, MEMACE (CIA cryptonyms). He was Chief of Bulgarian Section of SSU Project SYBILLE (SSU), and also associated with Projects BGCONVOY, ZRNAUNTLE. Gehlen Organization alias for Alexander Dolezalek. Gehlen Organization alias for Emmerich Offczarek. V-3002 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). Horst-Guenther DOEHRING (Gehlen Organization alias). V-12024 (Gelhen Organization alias). Walter DRAHA, Daniel WILDORF (Gehlen Organization aliases). Gehlen Organization alias for Josef Didinger. V-3376 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). Manfred Peter DEHNE, Fritz TRAUBE (Gehlen Organization aliases). CAUTERY-6 (cryptonym). Associated with Project CAUTERY. Henry R. MALAMENT (alias). Associated with Project OBLIVIOUS. See also Balli Kombetar, BGFIEND, NCFA, OBOPUS, Shqiperia. DYNAMO (US Army cryptonym). Gehlen Organization alias for Walter Domes. Defector Reception Center (DRC) in Frankfurt, Germany. CABEZONE (cryptonym). CALAMITOUS-1 (cryptonym). DTBEYOND Project provides for the rescue of individuals involved in escape and evasion activities in Germany. Georg Kretzschmar associated with Project. CIA Office of Special Operations (OSO) Station at Karlsruhle. US Army European Command (EUCOM). DTLINEN (formerly EARTHENWARE, GRAVEYARD) (1951-60) was a CIA covert propaganda, harassment, and sabotage activity subsidizing both the overt and covert the activities of the Kampgruppe gegen Unmenschlichkeit (Fighting Group against Inhumanity (KgU)) against East Germany. The KgU (CAJERSEY), an overt organization, sought to expose conditions in the USSR and Soviet Zone of Germany which were considered crimes against humanity. Heinrich Otto Krause associated with Project. Erich Von Sivers considered for possible use on Project. DTPILLAR (1951-67) refers to CIA support to The Asia Foundation, which undertook programs via private institutions in Asia to counteract the spread and appeal of communism. Karl Herczeg associated with Project. Minoru Maeda considered for possible use on Project. Project DTRAPID involved police checks and investigative tasks. Sven-Gunner Truehoff associated with Project. Hamburg, West Germany.

Dietrich, Wilhelm DILLINGER Operation DIMITROFF, Ivan DISTAFF-60 DIZTAG

Docheff, Ivan DOEHRING, Horst-Guenther DOKTOR Dolezalek, Alexander Domes, Walter DORER, Josef Dorn, Fritz Dosse, Johann Dosti, Hasan Draganovic, Krunoslav DRAHA, Walter DRC Drzewiecki, Franciszek

DTBEYOND DTCRUTCH DTELDER

DTLINEN

DTPILLAR DTRAPID DTTHICK

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Term Dukavits, Anton Dulles, Allen Duplitzer, Emil Durcansky, Jan DURING, Hans DYCLAIM DYCLAMOR DYCLAVIER DYCLAW DYCLEAN DYCLEMATIS DYCLIMB DYCLIP DYCLOTH DYCLUCK DYCLUTCH DYMACACO DYMACULE DYMADNESS DYMAGPIE DYMAROON DYNAMO Definition KIBITZ-201 (cryptonym). Worked in KIBITZ-15's (Walter Kopp) net in the KIBITZ Project. Robert A. ASCHAM (pseudonym). Allen Dulles was Director of Central Intelligence (DCI) from 1953-62. V-11718 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). BIOPHORE-1 (cryptonym). Associated with Project BIOPHORE. Gehlen Organization alias for Josef Didinger. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). CIA Office of Special Operations (OSO) Technical Guidance. CIA Office of Policy Coordination (OPC). CIA Deputy Director for Operations (DDO). CIA Office of Special Operations (OSO). CIA Office of Special Operations (OSO). KIBITZ staybehind program's training program. CIA Office of Policy Coordination (OPC). CIA Technical Services Division (TSD). CIA Office of Policy Coordination (OPC). CIA Communications Staff. US Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). US Army Counterintelligence Corps (US Army CIC). US Department of Navy. US Army. US Department of State. US Army cryptonym for Krunoslav Draganovic. DTLINEN (formerly EARTHENWARE, GRAVEYARD) (1951-60) was a CIA covert propaganda, harassment, and sabotage activity subsidizing both the overt and covert the activities of the Kampgruppe gegen Unmenschlichkeit (Fighting Group against Inhumanity (KgU)) against East Germany. The KgU (CAJERSEY), an overt organization, sought to expose conditions in the USSR and Soviet Zone of Germany which were considered crimes against humanity. Heinrich Otto Krause associated with Project. Erich Von Sivers considered for possible use on Project. Psychological Warfare. Gehlen Organization alias for Rolf Engel. Gehlen Organization alias for Emmerich Offczarek. Alias for Josef Stigler. QKDEMON (formerly UMPIRE, EDUCATOR) (1949-50) was a psychological warfare project and provided the production and dissemination of covert propaganda against the Soviet Union and its satellites using radio broadcasts and printed material. Hildegard Beetz associated with Project. Otto Von Bolschwing's cryptonym for Hugo Montjoye-Vaufrey as a member of his EE Net (Catholic Church Connections) in Austria. Otto Von Bolschwing's cryptonym for Marcel Van Cuttsem as a member of his EE Net (Catholic Church Connections) in Austria. Otto Von Bolschwing's cryptonym for Otto Schulmeister as a member of his EE Net (Catholic Church Connections) in Austria. Gehlen Organization alias for Fritz Gustav Erdmann. EBERT (Gehlen Organization alias). Gehlen Organization alias for Heinrich Lienhard. British cryptonym for the Rote Kapelle. V-2665.2 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). Fritz LOHRMANN, ELLER (Gehlen Organization aliases).

EARTHENWARE EARTHWORM EBERT ECKERT, Dr. Oskar EDER

EDUCATOR EE-1 EE-2 EE-4 ELLER Engel, Rolf ENGELHARDT, Heinz EQUAL Erdmann, Fritz Gustav

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Term Erhard, Ludwig Definition CASPHERE (cryptonym) during 1963-66. The United States Escapee Program (USEP) or President's Escapee Program (PEP) was established in 1952 to assist escapees from the Soviet Bloc (nationals from Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Albania, Bulgaria, the Baltic States, or the USSR) fleeing from persecution and despair to countries of asylum in Europe. The Department of State, Foreign Operations Administration, had the responsibility of implementing this program, which assisted the escapees to get settled in the western world. PBSTEAM (formerly EUCHRE, later AEFORD) (1948-50) provided the services, experience, and backgound of a Russian specialist, Gustav Hilger, for not only CIA but also other U.S. Government agencies. US Army European Command (EUCOM). DTELDER (cryptonym). Europaische Wehrkorrespondenz (EWK), under Project KMMANLY, was the European Defense Newsletter. Cryptonym for Horia Sima. OSS/SSU cryptonym for Murat Ferid. Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). NVGROUP, ODENVY (cryptonyms). AECASSOWARY-6, CARTEL-6, CASSOWARY-6 (cryptonyms). Associated with Project AERODYNAMIC. V-22352 (formerly V-7038) (Gehlen Organization V-Number). Konrad FIEDLER, Konrad FISCHER (Gehlen Organization aliases). V-8833 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). Fritz KORF, Dr. Karl WILKE (Gehlen Organization aliases). Pseudonym for Alfreds Riekstins UJDROWSY (cryptonym). FRIESEN (Gehlen Organization alias). Alias used by Hildegard Beetz when she was an agent for Amt VI, RSHA, 194045. HH-1 (Otto Von Bolschwing's cryptonym for Fellner). FAMINE, CAMEO (OSS/SSU cryptonyms). V-11364 (Gehlen Organization VNumber). Foreign Intelligence. Field Information Agency Technical (FIAT). OSS/SSU cryptonym for Miron Pankevich. Gehlen Organization alias for Konrad Fiebig Gehlen Organization alias for Alois Fischer. V-2354 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). Werner WINTERSTEIN, Fritz WEIGAND, Fritz KAEMMER (Gehlen Organization aliases). FINK (Gehlen Organization alias). CASTONE-4, CAPEDAL-1 (cryptonyms). Associated with CASTONE/CAPEDAL Project. Alias for Alois Brunner. Gehlen Organization alias for Konrad Fiebig CIA Office of Policy Coordination (OPC). Cryptonym for Ukrainian Supreme Liberation Council (UHVR). Cable indicator for CIA security. Cryptonym for Foreign Representation of the Ukrainian Supreme Liberation Council (ZPUHVR). Estonia. North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).

Escapee Program

EUCHRE EUCOM Europaische Wehrkorrespondenz (WWR) FALLIBLE FAMINE FBI Fedyk, Yaroslav Feibig, Konrad Feist, Karl Joseph FELDMAN, Igor A. Felfe, Heinz FELICITAS Fellner, Anton Ferid, Murat FI FIAT FIDO FIEDLER, Konrad FINK Finsterer, Werner Fischer, Alois Fischer, Eduard FISCHER, George FISCHER, Konrad FJCAPE FJDRAFT FJDUST FJGOODS FJHAKI FJLESSON

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Term Definition Free Europe Exile Relations (FEER), a Division of the Free Europe Committee, Inc. James McCargar was European Director of FEER (1955-58). Cable indicator for military support flights. Foreign intelligence collection activities against the Peoples Republic of China (PRC) and the Chinese communists. Stockholm. Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR). CAPEDAL-3, CASTONE-16, CAROAST-3 (cryptonyms). Associated with Project CASTONE. V-2954 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). Alfred FRIEDMANN, Hans Hermann MIGSCH, NIETSCH (Gehlen Organization aliases). OSS cryptonym for Fritz Schwend. Air Reconnaissance Wing at Clark Field. CAMISADE (formerly FORD) are OSS/SSU/CIG cryptonyms for Joachim Weinert. From 1942-45, Reinhard Gehlen was Chief, Fremde Heere Ost (Foreign Armies East), Hitler's intelligence group with mission to obtain all possible intelligence material dealing with military, political, or economic situation in the USSR and southeastern European countries. In April 1945 before the war ended, Hitler replaced Gehlen with Gerhard Wessel as head of this group. See Gehlen Organization. FOX/UJLENTIL refers to SATURN Program's West German air-reception teams with drop and landing zones plotted. V-14415 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). FRANKE, KRUEGER (Gehlen Organization alias). Gehlen Organization alias for Friedrich Frank. Gehlen Organization alias for Hans Sander. From 1942-45, Reinhard Gehlen was Chief, Fremde Heere Ost (Foreign Armies East), Hitler's intelligence group with mission to obtain all possible intelligence material dealing with military, political, or economic situation in the USSR and southeastern European countries. In April 1945 before the war ended, Hitler replaced Gehlen with Gerhard Wessel as head of this group. See Gehlen Organization. V-2835 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). Frank PAX (Gehlen Organization alias). Gehlen Organization alias for Arwed Flegel. Gehlen Organization alias for Kurt Froehlich. Gehlen Organization alias for Heinz Felfe. V-2327 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). Gustav FRIESE (Gehlen Organization alias). CANUCK, JG-2627, KM-26 (cryptonyms). PRUNE (OSS/SSU cryptonym). Rudolf FUNK (Gehlen Organization alias). Gehlen Organization alias for Rudolf Fumy. Cryptonym for Shaqir Kabashi. OSS cryptonym for Hildegard Beetz. Gehlen Organization/BND alias for Hermann Griesse. Cryptonym for American War Refugee Board, which was established in 1944 by President Roosevelt to "rescue endangered refugees in every area of the world" and initiated its activities in Stockholm. The Board funded Raoul Wallenberg's assignment in wartime Budapest (1944-45) to protect Hungarian Jews from Nazi persecution and deportation.

FJMACHINE FJPASTIME FJPLEAD FJROWDY FJSTEAL Flachslander, Josef Flegel, Arwed FLUSH FOGDOGS FORD

Foreign Armies East FOX Frank, Friedrich FRANKE FRANKE, Hans

Fremde Heere Ost Friede, Willy Heinrich FRIEDMANN, Alfred FRIESE, Gustav FRIESEN Froehlich, Kurt Froehlich, Sergie Fumy, Rudolf FUNK, Rudolf GADULL GAMBIT GANTNER, Helmut

GARBO

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Term Garrette, Jose Definition Considered by OSS for use with Plan CAESAR. ODEUM, OFFSPRING, RUSTY, ZIPPER (cryptonyms). Immediately after the war, the KEYSTONE group of Germans with some formerly associated with Foreign Armies East and headed by Herman Baun merged with the BOLERO group of Germans from Foreign Armies East and headed by Reinhard Gehlen to form the Gehlen Organization with Gehlen as Chief. In 1956, the Gehlen Organization became the West German Intelligence Service (BND). UTILITY (cryptonym). Robert GRABER, Dr. SCHNEIDER (aliases). See also Fremde Heere Ost, Foreign Armies East, Gehlen Organization. CASUSTAIN-15 (cryptonym). Associated with CASUSTAIN Project. V-3348 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). Werner GRUNERT (Gehlen Organization alias). RINGWALD-1, GRAVID-5 (cryptonyms). Considered for ICEBERG Program. INFISHY-2 (cryptonym). CANAKIN, SLOTH (OSS/SSU/CIG/CIA cryptonyms). QKSNITCH (Gesellschaft fuer Wehrkunde (GfW)) under Project KMMANLY was a study group of former high ranking German Army officers that was created by OPC in 1952 and terminated in 1953. Wilhelm Classen, Eberhard Von Nostitz, Burghard Von Preussen, Felix Steiner associated with Project. Pseudonym for Stasys Rastikis. V-15775 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). ULMANN (Gehlen Organization alias). Pseudonym for Aleks Kurgvel. Walter GIRK (Gehlen Organization alias). Gehlen Organization alias for Walter Girg. GRIFFITH (Gehlen Organization alias). CAUTERY-5 (cryptonym). Associated with Project CAUTERY. CAUSA-1 (cryptonym when he was Liaison Contact in the West German Chancellor's Office for discussions and planning during 1951-56 for the transfer of the Gehlen Organization from CIA sponsorship to the West German government). JG-8955 (cryptonym). Associated with LCPROWL Project. BEKING-8D (cryptonym). Associated with BECRIPPLE/BEKING Project. CAINFER-1 (cryptonym). Pseudonym for Alfreds Berzins. Senior Polish Intelligence Service defector and former CIA agent-in-place. AELADLE (cryptonym). Soviet defector and former KGB officer. Pseudonym for Freds Launags. Cryptonym for Ivan Docheff. Gehlen Organization alias for Hans Scheidt. Alias for Reinhard Gehlen. Counterintelligence Corps Detachment 430 of G-2 US Forces Austria (CIC Det 430 G-2 USFA). Cryptonym for Wilhelm Dietrich. Cryptonym for Sergie Shebalin. Gehlen Organization alias for Hans Erich Schoebel. Cryptonym for Otto Schulmeister. Cryptonym for Theodor Von Albert. Vienna Operations Base in Stiftsdaserne. GRAUERT (Gehlen Organization alias).

Gehlen Organization Gehlen, Reinhard Gehrich, Inge Marie Geipel, Walter Geist, Karl Genoud, Francois Gerebkov, Georg

Gesellschaft fuer Wehrkunde (GfW) GHORMLEY, Everett M. Gimzauskas, Kazys GIORDANO, Mario K. Girg, Walter GIRK, Walter Glanert, Georg Glasenapp, Werner Franz

Globke, Hans Gmelin, Ulrich Goerz, Hellmuth Goettsch, Werner GOFORTH, Robert T. Goleniewski, Michal Golitsyn, Anatoliy GOLTEDGE, Louis G. GOMACE GORDON GRABER, Robert GRAGORA GRALDER-1 GRALLSPICE GRAM GRANOLITE-10 GRANOLITE-30 GRATLAS Grauer, Gustav

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Research Aid: Cryptonyms and Terms in Declassified CIA Files Nazi War Crimes and Japanese Imperial Government Records Disclosure Acts

Term GRAUERT

Definition Gehlen Organization alias for Gustav Grauer. DTLINEN (formerly EARTHENWARE, GRAVEYARD) (1951-60) was a CIA covert propaganda, harassment, and sabotage activity subsidizing both the overt and covert the activities of the Kampgruppe gegen Unmenschlichkeit (Fighting Group against Inhumanity (KgU)) against East Germany. The KgU (CAJERSEY), an overt organization, sought to expose conditions in the USSR and Soviet Zone of Germany which were considered crimes against humanity. Heinrich Otto Krause associated with Project. Erich Von Sivers considered for possible use on Project. Cryptonym for Karl Geist. Cryptonym for Otto Schulmeister. GRCROOND Project involved staybehind paramilitary operations in Austria to develop escape and evasion network. GRREPAIR Project developed the central section of the escape and evasion network in Austria. Egbert Hochhauser, Hans Tschurtscenthaler considered for possible use on Project GRCROOND. GRCROOND / GRREPAIR (1952-62) sought to develop and strengthen the Austrian paramilitary program so that this program could be activated at full strength in the event of hostilities. The program included staybehind, evasion and escape; guerrilla warfare and resistance; paramilitary training; and caching of equipment. Egbert Hochhauser, Hans Tschurtscenthaler considered for possible use on Project GRCROOND. Austrian State Police. Austrian Military Intelligence Service (AMIS). Cryptonym for Walter Kainz when he was Liaison Contact at AMIS. Austrian State Police. Helmut GANTNER (Gehlen Organization/BND alias). Gehlen Organization alias for Georg Glanert. John V. Grombach headed the POND, a codename at State Department for an intelligence operation founded in WWII, was conducted jointly by the War and State Departments. GROUNDHOG was cryptonym for the POND. One Foreign Service Officer (FSO) in each US Embassy (in the countries covered by the POND) was the POND officer and was provided with secret funds under his control and secret communications direct to the Department. James McCargar was FSO in Budapest (1946-47) and was also the POND officer in Hungary at that time. Cable indicator for Austrian intelligence operations. Cryptonym for Otto Von Bolschwing. GROUNDHOG was cryptonym for the POND organization headed by John V. Grombach. The POND, a codename at State Department for an intelligence operation founded in WWII, was conducted jointly by the War and State Departments. One Foreign Service Officer (FSO) in each US Embassy (in the countries covered by the POND) was the POND officer and was provided with secret funds under his control and secret communications direct to the Department. James McCargar was FSO in Budapest (1946-47) and was also the POND officer in Hungary at that time. US Embassy, Vienna.

GRAVEYARD GRAVID-5 GRCAMERA

GRCROOND

GRCROOND GREENGROCER GREENSOAP GREENSOAP-10 GRENGULF Griesse, Hermann GRIFFITH

Grombach, John V. GROOVY GROSSBAHN

GROUNDHOG GROWER

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Term Definition GRCROOND / GRREPAIR (1952-62) sought to develop and strengthen the Austrian paramilitary program so that this program could be activated at full strength in the event of hostilities. The program included staybehind, evasion and escape; guerrilla warfare and resistance; paramilitary training; and caching of equipment. Egbert Hochhauser, Hans Tschurtscenthaler considered for possible use on Project GRCROOND. G-2 US Forces Austria (G-2 USFA). AECADILT-10, AEVIRGIL-109 (cryptonyms). Associated with AECARRERA/AEVIRGIL Project. Detachment 35 of G-2 US Forces Austria (Det 35 G-2 USFA). US Army's cryptonym for Karl Haas. Haas is Det 35 G-2 US Forces Austria's (Det 35 G-2 USFA's) Source No. 201. Gehlen Organization alias for Walter Geipel. OSS/SSU/CIG cryptonym for Victor Larionoff. OSS/SSU cryptonym for Karl Suess. GRUESOME 201 (G-2 US Forces Austria's cryptonym for Haas). Gehlen Organization alias for Hans Handrack. V-9112 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). ALBERT, Albert HALBACH, Arthur HESSE, Albert RICHTER (Gehlen Organization aliases). Gehlen Organization alias for Johannes Hossbach. Gehlen Organization alias for Guenther Woest. Pseudonym for Freds Launags. Gehlen Organization alias for Andreas Haderlein. V-11760 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). Hans HABEDANK, Rolf OSTERREICH (Gehlen Organization aliases). CACUS-4 (cryptonym). HARVARD (1951-65) was designed initially to provide safehouse and operational aid facilities for CIA activities in Germany. In 1952, the HARVARD mission was expanded to include the rehabilitation and resettlement of defectors, agents, and agent-trainees. Gehlen Organization alias for Ernst Helfsgott. OSS/SSU cryptonym for Paul Dickopf. AEKILO-2 (cryptonym). Associated with AEBALCONY, AEFREEMAN/AEFLAG, AEMARSH Projects. See also Daugavas Vanagi. CIA OSO Station (Karlsruhe). Sweden. HBDEBATE/JBLIMBERS refers to clandestine coordinating and planning committee, SHAPE. US Embassy. West German Federal Government. Latvia. West German Foreign Intelligence Service (BND). Russian Zone of Germany. Canada. XX-61 (Otto Von Bolschwing's cryptonym for a member of his XX Net (Hungarian Catholic Group living in West) in Austria). V-18526 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). V-2620 (Gehlen Organization V-Nymber). Eduard BERGMANN (Gehlen Organization alias). CAPOTE (cryptonym). Associated with Amt Blank, the predecessor organization of part of the West German Ministry of Defense.

GRREPAIR GRUELER Gruenwaldt, Wilhelm GRUESOME GRUESOME 201 GRUNERT, Werner GULL GUMDROP Haas, Karl HABEDANK, Hans Haderlein, Andreas HAEHNERT HAENDLER HAHN, Cleveland O. HALBACH, Albert Handrack, Hans Hantel, Otto

HARVARD HASSEL, Werner HATHOR

Hazners, Vilis HBCAPON HBCHEST HBDEBATE HBFINCH HBGROPING HBHATCH HBLAURITE HBREBEL HBTROUT Hebenstreit, Erno Karoly Hehn, Juergen Von Heidschuch, Erich Heinz, Friedrich Wilhelm

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Research Aid: Cryptonyms and Terms in Declassified CIA Files Nazi War Crimes and Japanese Imperial Government Records Disclosure Acts
Term Helfsgott, Ernst HELLER HELLER, Werner Definition V-7041 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). Werner HELLER, Willi HILLMANN, Werner HASSEL (Gehlen Organization aliases). OSS/SSU alias for Heinz Schmalschlager. Gehlen Organization alias for Ernst Helfsgott. Fletcher M. KNIGHT (pseudonym). Richard M. Helms was Director of Central Intelligence (DCI) from 1966-73 and Deputy Director for Plans (DDP) from 196265. Pseudonym for Arturs Brombergs. Operation HENNE was a Gehlen Organization operation against the Hungarian Trade Mission in Frankfurt. The Gehlen Organization used Helmut Triska in this operation. Considered for possible use with National Committee for a Free Europe (NCFE). Associated with Project DTPILLAR. OSS/SSU alias for Kuno Wirsich. Gehlen Organization alias for Andreas Haderlein. Adolf HORN (Gehlen Organization alias). RNMELLATE (cryptonym when he was Liaison Contact at the West German Ministry of Defense). Otto Von Bolschwing's cryptonym for Anton Fellner. Hilfsgemeinschaft auf Gegenseitigkeit (HIAG), veterans organization of former SS members. Hebrew Sheltering and Immigrant Aid Society (HIAS). Cryptonym for Herbert Von Strempel. CALABEL-1 (cryptonym when he was Liaison Contact at the West German Foreign Office). Stephen H. HOLCOMB, Arthur T. LATTER (pseudonyms). Associated with Project AEFORD (formerly PBSTEAM). CARCER-1 (cryptonym). Gehlen Organization alias for Ernst Helfsgott. CABATON-39 (cryptonym). Associated with Project CABATON. Cable indicator for Hungarian intelligence operations. Considered for possible use on Project GRCROOND. Gehlen Organization alias for Ludwig Pfahls. V-2996 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). Gehlen Organization alias for Hans Clemens. Paul BERGER, PAUL (Gehlen Organization aliases). Pseudonym for Gustav Hilger. Gehlen Organization alias for Walter Kurreck. Gehlen Organization alias for Major General Horst Wendland. Gehlen Organization alias for Walter Otten. Polish Intelligence Service cryptonym for Kurt Billmaier. PL-507 (cryptonym). Briefly attended ZRELOPE training program. Gehlen Organization alias for Adolf Heusinger. V-2951 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). CONNY (Gehlen Organization alias). HAEHNERT (Gehlen Organization alias). CAPARISON, CARTEL-1, AECASSOWARY-3, CASSOWARY-3, QRDYNAMIC-3 (cryptonyms). Associated with Projects BELLADONNA/TRIDENT, AERODYNAMIC (formerly CARTEL, ANDROGEN, AECARTHAGE), QRDYNAMIC/QRPLUMB (formerly AEBEEHIVE). American or US, not US Government. United Press. Munich, Germany.

Helms, Richard M. HEMERET, Lyman M.

HENNE Hennyey, Gustav Herczeg, Karl HERRING HESSE, Arthur Heusinger, Adolf HH-1 HIAG HIAS HIAWATHA

Hilger, Gustav Hillmann, Fritz HILLMANN, Willi Hirsemann, Johannes HIWAY Hochhauser, Egbert HOEFNER, Ludwig Hoeher, Wolfgang HOFFMAN Hoffmann, Otto HOLCOMB, Stephen H. HOLGERS HOLM HOLM, Guenther HOPKALIT Horak, Stephan HORN, Adolf Horst, Cornelius Van Der Hossbach, Johannes

Hrinioch, Ivan HTCURIO HTENFORCE HTEXOTIC

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Term HTFULFIL HTMANDOLA Definition Deutsche Soldaten Zeitung (DSZ), German Soldiers Newspaper. See KMMANLY. US Army Europe (USAEUR). OBLIVIOUS (1949-55), formerly HTNEIGH and part of OBOPUS, provided support to National Committee for Free Albania (NCFA) as CIA's overt vehicle for political, psychological, paramilitary activities against Albania. Hasan Dosti associated with OBLIVIOUS. HTOUTRIG Project was planned to be an Hungarian veterans' organization to serve as a pool for prospective paramilitary and propaganda activities and combat the fast-growing organization of the notorious General Zako, but Project never became operational. Ferenc Koszorus named as Principal Agent on Project. London. ICEBERG (1948-53) was Vienna Operations Base's staybehind program and selected, trained, and placed W/T operators and other types of staybehind agents in strategic locations in Eastern Austria to become active only after the outbreak of hostilities and the loss of this area to hostile forces. Karl Geist considered for possible use on Project. Indicator for material sent from State Department to CIA. Considered for possible use on Project KMMANLY. Cryptonym for Francois Genoud. US Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS). LNYUMA, ODURGE (cryptonyms). The Rumanian Iron Guard (RIG) was an ultra-nationalist, anti-Semitic, fascist movement and political party in Rumania from 1927 into the early part of WWII. The Iron Guard, which collaborated with the Nazis and is well known for its participation in the Holocaust, was responsible for terrorism and atrocities in Rumania. Plan IVY (1944-45) conducted by OSS, Italian Navy, and Committee of National Liberation to prevent possible sabotage by Germans of industry in northern Italy by setting up network of counterespionage cells. Junio Valerio Borghese associated with Project. British Secret Intelligence Service. British Intelligence Service (BIS). AEMARSH-15 (cryptonym). Associated with Project AEMARSH. Franz URBANEK (Gehlen Organization alias). Cryptonym for Vidvuds Sveics while working for the Swedes. AECANOE-3 (cryptonym). Associated with Project TPTONIC. Latvia. Voice of America (VOA). HBDEBATE/JBLIMBERS refers to clandestine coordinating and planning committee, SHAPE. Psychological test. Albanian holding/training camp in West Germany associated with Project BGFIEND. Wireless/transmission equipment. Gesellschaft Freies Europa (Society for a Free Europe). American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee (commonly called the "JOINT" or the JDC). Cryptonym for Sergie Froehlich. Cryptonym for Helmut Vogt. Cryptonyms for Alarich Bross. Cryptonym for Aleks Kurgvel.

HTNEIGH

HTOUTRIG HTOXIDE

ICEBERG ICEFALL-CRESTFALL Iglhaut, Hans INFISHY-2 INS

Iron Guard

IVY JACKBOX JAGUAR Janelsins, Peteris Jansen, Erwin JANSONS Janums, Vilis JBCLOUD JBCREOLE JBLIMBERS JBMINIMUM JBPARSON JBRADDLE Equipment JBTHRONG JDC JG-2627 JG-2633 JG-3534 JG-3721

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Term JG-4095 JG-4796 JG-5394 JG-5397 JG-5809 JG-5817 JG-6024 JG-6424 JG-6628 JG-6732 JG-6734 JG-7091 JG-7300 JG-7653 JG-7749 JG-8955 JG-8970 JG-9633 JIGGER JK-44 JK-78 JKLANCE Jobke, Karl JOINT JUSTIZIN Kabashi, Ahmet Kabashi, Shaqir KAEMMER, Fritz KAHR, Fritz Definition Cryptonym for Georg Kretzschmar. Cryptonym for Walter Menke. Cryptonym for Alfreds Riekstins. Cryptonym for Edvins Ozolins. Cryptonym for Michael Rudko. Cryptonym for Lyubomir Ortinskiy. Cryptonym for Karl Jobke. Cryptonym for Romulus Mandel. Cryptonym for Christian Schwarting. Cryptonym for Sven-Gunner Treuhoff. Cryptonym for Hans Otto. Cryptonym for Friedrich Carstenn. Cryptonym for Heinz Debrassine. Cryptonym for Eberhard Tellkamp. Cryptonym for Helmut Kalich. Cryptonym for Ulrich Gmelin. Cryptonym for Viktor Ziegler. Cryptonym for Wilhelm Classen. OSS cryptonym for Herbert Berthold-Bernard. OSS cryptonym for Sergio Mainetto. Cryptonym for Ugo Dadone. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). JG-6024 (Cryptonym). Associated with LCPROWL Apparat Project. American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee (commonly called the "JOINT" or the JDC). Gehlen Organization alias for Eberhard Non Nostitz. THROWOFF-2 (cryptonym). Associated with Project BGFIEND. THROWOFF-4, THROTTLER-1, THUNDERCLAP-5, GADULL (cryptonyms). Associated with Project BGFIEND. Gehlen Organization alias for Werner Finsterer. Gehlen Organization alias for Franz Karmasin. V-14801 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). KORN, Walter SCHADE (Gehlen Organization alias). GREENSOAP-10 (cryptonym when he was Liaison Contact at AMIS) JG-7749 (cryptonym). Associated with Project LCPROWL. Alias for Herberts Zagars. PELOPS (cryptonym). Associated with Project AIN concerning activities with the Armenians during 1952-54. Cable indicator for document sensitivity. V-16131 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). Fritz KAHR, Fritz WUNDER (Gehlen Organization aliases). AECAVATINA-12, CAVATINA-12 (cryptonyms). KATonai POLitikai Csoport (KATPOL) was the Intelligence Department of the Hungarian Ministry of Defense, which later became VKF-II (Hungarian Military Intelligence Service). Alias for Leopold Voller. POSONNET-1 (cryptonym). Ulrich KIEL (Gehlen Organization alias). UJDUCAT-4 (cryptonym). V-11881 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). Gehlen Organization alias for Eberhard Non Nostitz. SAVOY (cryptonym).

Kainz, Walter Kalich, Helmut KALNINS, Herbert Kanayan, Drostamat KAPOK Karmasin, Franz Kashuba, Ivan

KATPOL KAUFMANN, Franz Kaya, Okinori Kayser-Eichberg, Ulrich Kedia, Michael KELLER, Ernst Kemritz, Hans

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Term Definition KEYSTONE refers to a group of Germans with some from Foreign Armies East and headed by Herman Baun immediately after the war. The KEYSTONE group merged with the BOLERO group (headed by Reinhard Gehlen) to form the Gehlen Organization with Gehlen as Chief. CIA Europe Division. Kampfgruppe gegen Unmenschlichkeit (KgU), or Fighting Group against Inhumanity. CAJERSEY (cryptonym). See DTLINEN. KIBITZ was Karlsruhe Base's program to develop a staybehind net in Germany (1949-53). Walter Kopp, Hans Rues, Eduard Woellner associated with Project. Anton Dukavits worked in Walter Kopp's net. Cryptonym for Walter Kopp. Cryptonym for Hans Rues. Cryptonym for Eduard Woellner. Cryptonym for Anton Dukavits. Gehlen Organization alias for Ulrich Kayser-Eichberg. Cryptonym for Zsolt Aradi. Gehlen Organization alias for Heinz Anders. V-14802, formerly V-19331 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). Cryptonym for Sergie Froehlich. Cryptonyms for Alarich Bross. CIA European Division personnel matters. Nippon Television Corporation. Matsutaro Shoriki associated with Project. US Army Assistant Chief of Staff for Intelligence. KMHITHER-C Project involved resistance and staybehind activities in West Germany. Viktor Ziegler associated with Project. US Air Force, Office of Special Investigations (USAF/OSI). Program for training agents. KMMANLY (1951-53) was originally designed to counter the actions of pacifist and neutralist groups in West Germany who were opposed to ratification of the contractual agreements. In practice KMMANLY sought to win support for the European Defense Community (EDC) in areas of veterans' affairs and military publishing. To achieve these aims, three publications were utilized under KMMANLY -- Die Deutsche Soldaten Zeitung (The German Soldiers' Newspaper, (DSZ)), Europaische Wehrkorrespondenz (European Defense Newsletter, (EWK)), Wehr Wissenschaftliche Rundschau (Military Science Journal, (WWR)). In addition KMMANLY supported the Gesellschaft fuer Wehrkunde (GfW), a military science study group composed of former high ranking German Army officers. Wilhelm Classen (PA), Eberhard Von Nostitz, Burghard Von Preussen, Felix Steiner associated with GfW part of Project. Josef Berschneider, Hans Iglhaut, Werner Strecker considered for possible use on KMMANLY. Bund Deutsche Jugend (BDJ) or League of German Youth, an organization in Project LCPROWL. Pseudonym for Richard M. Helms, who was DCI from 1966-73 and DDP from 1962-65. CIA Office of Policy Coordination (OPC). V-5450 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). CIA East Asia Division. OSS/SSU cryptonym for Georgs Gaston Kulikovskis. Considered for possible use on Project AEBLOSSOM. STMURAL-1 (cryptonym).

KEYSTONE KEYWAY KgU

KIBITZ KIBITZ-15 KIBITZ-16 KIBITZ-17 KIBITZ-201 KIEL, Ulrich KILKENNY KIRCHNER, Peter Klaus, Bruno KM-26 KM-64 KMBALL KMCASHIER KMCOCKY KMHITHER-C KMJUNKMAN KMKIMONO

KMMANLY KMPRUDE KNIGHT, Fletcher M. KNOBBY Knoll, Kurt KOBIRD KOCH Kocins, Rudolf Koenen, Hans

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Term Koerner, Horst Kollenyi, Gyorgy Definition V-14125 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). V-14411, V-17562 (Gehlen Organization V-Numbers). The Kopjas organization, organized by Andreas Zako in Hungary during WWII, was a special anti-Soviet combat intelligence group under the auspices of the SS and Arrow Cross whose mission was to infiltrate the Russian front to collect information and commit acts of sabotage. KIBITZ-15 (cryptonym). Associated with the KIBITZ staybehind program. Gehlen Organization alias for Edmund Krause. Gehlen Organization alias for Karl Joseph Feist. Gehlen Organization alias for Walter Kainz. Gehlen Organization alias for Siegfried Nickel. AECAPELIN-1, AEBATH-1, AEDOGMA-1, CAPELIN-1, PETROCLUS (cryptonyms). Associated with Projects BELLADONNA, AEDOGMA/AEBATH. V-13611 (formerly V9460.9) (Gehlen Organization V-Numbers). Principal Agent on Project HTOUTRIG. PETER (Belgian cryptonym). VENUS (cryptonym). Associated with VENUS Project. V-10721 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). Werner MILLER (Gehlen Organization alias). KORB (Gehlen Organization alias). Associated with Project DTLINEN. Gehlen Organization alias for Emil Augsburg. JG-4095 (cryptonym). Associated with Project DTBEYOND. V-8838 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). KRUG (Gehlen Organization alias). V-15769 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). Associated with LCPROWL/Apparat Project. Gehlen Organization alias for Friedrich Frank. DISTAFF-60 (cryptonym). Gehlen Organization alias for Wilhelm Krichbaum. ZIGZAG (OSS cryptonym). CANCAN (OSS/SSU/CIG cryptonym). Gehlen Organization alias for Walter Lueth. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). CIA Directorate of Science and Technology (DS&T). CIA Psychological and Paramilitary Operations Staff. CIA Deputy Director for Intelligence (DDI). CIA Technical Services Division. CIA Counterintelligence Center. CADINGY (cryptonym). CIA Deputy Director for Operations (DDO). LfV, which were the Field Offices of the BfV (West German Office for the Protection of the Constitution, Internal Security Service). CIA Foreign Intelligence Staff. CIA Psychological and Paramilitary Operations Staff. POSHARK (cryptonym). CIA Paramilitary Operations Staff. CIA Office of National Estimates. CIA Contact Division CIA Office of Scientific Intelligence (OSI). KOCH, CADRE (OSS/SSU cryptonyms). CIA Office of Political Analysis (OPA).

Kopjas Kopp, Walter KORB KORF, Fritz KORN KORTMANN

Korzhan, Michael Koszorus, Ferenc Kozma, Ferenc Krassowsky, Werner Krause, Edmund Krause, Heinrich Otto KRAUSS, Dr. Kretzschmar, Georg Krichbaum, Wilhelm Kroeger, Ernst Krombholz, Franz KRUEGER Krueger, Alfred Kurt KRUG Krull, Heinz Karl KRUSE, Otto KUBARK KUBASS KUCAGE KUCHAP KUCITY KUDESK Kudoke, Hans Joachim KUDOVE KUENAST KUFIRE KUGOWN Kuhara, Fusanosuke KUHOOK KUJAZZ KUJUMP KUKNOB Kulikovskis, Georgs Gaston KUMONK

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Term Definition JG-3721, AELUNG, AEPIONEER-6, AEJAMMER-8 (cryptonyms). Mario K. GIORDANO (pseudonym), Mr. A. CLAYTON (alias), Mr. W. CARLSON (alias). Associated with Projects LCHOMELY, AEBASIN, AEACRE, AEPIONEER, AEJAMMER, AEREALITY, AEROOT, AETARGET, AESCREEN, TPMURILLO. CIA Technical Services Division (TSD). V-7630 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). HOLGERS, Kurt WAGNER (Gehlen Organization alias). CAMBISTA-10 (cryptonym). Associated with AEQUOR Project. See also BNR. Center for CIA Security. CIA Foreign Intelligence Staff. Office of Strategic Services (OSS). CAUTERY-18 (cryptonym). Associated with CAUTERY Project. CIA Political and Psychological Staff. CIA Counterintelligence Center. TROY (OSS/SSU cryptonym). Cryptonym for Ugo Dadone. AESIDECAR-2 (cryptonym). Associated with AEBALCONY Project. Cryptonym for Wilhelm Dietrich. Gehlen Organization alias for Otto Somann. Alias for Janis Presnikovs. CAMISOLE, GULL (OSS/SSU/CIG cryptonyms). OSS cryptonym for Sergio Mainetto. Pseudonym for Gustav Hilger. Latvian Consultative Panel, which was renamed Latvian Freedom Committee of the National Committee for a Free Europe (NCFE), was headed by Vilis Hazners. Latvian Consultative Panel, which was renamed Latvian Freedom Committee of the National Committee for a Free Europe (NCFE), was headed by Vilis Hazners. CAMBARO-1, AECAMBARO-1, AEHAWKEYE-1 (cryptonyms). Cleveland O. HAHN, Louis G. GOLTEDGE, Raymond S. CHURGIN (pseudonyms). Associated with Projects AECOB, AEMARSH. Pseudonym for Constantine Mierlak. LCCASSOCK (1954-61) was a publishing and distribution company in West Berlin that produced and covertly distributed propaganda material for East Germans, providing them with Western-oriented information and harrassing, embarrassing and exposing officials and policies of the East German regime. Hans Lobbes, Karl Heinz Marbach (PA), Guenther Schmidt associated with Project. Cryptonym for Karl Heinz Marbach. Cryptonym for Hans Lobbes. CIA Office of General Counsel (OGC). Cryptonym for Scientific Detachment, 7955. Polygraph test. LCHARVEST (TPFAST, TPTERRY, VLVIGOR) involved operations against Peoples Republic of China (PRC) scientists and efforts to monitor PRC state technology. LCHOMELY involved operations out of Germany into Estonia. Aleks Kurgvel associated with Project. Information concerning Soviet intelligence services worldwide. Vienna, Austria.

Kurgvel, Aleks KURIOT Kurreck, Walter Kushel, Francis KUSODA KUTUBE KUTWIN Kutzler, Heinrich KUWOLF KUWRAP Kuznetsov, Josef LACERATOR Laipenieks, Edgars LANDSEER-10 LANGE, Otmar LAPSA Larionoff, Victor LARKSPUR LATTER, Arthur T.

Latvian Consultative Panel

Latvian Freedom Committee

Launags, Freds LAUNAIS, Philip E.

LCCASSOCK LCCASSOCK-1 LCCASSOCK-4 LCDATA LCFIREBOX LCFLUTTER

LCHARVEST LCHOMELY LCIMPROVE LCLEMUR

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Term LCLODE LCPAGAN Definition Cable indicator for communications. Tarantel news service in West Germany. LCPROWL Project (1950-53) in Germany involved anti-communist psychological warfare, accomplished by the BDJ (Bund Deutsche Jugend or League of German Youth) (KMPRUDE), and a staybehind organization that would conduct paramilitary/sabotage activities (LCPROWL BDJ Apparat) in the event of war. Alarich Bross, Friedrich Carstenn, Heinz Debrassine, Ulrich Gmelin, Karl Jobke, Franz Krombholz, Walter Menke, Hans Otto, Christian Schwarting, Eberhard Tellkamp, Helmut Vogt, Willi Weinsberg associated with Project. Bund Deutsche Jugend (BDJ) or League of German Youth, an organization in Project LCPROWL. KMPRUDE (cryptonym). ANTLER, AECASSOWARY-2, CARTEL-2 CASSOWARY-2, QRDYNAMIC-2 (cryptonyms). Associated with Projects BELLADONNA/TRIDENT, AERODYNAMIC (formerly CARTEL, ANDROGEN, AECARTHAGE), QRDYNAMIC/QRPLUMB (formerly AEBEEHIVE). V-14401 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). CADUCITY (cryptonym). Cryptonym for Tatsuo Aso. LfV were the Field Offices of the BfV (West German Office for the Protection of the Constitution, Internal Security Service). CAVATA, CAWHISPER, CAZAMIA, KUENAST (cryptonyms). East Germany. East German Intelligence Service. V-2026 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). Heinz ENGELHARDT, Heinz DERNBURG (Gehlen Organization aliases). Cryptonym for Erich Wender. AECHAMP-7, AEMANNER-7 (cryptonyms). Associated with AECHAMP Project. Cryptonym for Helmut Casemir. Alias for Arturs Brombergs. Gehlen Organization alias for Ludwig Pfahls. SS-5 (Otto Von Bolschwing's cryptonym for a member of his SS Net (Socialist Party Net) in Austria). AEBASIN-4 (cryptonym). Associated with Project AEBASIN. US Secret Service. National Security Agency (NSA). US Government. US Air Force (USAF). U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration. US Embassy, Legation, Consulate. US Department of Commerce. US Air Force, Office of Special Investigations (USAF/OSI). US Federal Bureau of Investigation. US Embassy, Legation, or Consulate. US Government. US Army. US Department of State. US Government. US Department of the Air Force. US Mission to the United Nations. US Government.

LCPROWL League of German Youth

Lebed, Mykola Ledwinke, Karl Lehmann, Fredrich Otto LFSALAD

LfV LHDEN LHGRAB Lienhard, Heinrich LILAC Lileikis, Alexandras LINCOLN LINDE, Arturs LINDEMANN, Peter Linhart, Ferdinand Lipping, Elmar LNBEET LNBRAN LNBUZZ LNCAST LNCOLLAR LNCUFF LNDROP LNEASE LNERGO LNFALL LNFORT LNGLUE LNGOLD LNHARP LNLEVY LNLOUP LNLUTE

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Term LNPACK LNPURE LNREAD LNSHOE LNSLED LNTONE LNTUBA LNTUCK LNVENT LNWILT LNYATE LNYUMA Lobbes, Hans LOHRMANN, Fritz Definition US Air Force (USAF). US Embassy, Legation, or Consulate. US Army. Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA). US Department of Defense (DoD). US Department of Justice. Cryptonym for US Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA). US Department of Navy. US Department of Treasury. US Army Counterintelligence Corps (US Army CIC). US Information Communications Agency (ICA). US Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS). CAUTERY-1, LCCASSOCK-4 (cryptonyms). Associated with CAUTERY and LCCASSOCK Projects. Gehlen Organization alias for Fritz Gustav Erdmann. ACROBAT, CAPARISON-3, CARTEL-3, CASSOWARY-4, AECASSOWARY-4, QRDYNAMIC-4 (cryptonyms). Associated with Projects BELLADONNA/TRIDENT, AERODYNAMIC (formerly CARTEL, ANDROGEN, AECARTHAGE), and QRDYNAMIC/QRPLUMB (formerly AEBEEHIVE). CAUTERY-8 (cryptonym). Paul BRUCKNER (alias). Associated with CAUTERY Project. Pseudonym for Nikolajs Balodis. CAUTERY-4, BESMIRCH-2, BECRIPPLE-2 (cryptonyms). Associated with Projects CAUTERY, BECRIPPLE, BESMIRCH. V-9245 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). Otto KRUSE (Gehlen Organization alias). Crytonynm for the 1985 search for Josef Mengele. Gehlen Organization alias for Joseph Schreieder. Considered for possible use on Project DTPILLAR. V-15050 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). URSU (Gehlen Organization alias). DEVILFISH, LARKSPUR, JK-44 (OSS cryptonyms). Associated with Plan CIRCLE. See also ONARMO. Gehlen Organization alias for Hermann Bickler. V-615 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). Alias for Hasan Dosti. OSS/SSU cryptonym for Heinz Schmalschlager. AEROOT-7, JG-6424, PL-535 (cryptonyms). Associated with Project AEROOT. WKORANGE-62 (cryptonym). CADRIER, LCCASSOCK-1 (cryptonyms). Associated with Project LCCASSOCK. TRAJAN, UJDRIFTER (cryptonyms). V-5300 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). CAPANEUS (cryptonym). Associated with BELLADONNA/TRIDENT Projects. Kenneth H. CALLENDER (pseudonym). Associated with the POND (1946-47) and FJMACHINE (1955-58). AEABYSS-1 (cryptonym). Associated with AEABYSS Project. CAUTERY-10 (cryptonym). Associated with Project CAUTERY. CAUTERY-3 (cryptonym). Associated with Project CAUTERY. Cryptonym for Ivan Docheff.

Lopatinsky, Yury Lottum, Andreas LOVETSKY, Boris Ludtke, Wilhelm Lueth, Walter LWCATCH MABUSE, Dr. Maeda, Minoru Mailat, Vasile Mainetto, Sergio MAIR Makowski, Ernst MALAMENT, Henry R. MALT Mandel, Romulus Mannil, Harry Marbach, Karl Heinz Margarit, Jon Mast, Heinrich Von Matviyeyko, Myron McCargar, James Mehnert, Walter Mellenthin, Elfina Mellenthin, Walter MEMACE

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Term Mende, Gerhard Von Mengele, Josef Menke, Walter Merk, Kurt Metzner, Alfred Meyer, Georg MfS MHABYSS Definition CAPRIFORM (cryptonym). See also Oestministerium. LWCATCH (cryptonym for 1985 search for Josef Mengele). JG-4796 (cryptonym). Associated with LCPROWL Apparat. V-12041 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). Walter PETERSON (Gehlen Organization alias). V-23411 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). CANNONADE, CLIP (OSS/SSU cryptonyms). Associated with SYBILLE Project. East German Ministry of State Security. Narcotics. Magyar Harcosok Bajtarsi Kozossege (MHBK), the League of Hungarian Veterans, was organized by Andreas Zako after WWII as a right-wing veterans group formed from the fascist elements of the Kopjas organization and with networks throughout Europe and the Americas. The MHBK had five branches in Austria alone and worked closely with French intelligence, which financed its efforts to gather intelligence in Hungary. West German Federal Government. Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR). Soviet Subversive Activities in Europe. Activities of hostile intelligence services against the US Government and other governments. Cable indicator for covert action propaganda. AEPRIMER-1, AEREADY-2 (cryptonyms). Philip E. LAUNAIS (pseudonym). Donald R. WAKILD (alias). Associated with Projects AEPRIMER and AEREADY. Gehlen Organization alias for Arwed Flegel. Gehlen Organization alias for Werner Krassowsky. Pseudonym for Boris Ragula. Technical Services unit in Frankfurt. CIA Technical Services Division (TSD). Fall MONOGRAM is the German cryptonym for double agent case involving Hans Erich Schoebel against the Czechs. EE-1 (Otto Von Bolschwing's cryptonym for a member of his EE Net (Catholic Church Connections) in Austria. V-3080 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). CAISSON-19 (cryptonym). V-1721 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). NETTKE (Gehlen Organization alias). ROBOT (OSS/SSU cryptonym). NADELWALD/UJKEVEL refers to the SATURN Program's West German escape and evasion teams. Josef Stigler associated with UJKEVEL Project. National Committee for Free Albania (NCFA). OBLIVIOUS (cryptonym). Hasan Dosti was President of NCFA (1949-54). National Committee for a Free Europe (NCFE). TPTONIC, QKIVORY (cryptonyms). Vilis Hazners was associated with the Latvian Consultative Panel, which was renamed Latvian Freedom Committee of the NCFE. Gustav Hennyey considered for possible use with NCFE. OSTRICH (OSS and British cryptonym). Gehlen Organization alias for Franz Mueller. CABATON-165 (cryptonym). Associated with CABATON Project. National Foreign Intelligence Board (NFIB). ODAGOG (cryptonym).

MHBK MHBRUSH MHHARSH MHNYMPH MHORDER MHSPAWN

Mierlak, Constantine MIGSCH, Hans Hermann MILLER, Werner MINSKY, Simeon MKNOVA MKTOPAZ MONOGRAM Montjoye-Vaufrey, Hugo Moritz, Kurt Mueller, Carl Heinz Mueller, Franz Mueller, Josef

NADELWALD NCFA

NCFE Nebel, Ludwig NETTKE Neugebauer, Erich NFIB

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Term Nickel, Siegfried NIETSCH Niznansky, Ladislav NOLTE, Erich

Definition V-7048 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). KORTMANN (Gehlen Organization alias). Gehlen Organization alias for Arwed Flegel. Associated with the Czech desk of Radio Free Europe (RFE). Gehlen Organization alias for Eberhard Non Nostitz. V-12899 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). Ernst KELLER, Erich NOLTE, JUSTIZIN (Gehlen Organization aliases). Associated with GfW part of Project KMMANLY and with the BND's STORCH staybehind program. Cryptonym for Tscherim Soobzokov. National Security Agency (NSA). LNBRAN, ODINCH (cryptonyms). National Alliance of Russian Solidarists (Narodno Trudovoi Soyuz (NTS)) reportedly was founded in the 1930s by Russian emigres with extreme rightest and anti-Semitic views and collaborated closely with the Nazis in Russia, providing local administrators, propagandists, and informants. The NTS rebuilt itself on purely anti-Communist grounds in 1945. After the war, the NTS has its own newspaper "Possev." CABOCHE-1, PDGIDEON, SHUBA 100 (cryptonyms for NTS). See AESAURUS, QKDROOP. US Department of State. US Government. US Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). US Embassy, Legation, or Consulate. US Department of State. US Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). US Department of State. US Embassy. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). OBDURATE (formerly OBSTACLE, Plan CHARITY) (1954-56), incorporated into OBLONG in 1956, exploited the intelligence potential of a significant Albanian migr group in Rome (Balli Kombetar). Xhaver Deva associated with Project. Infiltration missions into Albania via airdrops or overland to organize underground resistance, establish safe houses, collect operational intelligence, and to spread propaganda. These missions were associated with Project BGFIEND. OBLIVIOUS (1949-55), formerly HTNEIGH and part of OBOPUS/BGFIEND, provided support to National Committee for Free Albania (NCFA) as CIA's overt vehicle for political, psychological, paramilitary activities against Albania. Hasan Dosti associated with OBLIVIOUS. OBDURATE (formerly OBSTACLE, Plan CHARITY) (1954-56), incorporated into OBLONG in 1956, exploited the intelligence potential of a significant Albanian migr group in Rome (Balli Kombetar). Xhaver Deva associated with Project.

Nostitz, Eberhard Von NOSTRIL NSA

NTS NVABROAD NVBLAZON NVCANOPY NVENGRAM NVGIFT NVGROUP NVIDEA NVTERRACE NWBOLTON

OBDURATE

OBHUNT

OBLIVIOUS

OBLONG

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Term Definition OBOPUS (formerly BGFIEND) (1949-58) was initially a joint US-British covert action program designed to overthrow the Soviet dominated regime of Enver Hoxha in Albania and evolved into establishing and exploiting National Committee for Free Albania (NCFA), propaganda media, infiltration agents, and economic warfare. VALUABLE was the British Albanian plan. The file includes Country Plan for Albania (V. 1); Project Outline, Reviews, Termination (V. 2); OBLIVIOUS: NCFA (V. 3); BGFIEND/JBPARSON: Albanian Holding/Training Camp W. Germany (V. 4); BGFIEND RED Team (V. 5); BGFIEND APPLE Team (V. 6); BGFIEND WILLOW Team (V. 7); BGFIEND-VALUABLE Leaflet Drops (V. 8); OBTUSE: Propaganda Campaign (V. 9); OBTEST: Clandestine Radio Broadcasts (V. 10); OBHUNT & OBSIDIOUS: Infiltration Missions (V. 11); BGSPEED: Vessel for Offshore Propaganda Missions (V. 12); BGFIEND Operations (V. 13-30); Photographs (V. 31). Hasan Dosti associated with OBLIVIOUS (part of OBOPUS). Xhaver Deva Principal Agent (PA) on BGFIEND. Destan Berisha, Ahmet Kabashi, Shaqir Kabashi associated with BGFIEND. Infiltration missions into Albania via airdrops or overland to organize underground resistance, establish safe houses, collect operational intelligence, and to spread propaganda. These missions were associated with Project BGFIEND. OBDURATE (formerly OBSTACLE, Plan CHARITY) (1954-56), incorporated into OBLONG in 1956, exploited the intelligence potential of a significant Albanian migr group in Rome (Balli Kombetar). Xhaver Deva associated with Project. Clandestine radio broadcasts into Albania and associated with Project BGFIEND. Propaganda campaign against Albania, which included distribution of leaflets, printed matter, and a small quantity of consumer goods via overflights and a limited mail campaign. This propaganda campaign was associated with Project BGFIEND. US Department of State. National Foreign Intelligence Board (NFIB). US National Security Council. US Department of Energy. US Department of Defense. US Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). Gehlen Organization. US Army. National Security Agency (NSA). US Department of Navy. US Army Counterintelligence Corps. US Air Force. US Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS). US Agency for International Development. US Government. V-11728 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). RANKE, ROPP (Gehlen Organization aliases). Oestministerium was the German Ministry for the Eastern Occupied Territories, headed by Alfred Rosenberg and collaborated with the SS beginning 1943. During WWII, Gerhard Von Mende and Stanislaw Stankiewicz associated with the Oestministerium.

OBOPUS

OBSIDIOUS

OBSTACLE OBTEST

OBTUSE ODACID ODAGOG ODAPSE ODAXLE ODEARL ODENVY ODEUM ODIBEX ODINCH ODOATH ODOPAL ODUNIT ODURGE ODWIFE ODYOKE Oebsger-Roeder, Rudolf

Oestministerium

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Term Definition V-7500 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). Dr. Emmerich SCHAEFFER, Dr. Oskar ECKERT, DOKTOR, Dr. SCHREITER (Gehlen Organization aliases). Gehlen Organization. POCAPON (cryptonym). CIA Office of Special Operations (OSO). V-2616 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). Pseudonym for Edvins Ozolins. V-7902 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). Heinrich ALLMANN, Erich PONS (Gehlen Organization aliases). ONARMO (Opera Nazionale Assistionza Religiosa Morale Operai) was an organization in Rome that sponsored illegal immigration to Spain and South America. The Rome Office of the International Red Cross was staffed with a large number of German sympathizers who were facilitating the immmigration of Germans to South America. ONARMO also appeared to have the blessing of the Vatican. Sergio Mainetto was recruited by US Army CIC to penetrate ONARMO. This operation (Plan CIRCLE) was directed by the US Army CIC during 1946-48. CIA was given access to the information obtained in this operation. Schematic diagrams of BND agent nets. Pseudonym for General Charles P. Cabell when he was DDCI. AECASSOWARY-27, CASSOWARY-27, JG-5817, PL-497 (cryptonyms). Associated with Projects BOULDER, AERODYNAMIC, and QRDYNAMIC. US Air Force, Office of Special Investigations (USAF/OSI). LNEASE (cryptonym). Alias for Arturs Stankevics. Office of Strategic Services (OSS). KUTWIN, WOHIVE, ZACAMBRIC (cryptonyms). Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and its predecessor organizations are Coordinator of Information (COI), 11 Jul. 1941 - 12 Jun. 1942; Office of Strategic Services (OSS), 13 Jun. 1942 - 1 Oct. 1945; Strategic Services Unit (SSU), 27 Sep. 1945 - 19 Oct. 1946; Central Intelligence Group (CIG), 22 Jan. 1946 - 18 Sep. 1947; and Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 25 Sep. 1947. Gehlen Organization alias for Hans Handrack. OSS and British cryptonym for Ludwig Nebel. AETOMAC-2 (cryptonym). See also BZR/BCR. V-2837 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). Guenther HOLM (Gehlen Organization alias). JG-6734 (cryptonym). Associated with LCPROWL Apparat Project. Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN). AECAVATINA, CAVATINA (cryptonyms). The OUN, which was formed before WWII to achieve an independent Ukrainian state, accepted violence as a political tool against enemies of its cause and was in the business of assassination and terror. After the invasion of Poland (1939), the OUN collaborated with Germany against the Poles and, later, against the Soviet Union. In 1940, the OUN divided into two competing factions -- the larger faction OUN-B (headed by Stefan Bandera) and the smaller faction OUN-M (headed by Andre Melnik). Both OUN factions created their own special forces units, named "Rolland" and "Nachtigall." Bandera faction of Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN-B). AECAVATINA-6, CAVATINA-6 (cryptonyms).

Offczarek, Emmerich OFFSPRING Ogata, Taketora OGIVE Ohlbrecht, Helmut OKOLO, Herberts Olbrueck, Erich

ONARMO OPTIC ORDWAY, William F.

Ortinskiy, Lyubomir OSI OSKARS

OSS OSTERREICH, Rolf OSTRICH Ostrowsky, Radislaw Otten, Walter Otto, Hans

OUN OUN-B

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Term

Definition AECAMUSO-2, CAMUSO-2, JG-5397, TIBETAN-6 (cryptonyms). Herberts OKOLO (pseudonym). Associated with Projects AECOB/ZRLYNCH, CALAND. AECOB-8 (cryptonym). Associated with Project AECOB. Considered for possible use on AECOB Project. FIDO (OSS/SSU cryptonym). CARETINA (cryptonym). TEJA (BND cryptonym). Fall PANOPTIKUM is the cryptonym for the German double agent case involving Friederich Busch against the KGB. V-1150 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). Heinz PAULSEN (Gehlen Organization alias). UJNUTLET (CIA cryptonym during the time the Germans ran him as a double agent against the Soviets). DEPTHLESS-4, UJDRUID (cryptonyms). DoD project that brought German and Austrian scientists to the U.S. after WWII ROHR (Gehlen Organization alias). Gehlen Organization alias for Ernst Worm. PASTIME (1948-52) was Berlin Base's staybehind program, including trained W/T operators, agents, cutouts, and informants prepared for activation in the event of hostilities. PASTIME used some of the same people as the KIBITZ staybehind program. Gehlen Organization alias for Otto Hoffmann. Gehlen Organization alias for Friedrich Panzinger. Gehlen Organization alias for Willy Heinrich Friede. Cryptonym for the American Committee for the Liberation of the Peoples of Russia (AMCOMLIB), which is a part of Project QKACTIVE. Cable indicator for CIA Office of Current Intelligence (OCI) material. Der Telegraf, a major West German daily newspaper. Cryptonym for the Munich Office of the American Committee for the Liberation of Peoples of Russia (AMCOMLIB), which is a part of Project QKACTIVE. Lithuania. United States. G-2 US Army Europe (G-2 USAREUR) plan for staybehind in former American zone. PBSTEAM (formerly EUCHRE, later AEFORD) (1948-50) provided the services, experience, and backgound of a Russian specialist, Gustav Hilger, for not only CIA but also other U.S. Government agencies. US Embassy, Legation, or Consulate. Cryptonym for National Alliance of Russian Solidarists (Narodno Trudovoi Soyuz (NTS)), which reportedly was founded in the 1930s by Russian emigres with extreme rightest and anti-Semitic views and collaborated closely with the Nazis in Russia, providing local administrators, propagandists, and informants. The NTS rebuilt itself on purely anti-Communist grounds in 1945. After the war, the NTS has its own newspaper "Possev." See AESAURUS, QKDROOP. Cryptonym for Drostamat Kanayan.

Ozolins, Edvins Ozolins, Janis Ozols, Janis Pankevich, Miron Pannwitz, Heinz PANOPTIKUM

Panzinger, Friedrich Papanace, Constantine PAPERCLIP Parilli, Luigi PARKER

PASTIME PAUL PAULSEN, Heinz PAX, Frank PBAFFIRM PBBAND PBBLOOM

PBCHORD PBCHUTE PBPRIME PBRAMPART

PBSTEAM PBSWING

PDGIDEON PELOPS

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Term Definition The United States Escapee Program (USEP) or President's Escapee Program (PEP) was established in 1952 to assist escapees from the Soviet Bloc (nationals from Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Albania, Bulgaria, the Baltic States, or the USSR) fleeing from persecution and despair to countries of asylum in Europe. The Department of State, Foreign Operations Administration, had the responsibility of implementing this program, which assisted the escapees to get settled in the western world. CIA cryptonym for German double agent case involving Hans Erich Schoebel against the Czechs. Perkonkrusts (Thundercross or Swastika League) was a radical nationalist movement in Latvia that was not only anti-Semitic, but their racial attitudes were all inclusive toward any Latvian minority. Belgian cryptonym for Ferenc Kozma. Alias for ILmars Rupners. Gehlen Organization alias for Kurt Merk. Cryptonym for Michael Korzhan. V-7915 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). Ludwig PILZ, Ludwig HOEFNER, Peter LINDEMANN (Gehlen Organization aliases). CC-13 (Otto Von Bolschwing's cryptonym for a member of his CC Net in Austria). AECAVATINA-5, CAVATINA-5 (cryptonyms). Alias for Asher Ben-Nathan. Gehlen Organization alias for Ludwig Pfahls. Defector Project. Positive Intelligence Recruitment Lead (PIRL). Cryptonym for Michael Rudko. Cryptonym for Lyubomir Ortinskiy. Cryptonym for Stephan Horak. Cryptonym for Romulus Mandel. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). CIA Directorate of Intelligence. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). Cryptonym for Tsunezo Wachi. Yomiuri newspaper, Japan. Cryptonym for Taketora Ogata. Free Japan Broadcast Productions. Cryptonym for Matsutaro Shoriki. National Police Agency, Japan. CIA Station. Cryptonym for Matsutaro Shoriki. Cryptonym for Eiichi Tatsumi. Cabinet Research Chamber (CRC) of the Japanese Government. CARRIAGE, LCFLUTTER, and SGSWIRL (cryptonyms). Cryptonym for Kurt Reichert.

PEP PEPPERMILL

Perkonkrusts PETER PETERIS PETERSON, Walter PETROCLUS Pfahls, Ludwig Pfaundler, Wolfgand Von Pidhainy, Bohdan PIER, Arthur PILZ, Ludwig PIPELINE PIRL PL-489 PL-497 PL-507 PL-535 PNEXCEL PNINFINITE PNJEWEL PNORACLE PNPEAK PNRADIUS PNREADY PNVALUE PNWORLD POAIM-12 POBULK POCAPON PODALTON PODAM PODAUB PODIVA POJACKPOT-1 POLESTAR-5 POLUNATE Polygraph Test POMONA

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Term Definition GROUNDHOG was cryptonym for the POND organization headed by John V. Grombach. The POND, a codename at State Department for an intelligence operation founded in WWII, was conducted jointly by the War and State Departments. One Foreign Service Officer (FSO) in each US Embassy (in the countries covered by the POND) was the POND officer and was provided with secret funds under his control and secret communications direct to the Department. James McCargar was FSO in Budapest (1946-47) and was also the POND officer in Hungary at that time. TOPHOLE (cryptonym). Kurt Ponger, a U.S. Army officer during WWII, interrogated war crimes suspects and witnesses at Nuremberg after the war. In 1949, he was recruited by Soviets and he recruited Otto Verber, who was also a U.S. Army officer during WWII. In 1953, Ponger and Verber were arrested by U.S. military authorities and convicted of espionage. Gehlen Organization alias for Erich Olbrueck. Alias for Destan Berisha. CIA penetration of the GRU in East Germany. Professor Karl BERGSTROM (pseudonym). Cryptonym for Fusanosuke Kuhara. Cryptonym for Okinori Kaya. Newspaper published by NTS (National Alliance of Russian Solidarists) after the war. Otto Von Bolschwing's cryptonym for Johann Angerer as a member of his PP Net (Austrian Police and a counterintelligence network) in Austria. Cryptonym for NKVD Captain FNU Skurin. The United States Escapee Program (USEP) or President's Escapee Program (PEP) was established in 1952 to assist escapees from the Soviet Bloc (nationals from Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Albania, Bulgaria, the Baltic States, or the USSR) fleeing from persecution and despair to countries of asylum in Europe. The Department of State, Foreign Operations Administration, had the responsibility of implementing this program, which assisted the escapees to get settled in the western world. AECOB-6 (cryptonym). LAPSA (alias). Associated with Project AECOB. Albert RUHLAND (Gehlen Organization alias). Associated with GfW part of Project KMMANLY. SS-3 (Otto Von Bolschwing's cryptonym for a member of his SS Net (Socialist Party Net) in Austria). OSS/SSU cryptonym for Sergie Froelich. V-3015 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). Alfred BAUER (Gehlen Organization alias). Hildegard Purwin, widowed Blum, divorced Beetz, nee Burkhardt. Cryptonym for West German Foreign Intelligence Service (BND). QKACTIVE (1951-71), operating through a proprietary cover organization (American Committee for the Liberation of the People of the USSR (AMCOMLIB) (PBAFFIRM)), sought to conduct overt anti-Soviet activities to weaken the Soviet regime and thereby reduce its threat to world security through radio broadcasts (Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberty), the Institute for the Study of the USSR (BGCALLUS) Chaired by Stanislaw Stankiewicz, and published articles and books. Karl Toennies considered for possible use on Project QKACTIVE. See also PBCHORD.

POND

Ponger-Verber Espionage Case PONS, Erich POPOV, Anton Popov, Lt. Col. Petr S. Poppe, Nikolai POSHARK POSONNET-1 Possev PP-5 PREGNANT

President's Escapee Program (PEP) Presnikovs, Janis Pretzell, Ernst Preussen, Burghard Von Probst, Otto PRUNE Puchta, Adolf Purwin, Hildegard QAFEAT

QKACTIVE

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Term Definition QKBROIL (1951-54), which was superceded by Project SHELLFIRE in 1954, was a program to encourage the Rumanian people to resist communism; to establish a clandestine underground in Rumania to hamper Soviet/satellite military operations and to serve as a nucleus for wartime resistance; to undermine the political, economic, and military structure of communist Rumania; to develop a National Committee for a Free Europe (NCFE) Political Center (Rumanian National Refugee Organization) as cover for overt activities and a covert operational support arm for OPC operations. Nicolae Radescu associated with Project. US Government. Baltic States. QKDEMON (formerly UMPIRE, EDUCATOR) (1949-50) was a psychological warfare project and provided the production and dissemination of covert propaganda against the Soviet Union and its satellites using radio broadcasts and printed material. Hildegard Beetz associated with Project. QKDROOP (1950-52) provided funds, material support, and operational guidance to the National Alliance of Solidarists (NTS or Natsionalny Trudovoi Soyuz), an anti-Soviet emigre organization which was actively engaged in clandestine activities against the Soviet regime and Soviet occupation forces in Germany and Austria During WWII, the NTS was a Nazi-related propaganda organization. See also AESAURUS/AENOBLE. West German Social Democratic Party (SPD). CADROIT (formerly TPEMBER) (1949-55) subsidized and guided the Investigative Committee of Free Jurists (Untersuchungsausschuss freiheitlicher Juristen (UfJ)), which developed from one person as the head of a notional committee in West Berlin to an active organization with a West Berlin Headquarters staff of 75 and about 2,000 East German covert contacts, many from the legal profession and/or East German government. The UfJ, with CIA assistance, conducted extensive propaganda campaigns in East Germany, based mainly on information from East German informants, to expose illegal actions, breaches of justice, and acts of inhumanity committed and tolerated by authorities in East Germany. An outgrowth of the UfJ-sponsored International Congress of Jurists in Berlin (1952) was the establishment of the International Commission of Jurists in The Hague, which was supported by CIA under Project QKFEARFUL. CADROIT also included CADROWN (1952-55), a paramilitary organization established in East Germany for wartime use. Helmut Casemir associated with Project CADROIT. LCPROWL Project Team at Station in Germany. US Information Communications Agency (ICA). TPTONIC (formerly QKIVORY) refers to National Committee for a Free Europe (NCFE) and its subcommittees. Vilis Janums associated with TPTONIC. US Army Military Intelligence Division. Deutsche Soldaten Zeitung (DSZ), German Soldiers Newspaper. See KMMANLY. QKSNITCH (Gesellschaft fuer Wehrkunde (GfW)) under Project KMMANLY was a study group of former high ranking German Army officers that was created by OPC in 1952 and terminated in 1953. Wilhelm Classen, Eberhard Von Nostitz, Burghard Von Preussen, Felix Steiner associated with Project.

QKBROIL QKCIGAR QKCOAST

QKDEMON

QKDROOP QKELUSION

QKFEARFUL QKFENCE QKFLOWAGE

QKIVORY QKJOLLIER QKNAGNAG

QKSNITCH

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Term

Definition BGCONVOY (formerly QKSTAIR) (1950-55) was the basic political and psychological (PP) and paramilitary (PM) program against Bulgaria with the objective of conducting psychological warfare (PW) operations against the Bulgarian regime and establishing in the country resistance organizations capable of PM activity of various types. BGCONVOY also provided for the development and exploitation of the Principal Agent, Ivan Docheff, who was leader of the Bulgarian National Front, and the newspaper published by the group. QRDYNAMIC/QRPLUMB (formerly AEBEEHIVE) (1970-91) superceded Project AERODYNAMIC and supported the Ukrainian migr organization ZP / UHVR (Ukrainian Supreme Liberation Council) with a New York publishing arm called Prolog Research Corporation (QRTENURE, AETENURE) and a Munich Office, Ukrainian Society for Foreign Studies (QRTERRACE, AETERRACE), publisher of the monthly journal Suchasnist. CIA terminated QRPLUMB after the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1991 and provided funds to enable Prolog to transition to a privately-funded company. In 1992, Prolog's monthly Ukrainian journal Suchasnist (Contemporary Times) was successfully transitioned to a publishing company in Kiev, Ukraine and thereafter was published as a collaborative effort between Prolog and a Ukrainian group in Kiev. Ivan Hrinioch, Mykola Lebed, Yury Lopatinsky, Lyubomir Ortinskiy associated with Project. Cryptonym for Ukrainian migr organization, ZP/UHVR, Foreign Representation of the Ukrainian Supreme Liberation Council. Cryptonym for Mykola Lebed. Cryptonym for Ivan Hrinioch. QRDYNAMIC/QRPLUMB (formerly AEBEEHIVE) (1970-91) superceded Project AERODYNAMIC and supported the Ukrainian migr organization ZP / UHVR (Ukrainian Supreme Liberation Council) with a New York publishing arm called Prolog Research Corporation (QRTENURE, AETENURE) and a Munich Office, Ukrainian Society for Foreign Studies (QRTERRACE, AETERRACE), publisher of the monthly journal Suchasnist. CIA terminated QRPLUMB after the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1991 and provided funds to enable Prolog to transition to a privately-funded company. In 1992, Prolog's monthly Ukrainian journal Suchasnist (Contemporary Times) was successfully transitioned to a publishing company in Kiev, Ukraine and thereafter was published as a collaborative effort between Prolog and a Ukrainian group in Kiev. Ivan Hrinioch, Mykola Lebed, Yury Lopatinsky, Lyubomir Ortinskiy associated with Project. Prolog Research Corporation, the New York publishing arm of Project QRPLUMB. Ukrainian Society for Foreign Studies, which was the Munich office of QRPLUMB and published the monthly journal Suchasnist. Fiol Bartolome ROSELLO (alias). Associated with Project QKBROIL.

QKSTAIR

QRDYNAMIC QRDYNAMIC-1 QRDYNAMIC-2 QRDYNAMIC-3

QRPLUMB QRTENURE QRTERRACE Rademacher, Franz Radescu, Nicolae

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Term

Definition AESAURUS / AENOBLE (initially AEROSOL, renamed AEGIDEON / AENOBLE in 1958) operation (1950-61) maintained communications with agents of the National Alliance of Russian Solidarists (Narodno Trudovoi Soyuz or NTS (CABOCHE-1, PDGIDEON, SHUBA-100)). NTS was founded in 1930s by Russian emigres with extreme rightest and anti-Semitic views and collaborated closely with the Nazis in Russia, providing local administrators, propagandists, and informants. NTS rebuilt itself in 1945 as an anti-Soviet migr organization inside the USSR and with its own newspaper "Possev." This project sought the development and exploitation of NTS agents as longterm hot war assets and as sources of operational positive and psychological intelligence. The Project included Operation CARCASS, training/dispatch into USSR of agents to organize resistance groups and collect FI; Operation SPAIN to establish NTS groups in US zone/Germany and Austria against Soviet occupation forces through propaganda, defection, resistance, and collecting FI; Operation RADIO to establish a mobile covert radio operated by NTS for propaganda into East Zone. See also QKDROOP. Cryptonym for Leonid Tschoudnowsky. AECAMBISTA-2, CAMBISTA-2 (cryptonyms). Simeon MINSKY (pseudonym). BNR's Operations Chief and BNR's interim delegate to AMCOMLIB. Associated with Project AEQUOR. Ranica (The Morning) was a pro-Nazi Byelorussian newspaper sponsored by the Oestministerium (German Ministry for the Eastern Occupied Territories). During 1944-45, Stanislaw Stankiewicz was editor of Ranica. Gehlen Organization alias for Rudolf Oebsger-Roeder. AEPOLE-5 (cryptonym). Everett M. GHORMLEY (pseudonym). Associated with Project AEPOLE. V-58 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). Fritz ROEMER (Gehlen Organization alias). Operations involving the illegal return of defectors and emigres to USSR as agents. CIA Soviet Division. REDCAP (1951-65) was the planned collection of information on Soviet personnel stationed abroad for the purpose of operational exploitation, including defection inducement. Sergie Shebalin associated with Project. CIA Soviet Division. CIA Soviet Division. Operations involving legal methods of placing, recruiting, and communicating with agents within the USSR. Operations involving the illegal return of defectors and emigres to USSR as agents. CIA Soviet Division. Action indicator for information for CIA Soviet Division. Returnee Exploitation Group (REG), the reception, exploitation, and resettlement of German and Austrian scientists and technicians who have returned from work in the USSR. TPENTITLE (cryptonym). CAISSON-10 (cryptonym). CALESA-1, POMONA (OSS/SSU cryptonyms).

RADIO Operation RADISH

Ragula, Major Boris

Ranica RANKE Rastikis, Stasys Rauch, Fritz REDBIRD REDBLOCK

REDCAP REDCOAT REDLEG REDSKIN REDSOX REDTOP REDWOOD

REG Regen, Erwin Reichert, Kurt

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Term Definition UJDRYROT (cryptonym for Oskar Reihle during the time that Heinz Felfe and Hans Clemens (both arrested for espionage in 1961) were under investigation as alleged KGB penetrations of Gehlen/BND. Reihle was associated with Felfe and Clemens). RISCHKE (Gehlen Organization alias). V-2629 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). Arthur REITER (Gehlen Organization alias). Gehlen Organization alias for Arthur Reiss. Radio Free Europe (RFE). Ladislav Niznansky (Czech desk) and Assen Tzankoff (RFE Paris) associated with Project. Gehlen Organization alias for Andreas Haderlein. CAMUSO-1, JG-5394 (cryptonyms). Igor A. FELDMAN (pseudonym). Associated with Project AECOB/ZRLYNCH. Cryptonym for Karl Geist. Gehlen Organization alias for Oskar Reihle. Cryptonym (1957) for Adolf Heusinger. Cryptonyms for Alarich Bross. Cryptonym for Arturs Brombergs. Cryptonym for Wilhelm Classen. Cryptonym for Josef Mueller. Gehlen Organization alias for Fritz Rauch. Gehlen Organization purchase of "garbage" from Josef Urban. Gehlen Organization alias for Luigi Parilli. Gehlen Organization alias for Rudolf Oebsger-Roeder. Alias for Franz Rademacher. Pseudonym for Arno Scholz. V-14410 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). Reich Main Security Office (RSHA). Cryptonym for Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). AEBOLSTER-1, JG-5809, PL-489 (cryptonyms). KIBITZ-16 (cryptonym). Associated with KIBITZ Project. Gehlen Organization alias for Ernst Pretzell. AECOB-5 (cryptonym). Associated with Project AECOB/ZRLYNCH. AECOB-4 (cryptonym). PETERIS (alias). Associated with Project AECOB. Gehlen Organization. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). Cable indicator for sensitivity of information. Gehlen Organization alias for Hans Sommer. CAUTERY-2 (cryptonym). Associated with CAUTERY Project. CABANJO (cryptonym when he was Liaison Contact at the BKA). V-5850 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). Hans FRANKE, Hermann BORCHERS (Gehlen Organization aliases). OSS Cryptonym for Zsolt Aradi. Rote Kapelle alias for Friedrich Berger. SATURN (1949-61) was Gehlen Organization's (and later BND's) staybehind program for East/West Germany, and included UJLENTIL (STORCH, AFU Program, FOX, WIESEL) and NADELWALD/UJKEVEL. SATURN referenced in KIBITZ file. Gehlen Organization alias for Hans Sommer. Cryptonym (late 1940s) for Hans Kemritz. Gehlen Organization alias for Walter Kainz. Gehlen Organization alias for Emmerich Offczarek.

Reihle, Oskar Reiser, Heinrich Josef Reiss, Arthur REITER, Arthur RFE RICHTER, Albert Riekstins, Alfreds RINGWALD-1 RISCHKE RNMELLATE RNMOOSEY RNPILLOW RNSPLUNT ROBOT ROEMER, Fritz ROESSELSPRUNG ROHR ROPP ROSELLO, Fiol Bartolome ROSSON, Daniel K. Roth, Georg RSHA RTACTION Rudko, Michael Rues, Hans RUHLAND, Albert Rungis, Peteris Rupners, ILmars RUSTY RVROCK RYBAT SAENGER, Heinrich Saevecke, Theo Sander, Hans SARAZEN SARTORIUS, Friedrich Von

SATURN SAUER, Herbert SAVOY SCHADE, Walter SCHAEFFER, Dr. Emmerich

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Term SCHAUTH, Heinz Scheidt, Hans

Definition Gehlen Organization alias for Heinz Anders. GORDON (Gehlen Organization alias). MALT (OSS/SSU Cryptonym). HELLER (OSS/SSU alias). AVOCET, CANDIDA (CIA cryptonyms). V-67 (formerly V-91) (Gehlen Organization VNumber). Gehlen Organization alias for Hermann Bickler. Associated with LCCASSOCK Project. V-7501 (Gehlen Organization V-Nymber). SYDOW (Gehlen Organization alias). Dr. SCHNEIDERHAN (Gehlen Organization alias). Alias for Reinhard Gehlen. Gehlen Organization alias for Hans Schmitz. GRAM (Gehlen Organization alias). Fall MONOGRAM (German cryptonym, German double agent case against the Czechs). PEPPERMILL (CIA cryptonym, German double agent case against the Czechs). CAMLET-1 (cryptonym). Daniel K. ROSSON (pseudonym). Associated with Project TPOASIS. V-7627 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). Heinz BAUER, Dr. MABUSE (Gehlen Organization aliases). CABOLT (CIA cryptonym when he was Liaison Contact at LfV). Gehlen Organization alias for Emmerich Offczarek. CAVATA-16, CAWHISPER-16 (cryptonyms when he was Liaison Contact at the BfV). Gehlen Organization alias for Hans Carl Schumacher. V-2978 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). SCHUSTER (Gehlen Organization alias). EE-4 (Otto Von Bolschwing's cryptonym for a member of his EE Net (Catholic Church Connections) in Austria) . GRANOLITE-10, GRCAMERA (cryptonyms). V-7025 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). Hans SCHUBERT (Gehlen Organization alias). Gehlen Organization alias for Carl Schuetz. JG-6628 (cryptonym). Associated with LCPROWL Apparat. V-2952 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). FLUSH (OSS cryptonym). CAMERA (OSS/SSU cryptonym). CAFILA (cryptonym). Gerhard Von Schwerin was Konrad Adenauer's military advisor. CAFIGHT-2, CAHELM-1, CASUSTAIN-5 (cryptonyms). Associated with CAFIGHT, CAHELM, CASUSTAIN Projects. V-2730 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). Gehlen Organization alias for Otto Somann. Gehlen Organization alias for Hans Sommer. Germany. Munich Headquarters. Polygraph test. CATARATA, CACHINO-4, GRALLSPICE (cryptonyms). Rostislav ANTONOV (pseudonym). Associated with Project REDCAP.

Schmalschlager, Heinz SCHMIDT Schmidt, Guenther Schmidt, Martin Schmitz, Hans SCHNEIDER, Dr. SCHNEIDERHAN, Dr.

Schoebel, Hans Erich Scholz, Arno

Schreieder, Joseph SCHREITER, Dr. Schruebbers, Hubert SCHUBERT, Hans Schuetz, Carl

Schulmeister, Otto Schumacher, Hans Carl SCHUSTER Schwarting, Christian Schwarzwaeller, Ernst Schwend, Fritz Schwerin, Gerhard Von Seebode, Hans Waldemar Seibold, Fritz SEIDEMANN, Otmar SENNER, Heinrich SGCIDER SGHOLDEN SGSWIRL Shebalin, Sergie

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Term

Definition QKBROIL (1951-54), which was superceded by Project SHELLFIRE in 1954, was a program to encourage the Rumanian people to resist communism; to establish a clandestine underground in Rumania to hamper Soviet/satellite military operations and to serve as a nucleus for wartime resistance; to undermine the political, economic, and military structure of communist Rumania; to develop a political center (part of NCFE) called the Rumanian National Refugee Organization as cover for overt activities and a covert operational support arm for OPC operations. Nicolae Radescu associated with Project. POJACKPOT-1 and PODAM (cryptonyms). Associated with KMCASHIER Project. A newspaper published by the National Committee for Free Albania. Cryptonym for National Alliance of Russian Solidarists (Narodno Trudovoi Soyuz (NTS)), which reportedly was founded in the 1930s by Russian emigres with extreme rightest and anti-Semitic views and collaborated closely with the Nazis in Russia, providing local administrators, propagandists, and informants. The NTS rebuilt itself on purely anti-Communist grounds in 1945. After the war, the NTS has its own newspaper "Possev." See AESAURUS, QKDROOP. OSS Secret Intelligence Branch. BELVEDERE-6B (cryptonym). Gehlen Organization alias for Wolfgang Steinbichl. FALLIBLE (cryptonym). Considered for possible use on DTLINEN Project. Considered for possible use on Project AECHAMP. PREGNANT (cryptonym). OSS/SSU/CIG/CIA cryptonym for Georg Gerebkov. AECAPELIN-2, CAPELIN-2 (cryptonyms). Canadian Department of External Affairs. Royal Canadian Mounted Police. Royal Canadian Mounted Police, Security and Intelligence. Canada. British Liaison Office. British Military Intelligence. British Intelligence Service (BIS). British Intelligence Service (BIS). V-2950 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). Otmar LANGE, Otmar SEIDEMANN (Gehlen Organization aliases). V-2857 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). Heinrich SAENGER, Herbert SAUER, Heinrich SENNER (Gehlen Organization aliases). Council of Liberation of the Peoples of Russia, an anticommunist front formed in Europe in 1951. NOSTRIL (cryptonym). George A. BALLACH (alias). Kenneth W. DESNEW (pseudonym). Associated with AEACRE, AEASTER, AEDEPOT (formerly AEREADY) Projects. Considered for possible use on Project AEBLOSSOM.

SHELLFIRE Shoriki, Matsutaro Shqiperia

SHUBA-100 SI Silberberg, Otto Anton SILL, Dr. Sima, Horia Sivers, Erich Von Skaistlauks, ILgvars Skurin, Captain FNU SLOTH Slymakovsky, Volodymyr Bohdan SMABET SMABLE SMABOVE SMADD SMEDDUM SMOOTHER SMOTH SMYOPIA Somann, Hans Sommer, Hans SONR

Soobzokov, Tscherim Spade, Juris

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Term Definition AESAURUS / AENOBLE (initially AEROSOL, renamed AEGIDEON / AENOBLE in 1958) operation (1950-61) maintained communications with agents of the National Alliance of Russian Solidarists (Narodno Trudovoi Soyuz or NTS (CABOCHE-1, PDGIDEON, SHUBA-100)). NTS was founded in 1930s by Russian emigres with extreme rightest and anti-Semitic views and collaborated closely with the Nazis in Russia, providing local administrators, propagandists, and informants. NTS rebuilt itself in 1945 as an anti-Soviet migr organization inside the USSR and with its own newspaper "Possev." This project sought the development and exploitation of NTS agents as longterm hot war assets and as sources of operational positive and psychological intelligence. The Project included Operation CARCASS, training/dispatch into USSR of agents to organize resistance groups and collect FI; Operation SPAIN to establish NTS groups in US zone/Germany and Austria against Soviet occupation forces through propaganda, defection, resistance, and collecting FI; Operation RADIO to establish a mobile covert radio operated by NTS for propaganda into East Zone. See also QKDROOP. West German Social Democratic Party (SPD). CABAKER, QKELUSION (cryptonyms). CANZONET, TARBABY (cryptonyms). Used by the Office of Strategic Services (OSS) in 1945 on their investigation of the RSHA (Reich Main Security Office) Financial Operation. CAMEL (OSS/SSU cryptonym). Otto Von Bolschwing's cryptonym for Otto Probst as a member of his SS Net (Socialist Party Net) in Austria. Otto Von Bolschwing's cryptonym for Ferdinand Linhart as a member of his SS Net (Socialist Party Net) in Austria. Otto Von Bolschwing's cryptonym for Rupert Zechtl as a member of his SS Net (Socialist Party Net) in Austria. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and its predecessor organizations are Coordinator of Information (COI), 11 Jul. 1941 - 12 Jun. 1942; Office of Strategic Services (OSS), 13 Jun. 1942 - 1 Oct. 1945; Strategic Services Unit (SSU), 27 Sep. 1945 - 19 Oct. 1946; Central Intelligence Group (CIG), 22 Jan. 1946 - 18 Sep. 1947; and Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 25 Sep. 1947. Gehlen Organization alias for Werner Starke. BfV alias for Johannes Streubing. AECOB-3 (cryptonym). OSKARS (alias). Associated with Project AECOB. AECAMBISTA-17, CAMBISTA-17 (cryptonyms). Associated with AEQUOR and BGCALLUS/QKACTIVE Projects. See also Oestministerium, Ranica. Werner STAHL (Gehlen Organization alias). Cryptonym for Tatsuo Aso. V-92 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). Dr. SILL (Gehlen Organization alias). Audio installation. AECAVATINA-2, CAVATINA-2 (cryptonyms). Pseudonym for Zsolt Aradi. A-287 (cryptonym). EDER (alias). Associated with Project UJKEVEL. ALLEYCAT-14 (cryptonym). Cryptonym for Hans Koenen.

SPAIN Operation SPD

Spitz, George Srb, George SS-3 SS-5 SS-8

SSU STAHL, Werner STAHLMANN, Hans Stankevics, Arturs

Stankiewicz, Stanislaw Starke, Werner STBRANT-1 Steinbichl, Wolfgang STENEOPHYE Stetsko, Yaroslav STEVENS, Malcolm W. Stigler, Josef Stiglics, Roberts STMURAL-1

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Term STORCH Strecker, Werner Strempel, Herbert Von Streubing, Johannes Suchasnist Suess, Karl Definition STORCH/UJLENTIL refers to SATURN Program's West German foreign intelligence staybehind observer/reporter teams. Considered for possible use on Project KMMANLY. HIAWATHA (cryptonym). Considered for possible use on Project ALCATRAZ. Hans STAHLMANN (BfV alias). Monthly journal published by QRPLUMB's Munich Office, the Ukrainian Society for Foreign Studies. GUMDROP (OSS/SSU cryptonym). Operation SUNRISE refers to the negotiations and surrender of German forces in northern Italy carried out by OSS/Bern (Allen Dulles) prior to the collapse of the Third Reich. The surrender shortened the war in Italy and reportedly saved countless lives. V-20798 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). American or United States (not US Government). AECOB-7 (cryptonym). Associated with AECOB Project. VALDEMAR, JANSONS (Cryptonyms while working for Swedes). CIA Deputy Director for Operations (DDO). SSU SYBILLE Project provided information on migr groups. Ivan Docheff was head of the Bulgarian Section, which was a network in Bad Gasten with possible agents and communication lines into Bulgaria. Georg Meyer was also associated with Project SYBILLE and provided information on Russian emigre groups. Gehlen Organization alias for Martin Schmidt. Project SYMPHONY (1946-47) was an OSS/SSU project to use the influx of Jewish refugees into Austria from Rumania, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, and Poland managed by the Jewish Agency for Palestine (JAFP) in Austria (active beginning 1944 with mission of organizing and facilitating Jewish emigration to Palestine) and the Bricha (an unofficial Jewish organization active post-war that established illegal routes and guided illegal transports through Europe) for sources of CI information, to identify communists/Soviet agents among the refugees, and to gain information about the JAFP intelligence service. Asher Ben-Nathan (aka Arthur PIER), who was head of JAFP in Austria, was the chief agent (CONDUCTOR). Erich Wender (LILAC) associated with Project. Plan TAKEMATSU (1940s/50s) was the operational plan of US Army G-2 Far East Command in clandestine operations within Japan/peripheral areas using former Japanese intelligence personnel. Seizo Arisue, Torashiro Kawabe associated with this plan. CC-3 (Otto Von Bolschwing's cryptonym for a member of his CC Net in Austria). Cryptonym for George Spitz. POLESTAR-5 (cryptonym). BND cryptonym for Heinz Pannwitz. JG-7653 (cryptonym). Associated with LCPROWL/Apparat Project. The Asia Foundation undertook programs via private institutions in Asia to counteract the spread and appeal of communism. DTPILLAR (cryptonym). Karl Herczeg associated with Project. Cryptonym for Shaqir Kabashi. Cryptonym for Ahmet Kabashi. Cryptonym for Destan Berisha. Cryptonym for Shaqir Kabashi. Cryptonym for Shaqir Kabashi.

SUNRISE Supper, Adolf SVDUAL Sveics, Vidvuds SVMACE

SYBILLE SYDOW

SYMPHONY

TAKEMATSU Tann, Inge Von Der TARBABY Tatsumi, Eiichi TEJA Tellkamp, Eberhard

The Asia Foundation THROTTLER-1 THROWOFF-2 THROWOFF-3 THROWOFF-4 THUNDERCLAP-5

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Term TIB TIBETAN-6 TIEBARS TILBURY TILBURY-1 TILESTONE Till, Heinz TIRRALIRRA TLBRANT Toennies, Karl TOEXCEL Definition Technical Intelligence Branch (TIB), which was the US Army European Command's designator for the Gehlen Organization (1945-49). Cryptonym for Edvins Ozolins. Swedish Defense Staff. Swedish intelligence organization. Cryptonym for Andrejs Apsits. TILESTONE (1946-48) involved missions into Soviet occupied Baltic States. Stasys Zymantas-Zakevicius associated with Project. Considered for possible use on Project CATADPOLE. Cryptonym for Stasys Zymantas-Zakevicius. Cryptonym for Tatsuo Aso. Considered for possible use on Project QKACTIVE. CIA Europe Division agent training. Kurt Ponger-Otto Verber Espionage Case. Ponger, a U.S. Army officer during WWII, interrogated war crimes suspects and witnesses at Nuremberg after the war. In 1949, he was recruited by Soviets and he recruited Verber, who was also a U.S. Army officer during WWII. In 1953, Ponger and Verber were arrested by U.S. military authorities and convicted of espionage. Staybehind activities training and recruitment. CADROIT (formerly TPEMBER) (1949-55) subsidized and guided the Investigative Committee of Free Jurists (Untersuchungsausschuss freiheitlicher Juristen (UfJ)), which developed from one person as the head of a notional committee in West Berlin to an active organization with a West Berlin Headquarters staff of 75 and about 2,000 East German covert contacts, many from the legal profession and/or East German government. The UfJ, with CIA assistance, conducted extensive propaganda campaigns in East Germany, based mainly on information from East German informants, to expose illegal actions, breaches of justice, and acts of inhumanity committed and tolerated by authorities in East Germany. An outgrowth of the UfJ-sponsored International Congress of Jurists in Berlin (1952) was the establishment of the International Commission of Jurists in The Hague, which was supported by CIA under Project QKFEARFUL. CADROIT also included CADROWN (1952-55), a paramilitary organization established in East Germany for wartime use. Helmut Casemir associated with Project CADROIT. CADROWN (formerly TPEMBER Apparat, CADRASTIC) (1952-55) was approved in 1952 as Amendment 3 to Project TPEMBER to establish a paramilitary resistance apparat in East Germany for escape and evasion and other staybehind resistance activities in case of war with the USSR. TPEMBER (later CADROIT) (1949-55) supported a campaign to expose and to prevent where possible, illegal actions, breaches of justice, and acts of inhumanity committed and tolerated by authorities in East Germany. This was effected through the League of Free Jurists in East Germany. Returnee Exploitation Group (REG), the reception, exploitation, and resettlement of German and Austrian scientists and technicians who have returned from work in the USSR. LCHARVEST (TPFAST, TPTERRY, VLVIGOR) involved operations against Peoples Republic of China (PRC) scientists and efforts to moitor PRC state technology.

TOPHOLE TPAPLUCK

TPEMBER

TPEMBER Apparat

TPENTITLE

TPFAST

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Term Definition TPMURILLO (1964-74) provided personnel to conduct research on the Soviet Union based on information in overt sources with special emphasis on Soviet services, personnel, and operations. Aleks Kurgvel associated with Project. TPOASIS (1949-54) subsidized the production and East Zone distribution of two special weekly editions of Der Telegraf. Arno Scholz associated with Project. Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR). LCHARVEST (TPFAST, TPTERRY, VLVIGOR) involved operations against Peoples Republic of China (PRC) scientists and efforts to moitor PRC state technology. TPTONIC (formerly QKIVORY) refers to National Committee for a Free Europe (NCFE) and its subcommittees. Vilis Janums associated with TPTONIC. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). Cryptonym for Jon Margarit. Gehlen Organization alias for Fritz Dorn. JG-6732, CABALLETA-2 (cryptonyms). Associated with Projects DTRAPID and JBEDICT. BELLADONNA involved collection of foreign intelligence on USSR and TRIDENT involved collection of counterintelligence on USSR through Ukrainian emigre activities and personalities (1946-48). Ivan Hrinioch, Michael Korzhan, Mykola Lebed, Yury Lopatinsky, Myron Matviyeyko associated with Projects. Considered for possible use on ZODIAC recruiting operation. Associated with Gehlen Organization Operation HENNE. V9134.2 (Gehlen Organization VNumber). OSS/SSU cryptonym for Josef Kuznetsov. CAMPHOR, RADISH (OSS/SSU cryptonyms). GRBEAVER (cryptonym). Considered for possible use on Project GRCROOND. Central Association of Post-War Emigres (TsOPE) located in Munich. See AEVIRGIL. Otto Von Bolschwing's cryptonym for Wolfram Bitschnau as a member of his TT Net (Vorarlberg Security Directorate Unit) in Austria. Otto Von Bolschwing's cryptonym for Wilhelm Dietrich as a member of his TT Net (Vorarlberg Security Directorate Unit) in Austria. Otto Von Bolschwing's cryptonym for Leopold Voller as a member of his TT Net (Vorarlberg Security Directorate Unit) in Austria. Otto Von Bolschwing's cryptonym for Karl Von Winkler as a member of his TT Net (Vorarlberg Security Directorate Unit) in Austria. AECAMBISTA-16, CAMBISTA-16 (cryptonyms). Frederick K. VONEL (pseudonym). Associated with Project AEQUOR. AECASSOWARY-60, QRDYNAMIC-60 (cryptonyms). Clerical employee in Branch Office of Project AERODYNAMIC. Associated with Radio Free Europe (RFE) in Paris. Polish Intelligence Service. Ukrainian Supreme Liberation Council (UHVR). FJDRAFT (cryptonym). Cryptonym for Kurt Behnke during German investigation of him as a suspect MfS or Soviet agent during 1954-59. Behnke was also known to Heinz Felfe, who was a KGB penetration of Gehlen/BND for 10 years until his arrest in 1961. Gehlen Organization visits to the United States.

TPMURILLO

TPOASIS TPSTALL

TPTERRY

TPTONIC TQHIGHROAD TRAJAN TRAUBE, Fritz Treuhoff, Sven-Gunner

TRIDENT

Triska, Helmut TROY Tschoudnowsky, Leonid Tschurtscenthaler, Hans TsOPE TT-1 TT-2 TT-5 TT-6 Tumash, Vitaut Tymewycz, Roman Tzankoff, Assen UB UHVR

UJDOWN UJDRACO

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Term UJDREADFUL UJDRIFTER UJDRIZZLY UJDROLLERY UJDROSHKY UJDROVER UJDROWSY UJDRUG UJDRUID UJDRUM Definition Cryptonym for Ernst Worm. Cryptonym for Jon Margarit. West German investigations of the Rote Kapelle. Gehlen Organization counterintelligence/counterespionage (CI/CE) projects. Gehlen Organization program to polygraph its personnel. Soviet Embassy in East Germany. Cryptonym for Heinz Felfe. CIA cryptonym when the Germans ran him as a double agent against the KGB in Fall PANOPTIKUM. Cryptonym for Constantine Papanace. Cryptonym for Hans Clemens. Cryptonym for Oskar Reihle during the time that Heinz Felfe and Hans Clemens (both arrested for espionage in 1961) were under investigation as alleged KGB penetrations of Gehlen/BND. Reihle was associated with Felfe and Clemens. Cryptonym for Ulrich Kayser-Eichberg. West German Foreign Intelligence Service (BND). NADELWALD/UJKEVEL refers to the SATURN Program's West German escape and evasion teams. Josef Stigler associated with UJKEVEL Project. SATURN Program's STORCH, AFU Program, FOX, and WIESEL programs. CIA Cryptonym for Friedrich Panzinger when the Germans were running him as a double agent against the Soviets. Cable Indicator for BND investigations. Cable indicator for BND requests for name checks. Gehlen Organization alias for Kazys Gimzauskas. CAECTOMY-18, CATADPOLE-1, CABATON-46 (cryptonyms). QKDEMON (formerly UMPIRE, EDUCATOR) (1949-50) was a psychological warfare project and provided the production and dissemination of covert propaganda against the Soviet Union and its satellites using radio broadcasts and printed material. Hildegard Beetz associated with Project. V-7043 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). The United States Escapee Program (USEP) or President's Escapee Program (PEP) was established in 1952 to assist escapees from the Soviet Bloc (nationals from Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Albania, Bulgaria, the Baltic States, or the USSR) fleeing from persecution and despair to countries of asylum in Europe. The Department of State, Foreign Operations Administration, had the responsibility of implementing this program, which assisted the escapees to get settled in the western world. Cryptonym for Otto Von Bolschwing. Untersuchungsausschuss freiheitlicher Juristen (UfJ), the Investigative Committee of Free Jurists, was subsidized under Project CADROIT (formerly TPEMBER). Ukrainian Revolutionary Army (UPA). West German Federal Government. West German Foreign Intelligence Service (BND). West German Foreign Intelligence Service (BND). Cryptonym for Konrad Adenauer.

UJDRYROT UJDUCAT-4 UJDUSK

UJKEVEL UJLENTIL UJNUTLET UJRANDOM UJVAULT ULMANN Umpfenbach, Georg

UMPIRE Unglaube, Heinz

United States Escapee Program (USEP) UNREST Untersuchungsausschuss freiheitlicher Juristen (UfJ) UPA UPGROWTH UPHILL UPSWING UPTHRUST

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Term Definition V-13690 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). BEFINAL-103 (CIA cryptonym while monitoring his peddling of fabricated intelligence reports). See ROESSELSPRUNG and DILLINGER. Gehlen Organization alias for Erwin Jansen. Clandestine Cold War Activities. Gehlen Organization alias for Vasile Mailat. ODWIFE (cryptonym). US Air Force, Office of Special Investigations (USAF/OSI). KMJUNKMAN, LNEASE (cryptonyms). DYMAGPIE, LNGLUE, LNREAD, ODIBEX (cryptonyms). US Army Counterintelligence Corps (US Army CIC or CIC). BGHABIT, DYMACULE, LNWILT, ODOPAL (cryptonym). HTMANDOLA (cryptonym). QKJOLLIER (cryptonym). LNDROP (cryptonym). LNTONE (cryptonym). DYMADNESS, LNTUCK, ZASEESAW (cryptonyms). DYMAROON, LNGOLD, NVABROAD, NVGIFT, NVIDEA, ODACID, ZASEAL (cryptonyms). LNLEVY LNVENT (cryptonym). LNTUBA (cryptonym). LNCUFF, LNFALL, NVENGRAM (cryptonym). GROWER (cryptonym). DYMACACO, LNERGO, NVCANOPY (cryptonyms). LNBUZZ, LNFORT, LNLUTE, NVBLAZON, ODYOKE, QKCIGAR (cryptonyms). US Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS). LNYUMA, ODURGE (cryptonyms). LNYATE (cryptonym). ODAPSE (cryptonym). LNBEET (cryptonym). US Army Europe (USAEUR). HTMANDOLA (cryptonym). US Air Force (USAF). LNCAST, LNPACK (cryptonyms). Cryptonym for Otto Von Bolschwing. The United States Escapee Program (USEP) or President's Escapee Program (PEP) was established in 1952 to assist escapees from the Soviet Bloc (nationals from Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Albania, Bulgaria, the Baltic States, or the USSR) fleeing from persecution and despair to countries of asylum in Europe. The Department of State, Foreign Operations Administration, had the responsibility of implementing this program, which assisted the escapees to get settled in the western world. Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR). CKPOLAR, FJSTEAL, MHHARSH, TPSTALL (cryptonyms). The Ustasha was a Croatian organization put in charge of the Independent state of Croatia by the Axis powers in 1941. The Ustasha, which followed Nazi policies, sought to exterminate all Serbs, Jews, Gypsies, and others who opposed them, and was responsible for massacres and other atrocities. Cryptonym for Reinhard Gehlen. Gehlen Organization V-Number for Werner Krassowsky.

Urban, Josef URBANEK, Franz URMOTHER URSU US Agency for International Development US Air Force OSI US Army US Army CIC US Army Europe US Army Military Intelligence Division US Department of Commerce US Department of Justice US Department of Navy US Department of State US Department of the Air Force US Department of Treasury US Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) US Embassy, Legation, Consulate US Embassy, Vienna US Federal Bureau of Investigation US Government US Immigration and Naturalization Service US Information Communications Agency US National Security Council US Secret Service USAEUR USAF USAGE

USEP USSR

USTASHA UTILITY V-10721

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Term V-11364 V-1150 V-11540 V-11718 V-11728 V-11760 V-11881 V-12024 V-12041 V-12643 V-12899 V-13600 V-13611 V-13690 V-14011 V-14105 V-14125 V-14401 V-14410 V-14411 V-14415 V-14801 V-14802 V-15050 V-15769 V-15775 V-16131 V-1721 V-17562 V-18526 V-19331 V-2026 V-20798 V-21511 V-21554 V-22352 V-2327 V-23411 V-2354 V-2600 V-2616 V-2620 V-2629 V-2665 V-2665.2 V-2665.5 V-2713 V-2730 V-2777 Definition Gehlen Organization V-Number for Murat Ferid. Gehlen Organization V-Number for Friedrich Panzinger. Gehlen Organization V-Number for Walter Vaeth. Gehlen Organization V-Number for Emil Duplitzer. Gehlen Organization V-Number for Rudolf Oebsger-Roeder. Gehlen Organization V-Number for Hans Handrack. Gehlen Organization V-Number for Michael Kedia. Gehlen Organization V-Number for Walter Domes. Gehlen Organization V-Number for Kurt Merk. Gehlen Organization V-Number for Karl Wellhoener. Gehlen Organization V-Number for Eberhard Non Nostitz. Gehlen Organization V-Number for Josef Didinger. V-13611 (formerly V9460.9) were Gehlen Organization V-Numbers for Michael Korzhan. Gehlen Organization V-Number for Josef Urban. Gehlen Organization V-Number for Walter Vollmer. Gehlen Organization V-Number for Erich Vogel. Gehlen Organization V-Number for Horst Koerner. Gehlen Organization V-Number for Karl Ledwinke. Gehlen Organization V-Number for Georg Roth. Gehlen Organization V-Number for Gyorgy Kollenyi. Gehlen Organization V-Number for Friedrich Frank. Gehlen Organization V-Number for Walter Kainz. V-14802 (formerly V-19331) were Gehlen Organization V-Numbers for Bruno Klaus. Gehlen Organization V-Number for Vasile Mailat. Gehlen Organization V-Number for Ernst Kroeger. Gehlen Organization V-Number for Kazys Gimzauskas. Gehlen Organization V-Number for Franz Karmasin. Gehlen Organization V-Number for Franz Mueller. Gehlen Organization V-Number for Gyorgy Kollenyi. Gehlen Organization V-Number for Juergen Von Hehn. V-14802 (formerly V-19331) were Gehlen Organization V-Numbers for Bruno Klaus. Gehlen Organization V-Number for Heinrich Lienhard. Gehlen Organization V-Number for Adolf Supper. Gehlen Organization V-Number for Guenther Woest. Gehlen Organization V-Number for Karl Wildner. V-22352 (formerly V-7038) were Gehlen Organization V-Numbers for Konrad Fiebig. Gehlen Organization V-Number for Kurt Froehlich. Gehlen Organization V-Number for Alfred Metzner. Gehlen Organization V-Number for Werner Finsterer. Gehlen Organization V-Number for Ludwig Albert. Gehlen Organization V-Number for Helmut Ohlbrecht. Gehlen Organization V-Number for Erich Heidschuch. Gehlen Organization V-Number for Heinrich Josef Reiser. Gehlen Organization V-Number for Hans Clemens. Gehlen Organization V-Number for Fritz Gustav Erdmann. Gehlen Organization V-Number for Fritz Baltrusch. Gehlen Organization V-Number for Herbert Boehrsch. Gehlen Organization V-Number for Fritz Seibold. Gehlen Organization V-Number for Karl Zenger.

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Term V-2835 V-2837 V-2857 V-2881 V-2907 V-2950 V-2951 V-2952 V-2954 V-2978 V-2982 V-2996 V-3002 V-3015 V-3080 V-3348 V-3376 V-3399 V-3595 V-3597 V-4985 V-5300 V-5450 V-58 V-5850 V-615 V-616 V-6606 V-6628 V-67 V-6732 V-7025 V-7038 V-7041 V-7043 V-7048 V-7500 V-7501 V-7627 V-7630 V-7902 V-7915 V-8833 V-8838 V-8864 V-91 V-9107 V-9112 Definition Gehlen Organization V-Number for Willy Heinrich Friede. Gehlen Organization V-Number for Walter Otten. Gehlen Organization V-Number for Hans Sommer. Gehlen Organization V-Number for Fritz Arlt. Gehlen Organization V-Number for Emil Augsburg. Gehlen Organization V-Number for Otto Somann. Gehlen Organization V-Number for Cornelius Van Der Horst. Gehlen Organization V-Number for Ernst Schwarzwaeller. Gehlen Organization V-Number for Arwed Flegel. Gehlen Organization V-Number for Carl Schuetz. Gehlen Organization V-Number for Friederich Busch. Gehlen Organization V-Number for Wolfgang Hoeher. Gehlen Organization V-Number for Alexander Dolezalek. Gehlen Organization V-Number for Adolf Puchta. Gehlen Organization V-Number for Kurt Moritz. Gehlen Organization V-Number for Walter Geipel. Gehlen Organization V-Number for Fritz Dorn. Gehlen Organization V-Number for Guenter Hans Bernau. Gehlen Organization V-Number for Ebrulf Zuber. Gehlen Organization V-Number for Ernst Worm. Gehlen Organization V-Number for Andreas Biederbick. Gehlen Organization V-Number for Heinrich Von Mast. Gehlen Organization V-Number for Kurt Knoll. Gehlen Organization V-Number for Fritz Rauch. Gehlen Organization V-Number for Hans Sander. Gehlen Organization V-Number for Ernst Makowski. Gehlen Organization V-Number for Erich Deppner. V-6628 (formerly V-6606) were Gehlen Organization V-Numbers for Wilhelm Dietrich. V-6628 (formerly V-6606) were Gehlen Organization V-Numbers for Wilhelm Dietrich. V-67 (formerly V-91) were Gehlen Organization V-Numbers for Heinz Schmalschlager. Gehlen Organization V-Number for Anton Boehm (prior to 1950). Gehlen Organization V-Number for Hans Carl Schumacher. V-22352 (formerly V-7038) were Gehlen Organization V-Numbers for Konrad Fiebig. Gehlen Organization V-Number for Ernst Helfsgott. Gehlen Organization V-Number for Hans Unglaube. Gehlen Organization V-Number for Siegfried Nickel. Gehlen Organization V-Number for Emmerich Offczarek. Gehlen Organization V-Number for Martin Schmidt. Gehlen Organization V-Number for Joseph Schreieder. Gehlen Organization V-Number for Walter Kurreck. Gehlen Organization V-Number for Erich Olbrueck. Gehlen Organization V-Number for Ludwig Pfahls. Gehlen Organization V-Number for Karl Joseph Feist. Gehlen Organization V-Number for Wilhelm Krichbaum. Gehlen Organization V-Number for Ludwig Wolff. V-67 (formerly V-91) were Gehlen Organization V-Numbers for Heinz Schmalschlager. Gehlen Organization V-Number for Hans Bauer. Gehlen Organization V-Number for Andreas Haderlein.

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Term V-9134.2 V-9136.8 V-92 V-9245 V-9460.9 Vaeth, Walter VALDEMAR VALUABLE Definition Gehlen Organization V-Number for Helmut Triska. Gehlen Organization V-Number for Christian Zarp. Gehlen Organization V-Number for Wolfgang Steinbichl. Gehlen Organization V-Number for Walter Lueth. V-13611 (formerly V9460.9) were Gehlen Organization V-Numbers for Michael Korzhan. V-11540 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). Cryptonym for Vidvuds Sveics while working for the Swedes. British program in Albania. See also OBOPUS/BGFIEND. VENUS, a cryptonym for Ferenc Kozma, also refers to the VENUS operation, a double agent operation initially begun in 1949 by the Belgians to penetrate rightwing Hungarian migr organizations. Ferenc Kozma associated with Project. CAMBIO-0, CAUTERY-16 (cryptonyms). Associated with Project CAMBIO, CAUTERY. AECOB-1 (cryptonym). Associated with Project AECOB. Supreme Committee for Lithuanian Liberation (VLIK) was formed in Lithuania in 1943 to set up a nationwide network of organizations that would resist the German occupation and attempts to form an SS Legion in Lithuania. CIA Office of Policy Coordination (OPC). LCHARVEST (TPFAST, TPTERRY, VLVIGOR) involved operations against Peoples Republic of China (PRC) scientists and efforts to moitor PRC state technology. V-14105 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). JG-2633 (cryptonym). Merrit C. CRASKE (alias). Associated with the League of German Youth (BDJ) of Project LCPROWL. JBCREOLE (cryptonym). TT-5 (Otto Von Bolschwing's cryptonym for a member of his TT Net (Vorarlberg Security Directorate Unit) in Austria). Franz KAUFMANN, Leopold WALTER (aliases). V-14011 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). Pseudonym for Vitaut Tumash. ANT (OSS/SSU cryptonym). KIBITZ staybehind program burial/caching of W/T equipment. POAIM-12 (cryptonym). Gehlen Organization alias for Walter Kurreck. Alias for Constantine Mierlak. Alias for Leopold Voller. GARBO is cryptonym for American War Refugee Board, which was established in 1944 by President Roosevelt to "rescue endangered refugees in every area of the world" and initiated its activities in Stockholm. The Board funded Raoul Wallenberg's assignment in wartime Budapest (1944-45) to protect Hungarian Jews from Nazi persecution and deportation. ZRMETAL (cryptonym). Wehrmachts Abwehr Stelle (WASt). German armed forces personnel records. Gehlen Organization alias for Ernst Worm. Gehlen Organization alias for Ludwig Wolff. Wehr Wissenschaftliche Rundschau (WWR), under Project KMMANLY, was a Military Science Journal. Gehlen Organization alias for Werner Finsterer.

VENUS Vettermann, Horst Paul Viksna, Voldis

VLIK VLKIVA

VLVIGOR Vogel, Erich Vogt, Helmut Voice of America (VOA)

Voller, Leopold Vollmer, Walter VONEL, Frederick K. Voss, Klavoli VULTURE Wachi, Tsunezo WAGNER, Kurt WAKILD, Donald R. WALTER, Leopold

War Refugee Board Washington, DC WASt WEBER WEBER, Ludwig Wehr Wissenschaftliche Rundschau (WWR) WEIGAND, Fritz

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Term Weinert, Joachim Weinsberg, Willi Weiss, Kurt Wellhoener, Karl Wender, Erich Wendland, Major General Horst WENDT Wenger, Erich WERNER West German Federal Government Definition CAMISADE (formerly FORD) (OSS/SSU/CIG cryptonyms). CARDIFF (alias when he was agent for NKVD officer Captain FNU Skurin). Associated with LCPROWL Project. WINTERSTEIN (Gehlen Organization alias). V-12643 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). Karl WOGE (Gehlen Organization alias). LILAC (cryptonym). Associated with Project SYMPHONY. WENDT, HOLM (Gehlen Organization aliases). Major General Horst Wendland was Reinhard Gehlen's Deputy at the BND. Gehlen Organization alias for Major General Horst Wendland. CAVATA-17 (cryptonym when he was Liaison Contact at BfV). Gehlen Organization alias for Fritz Arlt. HBGROPING, MHBRUSH, UPGROWTH (cryptonyms). WIESEL/UJLENTIL refers to SATURN Program's West German caching program (neutral W/T, operational aids, barter material, hard-rations, and medical supply caches). V-21554 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). Gehlen Organization alias for Walter Domes. Gehlen Organization alias for Karl Joseph Feist. Gehlen Organization alias for Hermann Bickler. TT-6 (Otto Von Bolschwing's cryptonym for a member of his TT Net (Vorarlberg Security Directorate Unit) in Austria). Gehlen Organization alias for Kurt Weiss. Gehlen Organization alias for Werner Finsterer. CAMOMILE (OSS/SSU cryptonym). HERRING (OSS/SSU alias). Considered for possible use by OSS on Project ALCATRAZ. CC-12 (Otto Von Bolschwing's cryptonym for a member of his CC Net in Austria). BARLEY, CANNABIN (OSS/SSU cryptonyms). CAPELLA (OSS/SSU cryptonym when he was an agent of Fritz Schwend). Cryptonym for Harry Mannil. Warning Intelligence Sources and Methods. CIA Technical Services Division. CIA Office of Security. CIA Division D. American or United States, but not US Government. American or United States, but not US Government. CIA Office of Central Reference (OCR). KIBITZ-17 (cryptonym). Associated with Project KIBITZ. V-21511 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). HAENDLER (Gehlen Organization alias). Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). Gehlen Organization alias for Karl Wellhoener. CIA Office of Political Analysis (OPA). Office of Strategic Services (OSS). CIA Office of National Estimates (ONE). American or United States, but not US Government. CIA Foreign Intelligence Staff. Gehlen Organization alias for Hans Bauer. V-8864 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). Ludwig WEBER (Gehlen Organization alias).

WIESEL Wildner, Karl WILDORF, Daniel WILKE, Dr. Karl WINKLER Winkler, Karl Von WINTERSTEIN WINTERSTEIN, Werner Wirsich, Kuno Wirth, Josef Hermann Wirth, Ulrich Wischmann, Guenther WKORANGE-62 WNINTEL WOACRE WOBONE WOBUOY WOCORK WODUAL WOECRU Woellner, Eduard Woest, Guenther WOFACT WOFIRM WOGE, Karl WOGEAR WOHIVE WOHORN WOLADY WOLENS WOLF, Erich Wolff, Ludwig

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Term WOLIME WOLOBE WOLOCK WOMACE WOMUSE Worm, Ernst WOROMP WOYARD WRINGER WSCORNY WSSIREN WSSPEAR WUNDER, Fritz X-2 XX-21

Definition Cable indicator for CIA International Activities Division. CIA Office of Scientific Intelligence (OSI). CIA Technical Services Division. CIA Deputy Director for Operations (DDO). CIA Counterintelligence Center (CIC). V-3597 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). WEBER, PARKER (Gehlen Organization aliases). UJDREADFUL (cryptonym). CIA Deputy Director for Intelligence (DDI). CIA Directorate of Science and Technology (DS&T). US Air Force center for refugee exploitation under the command of the 7050th Air Intelligence Service Wing. Berlin. Psychological Warfare. Political Warfare. Gehlen Organization alias for Franz Karmasin. OSS Counterespionage Branch. Otto Von Bolschwing's cryptonym for Josephus Zagon as a member of his XX Net (Hungarian Catholic Group) in Austria. Otto Von Bolschwing's cryptonym for Erno Karoly Hebenstreit as a member of his XX Net (Hungarian Catholic Group living in West) in Austria. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). CIA Office of Special Operations (OSO). CIA Office of Policy Coordination (OPC). CIA Office of Scientific Intelligence (OSI). Office of Strategic Services (OSS). AEMARSH-1 (cryptonym). Herbert KALNINS (alias). Associated with Project AEMARSH. XX-21 (Otto Von Bolschwing's cryptonym for a member of his XX Net (Hungarian Catholic Group) in Austria). V-9136.8 (Gehlen Organization V-Number) US Department of State. US Department of Navy. Foreign Section of Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (Zch/OUN). AECAVATINA, CAVATINA (cryptonyms). After the war, Zch/OUN was headed by Stefan Bandera. SS-8 (Otto Von Bolschwing's cryptonym for a member of his SS Net (Socialist Party Net) in Austria). V-2777 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). JG-8970 (cryptonym). Associated with Project KMHITHER-C. OSS cryptonym for Heinz Karl Krull. Gehlen Organization. ZODIAC Operation aimed at the defection of East Bloc individuals while they were outside the Iron Curtain. Helmut Triska considered for possible use on this Project. Foreign Representation of the Ukrainian Supreme Liberation Council (ZPUHVR). AECASSOWARY-1, CASSOWARY-1, FJGOODS, QRDYNAMIC1 (cryptonyms). British. Training program for agents.

XX-61 ZACABAL ZACABIN ZACACTUS ZACALICO ZACAMBRIC Zagars, Herberts Zagon, Josephus Zarp, Christian ZASEAL ZASEESAW

Zch/OUN Zechtl, Rupert Zenger, Karl Ziegler, Viktor ZIGZAG ZIPPER

ZODIAC

ZPUHVR ZRCROWN ZRELOPE

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Term

Definition AECOB, approved in 1950, was a vehicle for foreign intelligence (FI) operations into and within Soviet Latvia and involved infiltration and exfiltration of black agents and the recruitment of legally resident agents in the USSR, especially Latvia. ZRLYNCH was approved in 1950 for use of the Latvian Resistance Movement, which had been formed in 1944, as a vehicle for clandestine activities within the USSR. ZRLYNCH was renewed in 1952 as a part of AECOB, which then provided both FI and political and psychological (PP) activities. AECOB / ZRLYNCH PP project was terminated in 1955. AECOB FI project was terminated in 1959. Roberts Ancans, Andrejs Apsits, Nikolajs Balodis, Arturs Brombergs, Freds Launags, Edvins Ozolins, Janis Ozolins, Janis Presnikovs, Alfreds Riekstins, Peteris Rungis, ILmars Rupners, Arturs Stankevics, Vidvuds Sveics, Voldis Viksna associated with Project. Janis Ozols considered for possible use on Project. Washington, DC. ZRNAUNTLE was a staybehind paramilitary project. Xhaver Deva, Ivan Docheff associated with this Project. Activity to counter communist-sponsored world youth festival in Helsinki. V-3595 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). ACKERMAN (Gehlen Organization alias). TIRRALIRRA (cryptonym). Associated with Project TILESTONE.

ZRLYNCH ZRMETAL ZRNAUNTLE ZRPENNY Zuber, Ebrulf Zymantas-Zakevicius, Stasys

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