Context MATLAB

What is MATLAB? Objectives Introduction to Chapter 1:

Introduction course
Fanilo RAMASOMANANA ramasoma@unistra.fr
MATLAB - Introduction course

Starting and Quitting MATLAB MATLAB Desktop Desktop Tools

MATLAB - Introduction course

What is MATLAB?
MATLAB is a commercial software of interactive calculus. It makes it possible to carry out numerical simulations based on algorithms of numerical analysis. It can thus be used for solving numerical problems for the approximate resolution of differential equations, partial differential equations, linear and nonlinear systems, or scientific and engineering graphics, etc and to write programs in a lower level language. MATLAB provides a block diagram tool for modeling and simulating dynamical systems, including signal processing, controls, communications, and other complex systems ranging from engineering and mathematics to chemistry, biology, and economics.

Objectives
The objective of this MATLAB's course is double:

the knowledge of this software is essential because it is more and more used for calculus in industries and banks, the knowledge of algorithms existing in the software and to test new algorithms.

MATLAB - Introduction course

MATLAB - Introduction course

Introduction Chapter 1:

Starting and Quitting MATLAB Starting MATLAB:

On a Microsoft Windows platform, to start MATLAB, doubleclick the MATLAB shortcut icon on your Windows desktop.

This chapter provides a brief introduction to starting and quitting MATLAB, and the tools and functions that help you to work with MATLAB variables and files.

Quitting MATLAB:
To end your MATLAB session, select Exit MATLAB from the File menu in the desktop, or type quit in the Command Window.

MATLAB - Introduction course

MATLAB - Introduction course

MATLAB Desktop

MATLAB Desktop
You can change the way your desktop looks by opening, closing, moving, and resizing the tools in it. You can also move tools outside of the desktop or return them back inside the desktop.

When you start MATLAB, the MATLAB desktop appears, containing tools for managing files, variables, and applications associated with MATLAB.

The first time MATLAB starts, the desktop appears as shown in the following illustration.

MATLAB - Introduction course

MATLAB - Introduction course

Desktop Tools
This section provides an introduction to MATLABs desktop tools. The tools are: Command Window Command History Help Browser Current Directory Workspace Array Editor Create M-Files

Desktop Tools Command Window:

Use the Command Window to make calculations and run functions which exist in MATLAB and Mfiles (programs) created by us.

MATLAB - Introduction course

MATLAB - Introduction course

Desktop tools Command History:

Lines you enter in the Command Window are logged in the Command History window. In the Command History, you can view previously used functions, and copy and execute selected lines.
MATLAB - Introduction course

Desktop tools Help Browser:

Use the Help browser to search and view documentation for all MathWorks products. The Help browser is a Web browser integrated into the MATLAB desktop that displays HTML documents. To open the Help browser, click the help button type helpbrowser in the Command Window. in the toolbar, or

MATLAB - Introduction course

Desktop tools Help Browser:

Desktop tools Current Directory Browser:

MATLAB file operations use the current directory as reference points. Any file you want to run must be in the current directory. To search for, view, open, and make changes to MATLAB-related directories and files, use the MATLAB Current Directory browser.

MATLAB - Introduction course

MATLAB - Introduction course

Desktop tools Workspace Browser:

The MATLAB workspace consists of the set of variables (named arrays) built up during a MATLAB session and stored in memory. You add variables to the workspace by using functions, running M-files, and loading saved workspaces. To view the workspace and information about each variable, use the Workspace browser.
MATLAB - Introduction course

Desktop tools Workspace Browser:

To delete variables from the workspace, select the variable and select Delete from the Edit menu. Alternatively, use the clear all function. The workspace is not maintained after you end the MATLAB session. To save the workspace to a file that can be read during a later MATLAB session, select Save Workspace As from the File menu, or use the save function. This saves the workspace to a file called a MAT-file, which has a .mat extension. To read in a MAT-file, select Import Data from the File menu, or use the load function.
MATLAB - Introduction course

Desktop tools Workspace Browser (Array Editor): Create M-Files:

Desktop tools

Double-click on a variable in the Workspace browser to see it in the Array Editor.

To create M-files, select New M-files from the File menu, which allow to write programs and run MATLAB functions. We can save the new algorithms in a any directory in a file called a M-file, which has a .m extension.

If you just need to view the contents of an M-file, you can display it in the Command Window by using the name of the function or running this function.

MATLAB - Introduction course

MATLAB - Introduction course

Chapter 2
Operators for numbers
Special functions for numbers Operators for vectors Special functions for vectors Operators for matrices Special functions for matrices + *

Expressions for numbers Operators for numbers:

Addition Subtraction Multiplication

/ ^

Division Power

Special functions:
pi i Inf NaN abs 3.1415 Imaginary unit Infinity Not a number Absolute value sqrt Square root log Logarithm exp Exponentiel sign Signe of the number (=1 if positif and 0 if negatif)
MATLAB - Introduction course

MATLAB - Introduction course

Special functions Trigonometric functions:

sin sind asin asind cos cosd acos acosd tan cot Sine in radians Sine in degrees Inverse of the function Sine in radians Inverse of the function Sine in degrees Cosine in radians Cosine in degrees Inverse of the function Cosine in radians Inverse of the function Cosine in degrees Tangent in radians Cotangent in radians
MATLAB - Introduction course

Complex numbers special functions:

abs the magnitude of the complex number

angle the phase angle of the complex number real imag conj the real part of the complex number the imaginary part of the complex number the conjugate of the complex number

MATLAB - Introduction course

Vectors Create a vector:

V=[2,3,7] is a row vector V=[2;3;7] is a column vector V change the vector from line to column or from column to line.

Vectors Colon operator (:)

X=1:10 is a row vector containing the integers from 1 to 10. By default the increment here is equal to 1.

Operators for vectors:

+ * .* ./ Addition Subtraction Scalar product Element by element multiplication Element by element division
MATLAB - Introduction course

For a nonunit spacing, we can specify an increment. For example: X=100:-7:50 or X=0:pi/4:pi

MATLAB - Introduction course

Vectors Special functions

ones(1,3) is a row vector all components is equal to 1. ones(3,1) is a column vector all components is equal to 1. zeros(1,3) is a row vector all components is equal to 0. zeros(3,1) is a column vector all components is equal to 0. rand(1,3) is a row vector with random components between 0 and 1. sum(X) computes the sum of the elements of X. find(X<3) gives the indexes of the elements of X < 3.
MATLAB - Introduction course

Matrices Create a Matrix:

A=[1 2 3;4 5 6;7 8 9] A is a matrix 3x3 is the transpose of the matrix A

Operators for matrices:

+ * .* ./ \ Addition Subtraction Matrix product Element by element multiplication Element by element division division of a matrix by a vector A\b.
MATLAB - Introduction course

Matrices Special functions

ones(3,3) is a 3x3 matrix all components is equal to 1. zeros(3,3) is a 3x3 matrix all components is equal to 0. eye(3,3) is the identity matrix 3x3. rand(3,3) is a 3x3 matrix with random components between 0 and 1. sum(A(1,:)) computes the sum of the elements of the first row of A. sum(A(:,2)) computes the sum of the elements of the second column of A.
MATLAB - Introduction course

Matrices Special functions

sum(A(end,:)) computes the sum of the elements in the last row of A. sum(A(:,end)) computes the sum of the elements in the last column of A. find(A<3) gives the indexes of the elements of A < 3.

MATLAB - Introduction course

Matrices Special functions

diag(A) computes the diagonal of A. det(A) computes the determinant of A. inv(A) computes the inverse of A. eig(A) computes the eigenvalues of A. poly(A) computes the coefficients of the characteristic polynomial of A.

Graphics Plot of the function Sine

x=0:pi/100:2*pi; y=sin(x); plot(x,y) We can label the axes and add a title: xlabel(x) ylabel(Sine of x) title(Plot of the Sine function)

MATLAB - Introduction course

MATLAB - Introduction course

Graphics Multiple data sets in one graph

x=0:pi/100:2*pi; y1=sin(x); y2=sin(x-0.25); y3=sin(x-0.5); plot(x,y1,x,y2,x,y3) The legend command provides an easy way to identify the individual plots: legend(sin(x),sin(x-0.25),sin(x-0.5))

Graphics Multiple data sets in one graph

We can also use this format: figure(1); plot(x,y1); hold on; plot(x,y2); hold on; plot(x,y3); legend(sin(x),sin(x-0.25),sin(x-0.5)) hold off;
MATLAB - Introduction course

MATLAB - Introduction course

Graphics Controlling the axes

By default, MATLAB finds the maxima and the minima of the data to choose the axis limits. The axis command enables you to specify your own limits: axis([xmin xmax ymin ymax]) Or for three-dimensional graph: axis([xmin xmax ymin ymax zmin zmax])

Graphics Multiple plots in one figure

The subplot command enables you to display multiple plots in the same window or print them on the same piece of paper. Typing: subplot(m,n,p) partitions the figure window into an m-by-n matrix of small subplots and selects the pth subplot for the current plot. The plots are numbered along first the top row of the figure window, then the second row, and so on.

MATLAB - Introduction course

MATLAB - Introduction course

Graphics Multiple plots in one figure

Example:
subplot(2,2,1) plot(x,y1); hold off; subplot(2,2,2) plot(x,y2); hold off; Subplot(2,2,3) Plot(x,y3); hold off; subplot(2,2,4); plot(x,y4); hold off;
MATLAB - Introduction course

Graphics Saving a figure

To save a figure, select save from the file menu or click on the save button of the figure. The figure is then saved as a fig file.

MATLAB - Introduction course

Chapter 3 Programming with MATLAB

if statements
for loops while loops

Chapter 3 if
The if statement evaluates a logical expression and executes a group of statements when the expression is true. The optional elseif and else keywords provide for the execution of alternate groups of statements. An end keyword, which matches the if, terminates the last group of statements. The groups of statements are delineated by the four keywords no braces or brackets are involved.

MATLAB - Introduction course

MATLAB - Introduction course

Chapter 3 if (example):
if a < 0 a = a+1; elseif a == 0 a=0; else a=a; end

Chapter 3 for
The for loop repeats a group of statements a fixed, predetermined number of times. A matching end delineates the loop.

MATLAB - Introduction course

MATLAB - Introduction course

Chapter 3 for (example): while

Chapter 3

for i = 1:10 a(i) = i; end

The while loop repeats a group of statements an indefinite number of times under control of a logical conditions. A matching end delineates the loop.

MATLAB - Introduction course

MATLAB - Introduction course

Chapter 3 while (example):

Chapter 3 The logical operators in the tests:

Logical operator MATLAB Symbol
& | == ~= < > <= >= and or equal not equal Less than Greater than Less or equal to Greater or equal to

while i < 0 a = i +1; end

MATLAB - Introduction course

MATLAB - Introduction course