PART A

a) The figure 1 shows the circuit of a series resonance filter.

Figure 1

i)

Use the following parameters to plot/measure the magnitude and phase frequency
response.

Measurement 1
Measurement 2
Measurement 3
Measurement 4

L
100 mH
100 mH
100 mH
100 mH

C
100 nF
100 nF
100 nF
100 nF

R
200
100
50
25

min
500 rad/s
500 rad/s
500 rad/s
500 rad/s

max
50000 rad/s
50000 rad/s
50000 rad/s
50000 rad/s

Below is a diagram showing the oscillation of the first measurement at 80 Hz.

Measurement 1
Frequency
80 Hz
250 Hz
500 Hz
750 Hz
1000 Hz
2000 Hz
3000 Hz
4000 Hz
5000 Hz
6000 Hz
8000 Hz

V output
1.4
5
10
18
28
55
20
14
10
8
6

Frequency
80 Hz
250 Hz
500 Hz
750 Hz
1000 Hz
2000 Hz
3000 Hz
4000 Hz
5000 Hz
6000 Hz
8000 Hz

Measurement 2
V output
0.7
2.2
5
9
14
28
10
7
5
4
3

Frequency
80 Hz
250 Hz
500 Hz
750 Hz
1000 Hz
2000 Hz
3000 Hz
4000 Hz
5000 Hz
6000 Hz
8000 Hz

Measurement 3
V output
0.36
1.1
2.2
4.2
7
15
5
3.2
2.4
2
1.4

Measurement 4
Frequency
80 Hz

V output
0.18

250 Hz

0.55

500 Hz

1.1

750 Hz

2.2

1000 Hz

3.8

2000 Hz

3000 Hz

2.6

4000 Hz

1.7

5000 Hz

1.2

6000 Hz

8000 Hz

0.7

The first five measurement have the same Fo but the Q factor is different.
The graph below shows the result from measurement 1-5
60
50
40

Series1
Series2

30

Series3
Series4

20

Series5

10
0
0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

Determine the series resonant frequency and Q factor for each measurement, where,

Series resonant frequency occurs at the maximum value of V-out and is defined
as fo------------------------1

o = 2 fo -----------------2
Q= 2 foL/R--------------3
Solution
1. fo=

L= 100mH
C=100nF
= 12 x 0.001=10.0006283=1591.6
2. o= 2 x 1591.6 = 10000.32
3. Measurement 1Q = (2 x 1591.6 x 0.1)200= 1000.032200 = 5.00016
Measurement 2 Q when R= 100, Q= (2 x 1591.6 x 0.1) 100 =
10.0003
Measurement 3 Q when R = 50, Q= (2 x 1591.6 x 0.1) 50 = 20.0006
Measurement 4 Q when R = 25, Q= (2 x 1591.6 x 0.1) 25 = 40.001

ii)

Use the following parameters t plot/measure the magnitude and phase frequency
response for
L
C
R
min
max
Measurement 5 100 mH
100 nF
200
500 rad/s
50000 rad/s
Measurement 6 200 mH
200 nF
200
250 rad/s
25000 rad/s
Measurement 7 400 mH
400 nF
200
125 rad/s
12500 rad/s
Measurement 8 800 mH
800 nF
200
60 rad/s
6000 rad/s
Measurement (5) will get the same result with measurement (1).

Measurement 6
Frequency
40Hz

V output
1.4

80Hz

2.9

150Hz

5.5

200Hz

7.6

300Hz

12.4

400Hz

18.9

600Hz

46.7

800Hz

141.2

1000Hz

56.2

2000Hz

13.3

3000Hz

8.03

4000HZ

5.8

The graph below shows the result for measurement 6

Measurement 7
Frequency
20Hz

V output
1.4

60Hz

4.5

80Hz

5.92

100Hz

7.6

150Hz

12.4

200Hz

18.9

300Hz

46.7

400Hz

141.2

700Hz

23.4

900Hz

15.4

1000Hz

13.3

2000Hz

5.9

The graph below show the result for measurement 7

Measurement 8
Frequency
10Hz

V output
1.4

40Hz

5.9

60Hz

9.4

80Hz

13.5

150Hz

46.7

200Hz

141.2

300Hz

32.6

400Hz

18.5

500Hz

13.3

600Hz

10.5

700Hz

8.7

800Hz

7.5

900Hz

6.6

1000Hz

5.9

The graph below shows the result for measurement 8

45
40
35
30
M5

25

M6

20

M7

15

M8

10
5
0
0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

iii)
Determine the series resonant frequency and Q factor for each measurement.
Measurement 6

Fo =

=2fo = 2 x 795.78 = 5000.03 = 5000

Measurement 7

Wo =2fo = 2 x 397.887 = 2499.998

Q=
Measurement 8
Fo =

Wo =2fo =2 x 198.94= 1249.97

Q=

Given

To get rid of the j we take the square root

H (jw) =

We take frequency to be 1000 Hz

From measurement 1.
Fo= 1591.6
Q= 5.0
(

For measurement 3
Fo =1591.6
F= 1000
Q= 20
(

For measurement 2
Fo = 1591.6
F= 1000
Q= 10
(

( )

For measurement 4
Fo =1591.6
F= 1000
Q= 40
(

Measurement 5 will get the same result with measurement 1 because it has the same
values.

For Measurement 6

Fo = 795.78
F = 1000
Q= 5
(

( )

For Measurement 7
Fo = 397.887
F = 1000
Q= 4.99
(

=0.0943

For measurement 8
Fo = 198.94
F = 1000
Q= 4.9999

= 0.041
Comparison frequency is 1000 Hz
Measurement
Measured value(Vout/Vin)
1
0.28
2
0.14
3
0.07
4
0.038
5
0.28
6
0.562
7
0.133
8
0.059

Calculated value
0.2033
0.1033
0.051
0.0259
0.2033
0.398
0.10
0.041

The result shows that the measured value is close to the calculated value.

8. Derive equation 4 from first principles. Hint: Vout =

PART B

a) Investigate and explain what is meant by Bows Notation

Bows notation is a graphical process of representing coplanar forces and stresses, using
alphabetical letters, in the solution of stresses or in determining the resultant of a
system of concurrent forces.
Solution
Sum of upward forces = sum of downward forces
R1+R2= 24+30+20 ------ (a)
4 x R2= 30 x (3) + 20 x (2) + 24 x (1)
4R2= 24+40+90
4R2= 154
R2=
To get R1, substitute value of R2 into ---- (a)
R1 +38.5 = 24+30+20
R1= 74 38.5
R1= 35.5
Check for equilibrium 1= 1
35.5 + 38.5 = 24+ 30 + 20
74= 74

b) Figure 2 shows a free body diagram with all adjacent members of the truss spaced at 60
degrees.
24KN
30Kn

D
B

F
E

R1

20KN X

2
R2

Diagram of split drawing;

1.

2.
E

3.

30KN
G

5.

C
F

4.

D
X

R2

X
F

Y
D

G
c) Figure 3 shows two masses connected via a frictionless pulley.
The system held stationary by the force located at F when M1=7kg and M2 = 9kg

M2

M1
Calculate the following when F is removed; then the tension is in the connecting line.
M1= T-7g = 7A
T-(7x9.81) =7A
T= 68.67 +7A
M2 = 9g-T = 9A
(9x9.81)-T=9A
88.29-T=9A
T=88.29-9A
From these equations the tension is still unknown.
(

A= (

)
)

)
(

T=68.67+(7x1.226)=68.67 + 8.582=77.252N

The tension in the connecting line =77.252

The acceleration and the velocity of M2 after 500ms

The acceleration is the same. The acceleration of M2 after 500s= 1.226m

V=A x T=1.226x0.5= 0.613m

The velocity of M2 after 500ms= 0.613 m/s

The distance moved by M1 after 200ms

D=0.5 x A x
= 0.5 x 1.226 x 0. = 0.5 x 1.226 x 0.04 = 0.5 x 0.04904 = 0.02452m
The distance moved by M1 after 200s = 0.02452m