MATLAB基础教程

1 MATLAB 6.5 ...........................................................................................................
6
1.1
MATLAB ......................................................................................................... 6
1.1.1 MATLAB ..................................................................................................... 6
1.1.2 MATLAB ............................................................................................. 6
1.2
MATLAB 6.5 ............................................................................................ 7
1.2.1 ..................................................................................................................... 8
1.2.2 ................................................................................................................... 11
1.2.3 ............................................................................................... 11
1.3
MATLAB 6.5 .................................................................................................. 20
1.4 MATLAB 6.5 ................................................................................................. 21
1.4.1 MATLAB ....................................................................................... 21
1.4.2 ........................................................................................................ 22
1.4.3 ........................................................................................................ 23
1.4.4 MATLAB...................................................................................................... 24
1.5 .......................................................................................................................... 24
2 MATLAB ....................................................................................................... 27
2.1 ...................................................................................................................... 27
2.1.1 ................................................................................................................ 27
2.1.2 ........................................................................................................................ 28
2.1.3 ........................................................................................................................ 29
2.2 ...................................................................................................................... 30
2.2.1 ................................................................................................................ 30
2.2.2 .................................................................................................... 33
2.2.3 .................................................................................................................... 39
2.2.4 .................................................................................................... 43
2.2.5 ................................................................................................................ 54
2.3 ........................................................................................................................... 57
2.3.1 .................................................................................................... 57
2.3.2 ............................................................................................ 60
2.3.3 .................................................................................................... 61
2.4 ............................................................................................................................... 61
2.4.1 ................................................................ 61
2.4.2 .................................................................................... 63
2.4.3 ................................................................................................ 64
2.5 ....................................................................................................... 67
2.5.1 ................................................................................................................ 67
2.5.2 ................................................................................................................ 70
2.6 ........................................................................................................................... 73
2.6.1 ............................................................................................ 73
2.6.2 ............................................................................................................ 74
2.6.3 ........................................................................................ 76
2.6.4 ................................................................................................................ 78
3 MATLAB ....................................................................................................... 79
3.1 .......................................................................................................... 79
3.1.1 ....................................................................................................... 79
3.1.2 ....................................................................................... 80
3.1.3 ............................................................................................................... 81
3.2 ................................................................................................... 83
3.2.1 ........................................................................................ 83
3.2.2 ........................................................................... 85
3.2.3 ............................................................................... 86
3.3 ............................................................................................... 87
3.3.1 ............................................................................ 87
3.3.2 ................................................................................................ 88
3.3.3 ................................................................................................ 91
3.3.4 ............................................................................................ 92
3.3.5 ............................................................................................... 94
3.4 ...................................................................................... 95
3.4.1 ................................................................................................................ 95
3.4.2 ................................................................................................................ 96
3.4.3 ................................................................................................................ 98
3.4.4 ................................................................................................................ 99
3.5 ................................................................................................................ 100
3.5.1 (Fourier)........................................................................ 100
3.5.2 (Laplace)................................................................... 101
3.5.3 Z ............................................................................................... 102
3.6 ............................................................................................................. 103
3.6.1 .............................................................................................................. 103
3.6.2 .................................................................................................. 104
3.7 ......................................................................................................... 105
3.7.1 .......................................................................................... 105
3.7.2 .................................................................................. 107
3.8 Maple .......................................................................................................... 107
3.8.1 Maple .................................................................................................. 107
3.8.2 Maple ............................................................................................. 108
4 MATLAB GUI ........................................................................... 109
4.1 ............................................................................................................. 109
4.1.1 plot............................................................................................... 109
4.1.2 .......................................................................................... 113
4.1.3 .......................................................................................... 114
4.1.4 .......................................................................... 116
4.1.5 ...................................................................................... 117
4.1.6 .................................................................................................. 120
4.2 MATLAB ............................................................................................ 121
4.2.1 plot3..................................................................................... 121
4.2.2 .................................................................................. 122
4.2.3 ...................................................................................... 125
4.2.4 .......................................................................................................... 127
4.3 MATLAB ............................................................................................ 130

4.3.1 .................................................................................................................. 130
4.3.2 .................................................................................................. 131
4.3.3 .................................................................................................................. 132
4.3.4 ...................................................................................................................... 133
4.3.5 .......................................................................................................... 134
4.3.6 .......................................................................................... 134
4.3.7 .............................................................................................................. 135
4.3.8 .............................................................................................................. 136
4.4 ............................................................................................................. 137
4.5 ............................................................................................................................. 138
4.6 ......................................................................................................................... 140
4.6.1 ...................................................................................................... 140
4.6.2 .................................................................................................. 141
4.6.3 .............................................................................. 144
4.7 (GUI)............................................................................................... 146
4.7.1 .............................................................................................. 146
4.7.2 ...................................................................................................................... 147
4.7.3 ...................................................................................................................... 148
4.7.5 .............................................................................................................. 150
4.7.6 GUI ...................................................................................................... 150
4.8 ................................................................................................................................. 153
4.8.1 .......................................................................................... 153
4.8.2 .......................................................................................... 153
5 MATLAB ...................................................................................................... 155
5.1 ..................................................................................................... 155
5.1.1 M ..................................................................................................... 155
5.1.2 M ............................................................................................. 155
5.1.3 M ......................................................................................................... 156
5.1.4 M ......................................................................................................... 157
5.2 ................................................................................................................. 158
5.2.1 for ... end .............................................................................................. 158
5.2.2 while ... end ......................................................................................... 159
5.2.3 Ifelseend .............................................................................. 160
5.2.4 switchcase ........................................................................................ 160
5.2.5 try... catch... end ................................................................................... 162
5.2.6 ...................................................................................................... 162
5.3 ..................................................................................................... 164
5.3.1 .............................................................................................. 164
5.3.2 .......................................................................................... 165
5.3.3 .......................................................................................................... 166
5.3.4 .............................................................................................................. 169
5.4 M ............................................................................................ 171
5.4.1 P ............................................................................................................... 171
5.4.2 M ................................................................................................. 171

5.4.3 JIT ........................................................................................................ 172
5.5 ......................................................................................................................... 175
5.6 ................................................................................................. 176
5.6.1 .................................................................................................. 176
5.6.2 feval ........................................................................................ 177
5.7 ......................................................................................... 178
5.7.1 .............................................................................................................. 179
5.7.2 .............................................................................................................. 180
5.7.3 .............................................................................................................. 181
5.7.4 .............................................................................................. 181
6 ............................................................................................. 183
6.1 ............................................................................................................. 183
6.1.1 .................................................................................................. 183
6.1.2 .................................................................................................. 184
6.1.3 ...................................................................................................... 185
6.1.4 .......................................................................................... 185
6.2 ............................................................................................. 188
6.2.1 .................................................................................. 188
6.2.2 ...................................................................... 191
6.2.3 .................................................................................................. 194
6.3 ..................................................................................................... 196
6.4 ..................................................................................................... 204
6.4.1 .................................................................................................. 204
6.4.2 ...................................................................................................... 205
6.4.3 ...................................................................................................... 206
6.4.4 .................................................................................................. 207
6.4.5 .................................................................................................. 209
6.5 ..................................................................................................... 210
6.5.1 .............................................................................................................. 210
6.5.2 .............................................................................................. 211
6.5.3 .......................................................................................... 214
6.5.4 .............................................................................................. 215
6.6 ................................................................................................. 215
6.6.1 .......................................................................................................... 215
6.6.2 .............................................................................................. 217
6.7 ............................................................................................. 220
6.7.1 .......................................................................................................... 220
6.7.2 .................................................................................................. 221
7 Simulink ....................................................................................................... 222
7.1 Simulink .................................................................................... 222
7.2 Simulink ................................................................................. 224
7.2.1 Simulink .......................................................................................... 224
7.2.2 Simulink .......................................................................................... 224
7.3 .................................................................................................................... 226

7.3.1 .......................................................................................................... 226
7.3.2 ...................................................................................................... 228
7.3.3 .......................................................................................... 229
7.4 Simulink ..................................................................................................... 229
7.4.1 .............................................................................................................. 229
7.4.2 .............................................................................. 231
7.5 ................................................................................................. 234
7.5.1 .......................................................................................................... 234
7.5.2 ...................................................................................................... 235
7.5.3 ...................................................................................................... 238
7.5.4 .................................................................................................. 240
7.6 ................................................................................................................. 240
7.6.1 .......................................................................................................... 240
7.6.2 .................................................................................................. 242
7.6.3 ...................................................................................................... 243
7.7 MATLAB Simulink .............................................................. 247
7.7.1 MATLAB Simulink ............................................................... 247
7.7.2 MATLAB Simulink ............................................................... 249
7.8 Simulink ........................................................................ 250
8 MATLAB ........................................................................................................ 250
8.1 MATLAB ....................................................................................................... 250
8.1.1 MEX ............................................................................................................ 250
8.1.2 MATLAB MEX EXE .............................................. 254
8.2 .................................................................................................... 256
8.2.1 .................................................................................................. 256
8.2.2 .................................................................................................. 257
8.2.3 .................................................................................................. 259
8.2.4 .............................................................................................................. 260
8.3 ............................................................................................................ 262
8.4 Notebook......................................................................................................................... 262
8.4.1 Notebook ................................................................................................. 262
8.4.2 Notebook ................................................................................................. 263
8.4.3 Notebook ................................................................................................. 264
8.4.4 Notebook MATLAB ........................................................................... 267
MATLAB 6.5
1.1 MATLAB
z
MATLAB(Matrix Laborator) MathWorks
z
z
z
MATLIB MATLIB 6.5
1.1.1 MATLAB
z MATLAB
MATLAB
z MATLAB
z MATLAB
(Control System Toolbox)
(System Identification Toolbox)
(Signal Processing Toolbox)
(Neural Network Toolbox)
(Fuzzy Logic Toolbox)
(Wavelet Toolbox)
(Model Predictive Control Toolbox)
(Communication Toolbox)
(Image Processing Toolbox)
(Frequency System Identification Toolbox)
(Optimization Toolbox)
(Partial Differential Equation Toolbox)
(Financial Toolbox)
(Statistics Toolbox)
1.1.2 MATLAB
1
(1)
z MATLAB
z MATLAB
(2)
MATLAB
(3)
MATLAB Notebook Word
MATLAB
2
z
3
z
z
z
4
5. Simulink
MATLAB Simulink
Simulink
1.2
MATLAB 6.5
MATLAB6.5 MATLAB (MATLAB

Desktop) 1.1
1.1 MATLAB 6.5
MATLAB
MATLAB6.5 Start
1.2.1
MATLAB File
Edit
View
Web
WindowHelp
1File
1.2 File
1.1 File
New
M-file
M M /
Figure
Model
GUI
(GUI)
Open...
Close Command History
Import Data...
Save Workspace as...
MAT
Page Setup...
Set Path...
Preferences...
MATLAB
Print...
Print Selection...
Exit MATLAB
MATLAB
2Edit
z Edit 1.3 Edit Windows Edit
z Paste SpecialImport Wizard
1.3 Edit
MATLAB
3View
1.4 View
1.2 View
Desktop Layout
()
Undock Command Window
Command Window
Command History
Current Directory
Workspace
Launch Pad
Profiler
Help
4. Web
1.5 Web
1.3 Web
The MathWorks Web Site
MathWorks
MATLAB Central
MATLAB Central
MATLAB File Exchange
MATLAB File Exchange
MATLAB Newsgroup Access
MATLAB Newsgroup Access
Check for Updates
Products
Membership
MathWorks
Technical Support Knowledge Base
MathWorks
5. Windows
Windows
6. Help
Help
1.6 Help
7.
z
z
Desktop ToolsWebPreferencesHelp
Demos
1.2.2
Cut
New M-File
Copy
Simulink
Past
Open Undo
Redo
Help
1.8
1.2.3
1. (Command Window)
MATLAB
z ViewUndock Command Window
MATLAB ViewDock
Command Window
1.9
(1)
z >>
z
z iffor
1.1
>> a=12.7
a =
12.7000
>> b='Hello'
b =
Hello
>> if a>0 c=5 ,end
c =
5
(2)
MATLAB
1.4
1.4
Home
End
Delete
Backspace
PageUp
Esc
Page Down
CTRL+C
MATLAB
(3)
1.5
MATLAB
()
[]
{}
At
MATLAB
1.2
>> a=12.5,b='Hello' %,,
a =
12.5000
b =
Hello
>>c=[1 2;3 4;5 6]
% [ ],,
c =
1
>> d=a*...
%...
(4)
z 4
(Short)
z File Preferences
1.10
1.10
z format
format
1.6
Format
format
1000
314.159 314.1590
format short()
3141.59 3.1416e+003
format short e
3.1416e+000
format short g
format short format short e
3.1416
format long
15
3.14159265358979
format long e
15
3.141592653589793e+000
format long g
format long format long e
3.1415926358979
format rat
355/113
format hex
400921fb54442dl8
format +
format bank
()
3.14
format compact
format loose
(5)
clc
more
2. (Command History)
1.7
Copy
(Copy)
Evaluate Selection
(Evaluate
Selection)
Create M-File
(Create M-File)
M /
1.11
1.11
3. (Current Directory Browser)

(1)
Windows MATLAB
matlab/work
MATLAB matlab/bin/win32matlab.exe
matlab/bin/win32
M MAT
1.13
MATLAB

cd
%
cd
%
cd ..
%
(2)
1.8
Run M
(Run)
M
(Open)
M Open M
M /
M
MAT
MAT Open
(Open)
MAT
MAT
MAT Import Data
Import Wizard
(Import Data)
Finish
(3) M MAT
M MAT
FilepreferencesPreferencesCurrent Directory
Brower Display OptionsShow M-file Comments and MAT-file
CommentsOK
4. (Workspace Browser)
z MATLAB
z
a=12.5
b='Hello'
c=[1 2;3 4;5 6]
1.14
1.14
(1)
1.9
Open
Array Editor
Graph
Save Workspace As
MAT
Save Selection As
MAT
Delete
Confirm DeleteYes
EditDelete
Clear Workspace
(2)
save: MAT
save FileName 1 2
%
FileName MAT
1 2
-ASCII-append
>> save FileName1
>> save FileName2 a b
>> save FileName3 a b -append
% FileName1.mat
% ab FileName2.mat
% ab FileName3.mat
load:
load FileName 1 2
1 2
>> load Filename1

>> load FileName2 a b
% FileName1.mat
% FileName2.mat ab
who: MATLAB
>> who
Your variables are:
a b c
whos: MATLAB
>> whos
Name
Size
Bytes
a
1x1
8
b
1x5
10
c
3x2
48
Grand total is 12 elements using 66 bytes
Class
double array
char array
double array
clear:
>> clear a
>> who
Your variables are:
b c
exist(X) :
i=exist(X)
%X
i=1 X
i=2 X.m
i=3 X.mex
i=4 X.mdl
i=5 X
i=0
5. (Array Editor)
Open
1.15 c=[1 2;3 4;5 6]Array Editor
1.15
Array Editor
Numeric format
by
Size

6. (Launch Pad)
Import WizardProfiler
GUIDE
Help
Demos
Demos
Product Page (Web)
7. M (Editor
Debugger)
M
MATLAB
FileNewM-file M
MATLAB
1.16
FileOpenOpen
M
M (.m) M
1.17 M

1.17 Ex0101.m M
8. (Help NavigatorBrowser)
ViewHelpHelpMATLAB
Help
9. (Profiler)
ViewProfilerprofile viewer
1.18
ViewDock profiler MATLAB
1.18
1.3
MATLAB 6.5
MATLAB6.5
MATLAB
1.
1.19
1.19
1.19 Help Navigator()

Help Browser()
(1) Contents
Begin Here MATLAB
Release Notes For Release R13
Installation
MATLAB
Getting Started MATLAB
Examples
Development Environment MATLAB
Mathematics MATLAB
Programming and Data Types M
Graphics
Printable Documentation PDF
(2) Index
Index MATLAB
(3) Search
Search
(4) Demos
Demos MATLAB Demo
(5) Favorites
Favorites ()
2.
help MATLAB
help topic
%
lookfor
lookfor topic
% M H1 (
)
lookfor topic all % M
helpwin( 1.19 )
helpwin topic
%
3. PDF
MATLAB 6.5 PDF PDF
..\matlab\help\pdf-doc Adobe Acrobat Reader
4.
(1) Demos
Demos
MATLAB
(2) Web
MathWorks MATLAB
MATLAB MATLAB
1.4 MATLAB 6.5

1.4.1 MATLAB
1.
M .mM M
MATLAB M
2.
MAT .mat
save
3.
MEX .mex MATLAB M
M ( 8.1 )
4.
.figFile MATLAB
5.
.mdl Simulink .s
1.4.2
1. MATLAB
MATLAB
MATLAB X
X MATLAB (Built-in Function)
X.mX.mex
MATLAB X.m X.mex
MATLAB
existwhichload MATLAB
2. MATLAB
(1)
MATLAB FileSet Path
pathtool
1.21
Add FolderAdd with Subfolders
(2) path
path (path, )
% MATLAB
>> path(path,'c: :\MyDir ')
1.4.3
what MMATMEX
>> what
M-files in the current directory D:\MATLAB6p1\toolbox\matlab\elfun
Contents
asech
cosh
isreal
sec
abs
asin
cot
log
sech
acos
asinh
coth
log10
sign
acosh
atan
cplxpair
log2
sin
acot
atan2
csc
mod
sinh
acoth
atanh
csch
nextpow2
sqrt
acsc
ceil
exp
pow2
tan
acsch
complex
fix
real
tanh
angle
conj
floor
rem
unwrap
asec
cos
imag
round
MEX-files in the current directory D:\MATLAB6p1\toolbox\matlab\elfun
complex
dir
dir %
>> dir
.
..
Contents.m
abs.m
acos.m
acosh.m
acot.m
acoth.m
acsc.m
acsch.m
angle.m
asec.m
asech.m
asin.m
asinh.m
cplxpair.m pow2.m
atan.m
csc.m
real.m
atan2.m
csch.m
rem.m
atanh.m
exp.m
round.m
ceil.m
fix.m
sec.m
complex.c
floor.m
sech.m
complex.csf imag.m
sign.m
complex.dll isreal.m
sin.m
complex.m
ja
sinh.m
conj.m
log.m
sqrt.m
cos.m
log10.m
tan.m
cosh.m
log2.m
tanh.m
cot.m
mod.m
unwrap.m
coth.m
nextpow2.m
type M
>> type abs.m
%ABS
Absolute value.
% ABS(X) is the absolute value of the elements of X. When
%
X is complex, ABS(X) is the complex modulus (magnitude) of
%
the elements of X.
%
%
See also SIGN, ANGLE, UNWRAP.
%
Copyright 1984-2001 The MathWorks, Inc.
%
$Revision: 5.8 $ $Date: 2001/04/15 12:02:51 $
%
Built-in function.
which M MEX Simulink
>> which abs.m

D:\MATLAB6p1\toolbox\matlab\elfun\abs.m
matlabroot MATLAB
>> matlabroot
ans =
D:\MATLAB6p1
diary()
diary ('file')
%
diary off
% diary
diary on
% diary
1.4.4 MATLAB
MATLAB
MATLAB exit
MATLAB quit
MATLAB
1.5
1.3 MATLAB
MATLAB
(Command Window)
a=[1 2 3; 4 5 6;7 8 9];
b=[1 1 1;2 2 2;3 3 3 ];
c='';
d=a+b*i
(Workspace Browser)
1.22
d(Array Editor) 1.23
1.23
(Command History) 1.24

Create M-File M
1.24
M (EditorDebugger) 1.25
Savec:\MyDir\Ex0103.m
1.25 M
(Current Directory Browser)c:\MyDir

Ex0103.mEx0103
save Ex0103
Ex0103.mat 1.26
1.26
exit MATLAB
MATLAB Ex0103
MATLAB
MATLAB FileSet Path
c:\MyDir
Ex0103
1.27
Ex0103.matFileImport Data
c:\MyDir\ Ex0103.mat
>> type Ex0103
a=[1 2 3; 4 5 6;7 8 9];
b=[1 1 1;2 2 2;3 3 3 ];
c='';
d=a+b*i
MATLAB
MATLAB
2.1
2.1.1
(uint8uint16uint32uint64)(int8int16int32int64)
2.1.2
1.

10-30910309
-25.672.56e-56( 2.5610-56)4.68e204( 4.6810204)

2.
MATLAB
11
1n n1
00
([])
n
3.
MATLAB ij
z=a+b*i z=a+b*j
z=a+bi z=a+bj( b )
z=r*exp(i*theta)
z
a=real(z)
%
b=imag(z)
%
r=abs(z)
%
theta=angle(z)
%
z a=r*cos()
z b=r*sin()
z r = a 2 + b 2
z theta=arctg(b/a)
a=1-2*i
a =
1.0000 - 2.0000i
real(a)
ans =
1
imag(a)
ans =
-2
abs(a)
ans =
2.2361
angle(a)*180/pi
ans =
-63.4349
2.1.3
1.
aA
63 63 MATLAB6.5
31

(%)6ABCAB%C
( ifwhile )
2.
MATLAB MATLAB
2.1
ans
pi
eps
flops
inf
1/0
NaN nan
0/0/0
i j
i=j=
nargin
nargout
realmin
realmax
z MATLAB ans
2*pi
ans =
6.2832
2.2
MATLAB
2.2.1
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
([])
1.
% [ ],,
c=[1 2;3 4;5 3*2]
c =
1
c=[1 2
3 4
5 6]
1
2.
(1) from:step:to
from:to
from:step:to
fromstep to
step step=1
step step>0 from>to step<0 from<to
2.1from:step:to
x1=2:5
x1 =
2
x2=2:0.5:4
x2 =
2.0000
2.5000
3.0000
3.5000
x3=5:-1:2
x3 =
5
x4=2:-1:3
2
%
x4 =
Empty matrix: 1-by-0
x5=2:-1:0.5
x5 =
2
x6=[1:2:5;1:3:7]
x6 =
1
(2) linspace logspace

linspace(a,b,n)
4.0000
abn
a b n n 100
logspace linspace
logspace (a,b,n)
abn n 50
10a 10b n
2.2 linspace logspace
x1=linspace(0,2*pi,5)
% 0 2*pi 5
x1 =
0
1.5708
3.1416
4.7124
6.2832
% 1 100 3
x2=logspace(0,2,3)
x2 =
1
10
100
3.
MATLAB 2.2
2.2
zeros(m,n)
mn
zeros(2,3)
ans =
ones(m,n)
mn
ones(2,3)
ans =
1
1
rand(m,n)
rand(2,3)
ans =
0.9501
0.6068
0.8913
0.2311
0.4860
0.7621
-0.4326
0.1253
-1.1465
-1.6656
0.2877
1.1909
0.0
1.0
randn(m,n)
randn(2,3)
ans =
magic(N)
magic(3)
ans =
)
eye(m,n)
mn
eye(3)
ans =
zerosonesrandrandn eye n nn ;
eye(m,n) m n 0
2.3 eye
X1=eye(2,3)
X1 =
1
X2=eye(3,2)
X2 =
1
4. MAT
loadFileImport Data MAT
5. M
M MATLAB
MATLAB M
2.2.2
1.
(1)
mn a
i j a(i,j)
z (i,j)(m,n)
MATLAB
z (i,j)(m,n) MATLAB
0
a=[1 2;3 4;5 6]
a =
1
a(3,3)
% a(3,3)
??? Index exceeds matrix dimensions.

% a(3,3)
a(3,3)=9
a =
1
(2)
mn a a(i,j) s= (i-1)mj
2.
(1)
a 2.2
13 23
a([1 3],[2 3])
ans =
2
13 123
13 23
a(1:3,2:3)
ans =
13 3
a(:,3)
ans =
0
0
9
13 3 end
3
a(1:3,end)
ans =
0
0
9
(2)
1326
a([1 3;2 6])
ans =
1
(3)
0 1
a(L1,L2) L1L2 L1L2 0
2.5 a 2.2
l1=logical([1 0 1])
% l1
l1 =
1
l2=logical([1 1 0])
% l2
l2 =
1
a(l1,l2)
ans =
0
% 13 12
2.5
b=a>1
% b
b =
0
a(b)
ans =
3
5
2
4
6
9
3.
a(i,j)=b a b a
clear a
% 1
a(1:2,1:3)=[1 1 1;1 1 1]
a =
1
a(s)=bb a
% 56
a(5:6)=[2 3]
a =
1
a(:)=b a b a
a=[1 2;3 4;5 6]

a =
1
b=[1 2 3;4 5 6]
b =
1
6
% a
a(:)=b
a =
1
4
2
5
3
6
4.
([])
a=[1 2 0;3 4 0;5 6 9]
a =
1
9
%
a(:,3)=[]
a =
1
6
%
a(1)=[]
a =
3
a=[]
6
%
a =
[]
5.
MATLAB []
a=[1 2 0;3 4 0;5 6 9]
a =
9
% 63
[a;a]
ans =
1
a=[1 2 0;3 4 0;5 6 9]

[a a]
% 36
ans =
1
a=[1 2 0;3 4 0;5 6 9]

[a(1:2,1:2) 10*a(1:2,2:3)]
ans =
1
20
40
6.
a=
1
2
3
4
5
6
0
0
9
2.3
triu(X)
tril(X)
triu(a)
ans =
tril(a)
ans =
1
flipud(X)
flipud(a)
fliplr(X)
fliplr(a)
flipdim(X,dim)
rot90(X)
flipdim(a,1)
ans =
ans =
ans =
dim=1
dim=2
rot90(a)
900
ans =
2.2.3
MATLAB
()
() ASCII
clear
str1='Hello'
str1 =
Hello
str2='I like ''MATLAB'''
str2 =
I like 'MATLAB'
str3='!'
str3 =
!
1.
whos
Name
Size
Bytes Class
str1
1x5
10 char array
str2
1x15
30 char array
str3
1x3
6 char array
2.
length()
double ASCII (ASCII 32)
char ASCII
class ischarclass char
ischar 1
strcmp(x,y) x y 1 0
findstr(x,x1) x x1
deblank(x )
MATLAB ASCII
%
length(str1)
ans =
5
% ASCII
x1=double(str1)
x1 =
72
101
108
108
111
%
x2=str1+1
x2 =
73
102
char(x1)
ans =
Hello
char(x2)
109
109
112
% ASCII
ans =
Ifmmp
class(str1)
ans =
char
class(x1)
ans =
double
ischar(str1)
ans =
1
3.
(1)
,
clear
str1='Hello';
str2='I like ''MATLAB''';
str3='!'
%
str4=[str1,'! ',str2]
str4 =
Hello! I like 'MATLAB'
(2)
() MATLAB
str5=[str1;str3]
??? Error using ==> vertcat
All rows in the bracketed expression must have the same
number of columns.
str5=[str1;str3,' ']
str5 =
Hello
!
% str3
(3) str2matstrvcat char

str2matstrvcat char
str6=str2mat(str1,str2,str3)
str6 =
Hello
I like 'MATLAB'
!
str7=char(str1,str2,str3)
str7 =
Hello
I like 'MATLAB'
!
str8=strvcat(str1,str2)
str8 =
Hello
I like 'MATLAB'
whos
Name
Size
Bytes Class
str1
1x5
10 char array
str2
1x15
30 char array
str3
1x3
6 char array
str4
1x22
44 char array
str5
2x5
20 char array
str6
3x15
90 char array
str7
3x15
90 char array
str8
2x15
60 char array
5.
eval MATLAB
str9='a=2*5'
str9 =
a=2*5
eval(str9)
a =
10
6.
disp (;)
disp(' 2*2 a')
2*2 a
disp(str1)
Hello
2.2.4
1.
a=
1
4
7
2
5
8
3
6
9
2.4
det(X)
det(a)
ans =
0
rank(X)
rank(a)
ans =
2
inv(X)
X det(X)
inv(a )
Warning:
is
close
to
singular or badly scaled.
X-1
X X-1
Matrix
Results
may
be
inaccurate. RCOND = 1.541976e-018.

ans =
1.0e+016 *
[v,d]=eig(X)
[v,d]=eig(a)
-0.4504
0.9007
-0.4504
0.9007
-1.8014
0.9007
-0.4504
0.9007
-0.4504
v =
-0.2320
-0.7858
0.4082
Xv=vd
-0.5253
-0.0868
-0.8165
-0.8187
0.6123
0.4082
v d
d =
16.1168
0
0
diag(X)
diag(a)
-1.1168
-0.0000
ans =
1
5
9
[l,u]=lu(X)
[l,u]=lu(a)
l =
0.1429
1.0000
0.5714
0.5000
1.0000
7.0000
0
0
mn X
[q,r]=qr(a)
8.0000
0.8571
0
9.0000
1.7143
0.0000
q =
-0.1231
0.9045
0.4082
-0.4924
0.3015
-0.8165
-0.8616
-0.3015
0.4082
q X
r =
n m
-8.1240
0
0
[u,s,v]=svd(X)
1.0000
u =
[q,r]=qr(X)
mn X
[u,s,v]=svd(a)
-9.6011 -11.0782
0.9045
0
1.8091
-0.0000
u =
-0.2148
0.8872
0.4082
u,v nn
-0.5206
0.2496
-0.8165
mm s
-0.8263
-0.3879
0.4082
mn
s =
16.8481
n m
1.0684
0.0000
v =
-0.4797
-0.7767
-0.4082
-0.5724
-0.0757
0.8165
-0.6651
0.6253
-0.4082

det(a)=0 det(a) inv(a)
( cond)
MATLAB
a=[1 2 3;4 5 6;7 8 9]
a =
1
inv(a)
Warning: Matrix is close to singular or badly scaled.
Results may be inaccurate. RCOND = 1.541976e-018.
ans =
1.0e+016 *
-0.4504
0.9007
-0.4504
0.9007
-1.8014
0.9007
-0.4504
0.9007
-0.4504
2.
(1)
z A B
z AB
(2) *
z A B
z .* A B A B
x1=[1 2;3 4;5 6];

x2=eye(3,2)
x2 =
1
0
%
x1+x2
ans =
2
x1.*x2
ans =
1
0
% x1 x2
x1*x2
??? Error using ==> *

Inner matrix dimensions must agree.
x3=eye(2,3)
x3 =
1
0
%
x1*x3
ans =
1
(3)
\/
A\B=A-1*B
A/B=A*B-1
A-1 inv(A)

A.\BA./B
A B
2x 1 x 2 + 3x 3 = 5
2.12 3x 1 + x 2 5x 3 = 5
4x x + x = 9
2
3
1
AX=B
2 1 3
5
A = 3 1 5 B = 5
4 1 1
9
A=[2 -1 3;3 1 -5;4 -1 1]
A =
2
-1
-5
-1
B=[5;5;9]
B =
5
5
9
X=A\B
X =
2
-1
0
z A*X=B mn A m n
z n=mA A\Binv(A)*B
z m > nX=inv(A*A)*(A*B)
z m < X n-m X=inv(A*A)*(A*B)
(4)
A^B A
A
B A B
B A |B|
B
B A A=W*D/WD A^B=W*D^B/W
A
B A A=W*D/WD A^B=W*diag(D.^B)/W
A.^B
A B A(i,j) B
A B A B A(i,j) B(i,j)
A B A^ B(i,j) i j
2.13
x1=[1 2;3 4];
x2=eye(2)
x2 =
1
x1/x2
ans =
1
4
%
inv(x1)
ans =
-2.0000
1.0000
1.5000
-0.5000
%
x1\x2
ans =
-2.0000
1.0000
1.5000
-0.5000
%
x1./x2
Warning: Divide by zero.

(Type "warning off MATLAB:divideByZero" to suppress this warning.)
ans =
1
Inf
Inf
4
%
x1.\x2
ans =
1.0000
0
0
0.2500
%
x1^2
ans =
7
10
15
22
x1^-1
%-1 inv
ans =
-2.0000
1.0000
1.5000
-0.5000
x1^0.2
ans =
0.8397 + 0.3672i
0.2562 - 0.1679i
0.3842 - 0.2519i
1.2239 + 0.1152i
%
2^x1
ans =
10.4827
14.1519
21.2278
31.7106
%
2.^x1
ans =
2
16
%
x1.^x2
ans =
1
3.

A A A

A. A A
2.14
x1=[1 2;3 4];
x2=eye(2);
x3=x1+x2*i
x3 =
1.0000 + 1.0000i
3.0000
x3'
2.0000
4.0000 + 1.0000i
ans =
1.0000 - 1.0000i
2.0000
x3.'
3.0000
4.0000 - 1.0000i
ans =
1.0000 + 1.0000i
2.0000
3.0000
4.0000 + 1.0000i
4.
MATLAB 2.5
2.5
abs
rat
sqrt
mod
real
round
4 5
imag
fix
conj
floor
sin
ceil
cos
sign
tan
rem
asin
exp
acos
log
atan
log10
10
atan2
pow2
sinh
bessel
cosh
gamma
tanh
2.15
t=linspace(0,2*pi,6)
t =
0
1.2566
2.5133
3.7699
5.0265
6.2832
-0.5878
-0.9511
-0.0000
y=sin(t)
y =
0
0.9511
0.5878
y1=abs(y)
y1 =
0
0.9511
1-exp(-t).*y
0.5878
0.5878
0.9511
0.0000
ans =
1.0000
0.7293
0.9524
1.0136
1.0062
1.0000
S AB
2.6
A+B
A+B
A-B
A-B
S.*B
S B
S*B
A.*B
A*B
S./B
S B
S\B
B S
A./B
A B
A/B
A B A B
B.\A
B\A
A B()
A.^S
A S
A^S
A S
A^S
S A
A.^S
S A
S.^B
S^B
B S
A.
conj(A)
expm(A)
exp(A)
e A
log(A)
logm(A)
sqrt(A)
sqrtm(A)
f(A)
funm(A,
FUN)
funm(A,FUN) A FUN
5.
(1)
<<=>>= = =() ~=()
(1)(0)
0
1

0 1
<<= >>=
= = ~=
(2)
&()|()~() xor()
&&() 1()
|| () 1()
1()
0 (1)0 (0) 0 1
2.7
2.7
a
a &b
a| b
~a
xor(a,b)
01

a=0;b=5; c=10;
(a~=0)&&(b<c)
ans =
0
(a~=0)||(b<c)
ans =
1
2.16 y1 2.3
t=linspace(0,3*pi,10);
y=sin(t)
%
y =
Columns 1 through 6
0
0.8660
0.8660
0.0000
-0.8660
-0.8660
Columns 7 through 10
-0.0000
0.8660
0.8660
0.0000
t1=(t<pi)|(t>2*pi)
t1 =
1
y1=t1.*y
y1 =
% 0 23
Columns 1 through 6
0
0.8660
0.8660
0
0.8660
0.8660
0.0000
(3)
MATLAB (1)(0)
a=
b=
1
Inf
0
1
0
2
1
0
2.8
all(A)
any(A)
isequal(A,B)
isempty(A)
isfinite(A)
isinf(A)
isnan(A)
isnumeric(A)
A00
1
all(a)
ans =
0
A0 any(a)
1
ans =
AB
1
ans =
isequal(a,b)
ans =
A1
ans =
ANAN
1
isfinite(a)
isinf(a)
isnan(a)
isnumeric(a)
ans =
0
ans =
0
ans =
1
isreal(A)
A1 isempty(a)
0
A1
A isreal(a)
1
ans =
1
isprime(A)
A1
isspace(A)
A1
find(A)
A0
isprime(b)
isspace(a)
find(b)
ans =
0
ans =
0
ans =
2
3
6.
MATLAB
'()^().'().^()
~()
*()/()\().*()./().\()
+-()
: ()
<<=>>=~=
&()
|()
&&()
||()
2.2.5
1.
(1)
a(:,:,2)=[1 2;3 4]
b=[1 1;2 2]
%
%
b =
1
b(:,:,2)=5
b(:,:,1) =
1
b(:,:,2) =
5
(2) oneszerosrand randn

rand
rand(2,4,3)
ans(:,:,1) =
0.9501
0.6068
0.8913
0.4565
0.2311
0.4860
0.7621
0.0185
0.8214
0.6154
0.9218
0.1763
0.4447
0.7919
0.7382
0.4057
0.9355
0.4103
0.0579
0.8132
0.9169
0.8936
0.3529
0.0099
ans(:,:,2) =
ans(:,:,3) =
(3)

cat(,p1,p2,)
p1p2

repmat(p)
repmat(p, )
p

reshape(p)
reshape(p, )
p
2.18
a=[1 2;3 4];
b=[1 1;2 2];
c= cat(2,a,b)
% c
c =
1
cat(3,a,b)
ans(:,:,1) =
1
ans(:,:,2) =
1
repmat(a,[2 2 2])
% a
ans(:,:,1) =
1
ans(:,:,2) =
1
reshape(c,[2 2 2])
% 2 2 2
ans(:,:,1) =
1
ans(:,:,2) =
1
2.

ndims (p)
[m,n,]=size(p)
%
m=size(p,x)
%
p m n
x=1 ()x=2 ()
length(p)
length(p) max(size(p))
2.19
a=[1 2;3 4;5 6]
a =
1
ndims(a)
ans =
2
size(a)
ans =
3
size(a,2)
ans =
2
length(a)
ans =
3
2.3
0 0
(Sparse Matrix)
2.3.1
0
1. sparse
sparse
sparse(i,j,s,m,n)
%
sparse(p)
% p
ij 0 s 0 mn s
ijs s(k) i(k) j(k)
p
2.20
a=eye(3);
a(4,:)=[-5 -2 -3]
a =
1
-5
-2
-3
b=sparse(a)
b =
(1,1)
(4,1)
-5
(2,2)
(4,2)
-2
(3,3)
(4,3)
-3
c=sparse([1 4 2 4 3 4],[1 1 2 2 3 3],[1 -5 1 -2 1 -3])
% b
c =
(1,1)
(4,1)
-5
(2,2)
(4,2)
-2
(3,3)
(4,3)
-3
sparse full
full(p)
% p
2.20
full(b)
ans =
1
-5
-2
-3
2. spdiags
spdiags
spdiags(D,k,m,n)
D k (0
1 1 )m
n
2.20 spdiags
D=[3 2 9;2 4 9;1 1 4]
D =
3
d=[0 1 2];
s=spdiags(D,d,4,3)
% 4 3
s =
(1,1)
(1,2)
(2,2)
(1,3)
(2,3)
(3,3)
full(s)
ans =
3
s D
3 2 12 4 12
9 9 49 9
3. spconvert
load spconvert (*.dat)
save load MAT
MAT
spconvert (Filename)
2.20 load spconvert
ASCspr.dat
111
4 1 -5
221
4 2 -2
331
4 3 -3
1 2 3
load spr.dat
%
b= spconvert(spr)
b=
(1,1)
1
(4,1)
-5
(2,2)
1
(4,2)
-2
(3,3)
1
(4,3)
save spr b
clear
load spr b
b
b=
(1,1)
(4,1)
(2,2)
(4,2)
(3,3)
(4,3)
-3
% spr.mat
% spr.mat
1
-5
1
-2
1
-3
2.3.2
MATLAB
nnz
nonzeros
nzmax nnz>nzmax MATLAB
nzmax
spy
2.20 2.4 spy
2.4
nnz(b)
ans =
6
nonzeros(b)
ans =
1
-5
1
-2
1
-3
nzmax(b)
ans =
6
spy(b)
2.3.3
+
-
*
\ &
.*
cat[]
2.4
p1(x)= x3+21x2+20x
p1=[1 21 20 0]
% 0
2.4.1
1.
polyval
polyval(p,s)
p , s
2.21 p(x)= x3+21x2+20x
p1=[1 21 20 0];
polyval(p1,2)
% x=2
ans =
132
x=0:0.5:3;
% x
polyval(p1,x)
ans =
0
15.3750
42.0000
80.6250
132.0000
196.8750
276.0000
2.
roots
r=roots(p)
p r
roots poly
p=poly (r)
2.21 p1(x)= x3+21x2+20x
roots(p1)
%
ans =
0
-20
-1
poly([0;-20;-1])
ans =
1
21
20
3.
s poly
roots
p=poly (s)
s p
2.21
s=[1 2;3 4]
s =
1
p2=poly(s)
p2 =
1.0000
roots(p2)
-5.0000
-2.0000
%
ans =
5.3723
-0.3723
p2=x2-5x-2 s 5.3723 -0.3723 s

eig s
4.
residue
r
r
B(s)
= 1 + 2 +
A(s) s p1 s p 2
rn
s pn
+ k(s)
[r,p,k]=residue(b,a)
b a r [r1 r2 rn]p [p1
p2 pn]k
100(s + 2)
2.21
s(s + 1)(s + 20)

p1=[1 21 20 0];
p3=[100 200];
[r,p,k]=residue(p3,p1)
r =
-4.7368
-5.2632
10.0000
p =
-20
-1
0
k =
[]
100(s + 2)
4.7368 + 5.2632 + 10
s(s + 1)(s + 20)
s + 20
s +1
s
2.4.2
1.

p=conv(pl,p2)
p p1 p2

[q,r]=deconv(pl,p2)
p1 p2 q
r
2.22 s(s + 1)(s + 20)
a1=[1 0];
% s
a2=[1 1];
% s+1
a3=[1 20];
% s+20
p1=conv(a1,a2)
p1 =
1
p1=conv(p1,a3)
% s(s+1)(s+20)
p1 =
1
21
20
[p2,r]=deconv(p1,a3)
p2 =
1
r =
0
conv(p2,a3)+r
%*+
ans =
1
21
20
2.
polyder
MATLAB [p./length(p):-1:1,k]
k
2.22
p4=polyder(p1)
%
p4 =
3
42
20
s=length(p4):-1:1
s =
3
p1=[p4./s,0]
%, k=0
p1 =
1
21
20
p4(x)= 3x2+42x+20 p1(x)= x3+21x2+20x
2.4.3
1.
polyfit
2
f(x i ) y i
f(x)
i =1
p=polyfit(x,y,n)
xy N n p
p n+1
2.23 y1=2x13-x12+5x1+10
2.5
2.5
x1=1:10;
p=[2 -1 5 10];
y0=polyval(p,x1)
y0 =
Columns 1 through 6
16
32
70
142
1432
1960
682
1010
p1=polyfit(x1,y0,1)
p1 =
204.8000 -522.4000
p2=polyfit(x1,y0,2)
p2 =
260
436
32.0000 -147.2000 181.6000

p3=polyfit(x1,y0,3)
p3 =
2.0000
-1.0000
5.0000
10.0000
2.
1.
interp1
yi=interp1(x,y,xi,method)
xy xi x yi y
method linear()nearest
splinecubic
2.23 9.5 2.6
2.6
x1
y0
y01=interp1(x1,y0,9.5)
x1 =
1
10
y0 =
Columns 1 through 6
16
32
70
142
1432
1960
682
y01 =
1010
260
436
1696
y02=interp1(x1,y0,9.5,'spline')
y02 =
1682
2.
interp2
zi=interp2(x,y,z,xi,yi,method)
method linear()nearest
cubic
2.5
MATLAB (Cell Array)(Structure Array)
2.5.1
1.
(Cell)
(1) {}
2.24{}
clear
A={'This is the first Cell.',[1 2;3 4];eye(3),{'Tom','Jane'}}
A =
[1x23 char ]
[2x2 double]
[3x3 double]
{1x2 cell }
whos
Name
Size
2x2
Bytes Class
524 cell array
A(1,1)A(1,2)A(2,1)
A(2,2)
(2)
2.24
B(1,1)={'This is the second Cell.'}
B =
'This is the second Cell.'
B(1,2)={5+3*i}
B =
[1x24 char]
[5.0000+ 3.0000i]
B(1,3)={[1 2;3 4; 5 6]}

B =
[1x24 char]
[5.0000+ 3.0000i]
[3x2 double]
(3)
2.24
C{1,1}='This is the third Cell.';
C{2,1}=magic(4)
C =
'This is the third Cell.'
[4x4 double]
2.
MATALB
2.24 A
A
A =
[1x23 char ]
[2x2 double]
[3x3 double]
{1x2 cell }
(1) celldisp
celldisp(A)
A{1,1} =
This is the first Cell.
A{2,1} =
1
A{1,2} =
1
A{2,2}{1} =
Tom
A{2,2}{2} =
Jane
celldisp(B)
B{1} =
This is the second Cell.
B{2} =
5.0000 + 3.0000i
B{3} =
1
celldisp(C)
C{1} =
This is the third Cell.
C{2} =
16
13
11
10
12
14
15
{}A{2,2}{1} 2 2
1
(2) cellplot
2.24 cellplot 2.7
cellplot(A)
2.7
3.
(1)
2.24 A(1,2)
x1=A{1,2}
% A(1,2)
x1 =
1
x2=A{1,2}(2,2)
% A(1,2)
x2 =
4
x1 x2
(2)
x3=A(1,2)
x3 =
[2x2 double]
x3
(3) deal
[x4,x5,x6]=deal(A{[2,3,4]})
x4 =
1
x5 =
x6 =
'Tom'
'Jane'
2.5.2
(Structure)(Fields)
1.
(1)
2.25
ps(1).name=' 1'
ps =
name: ' 1'
ps(1).color='red'
ps =
name: ' 1'
color: 'red'
ps(1).position=[0,0,300,300]
ps =
name: ' 1'
color: 'red'
position: [0 0 300 300]
ps(2).name=' 2';
ps(2).color='blue';
ps(2).position=[100,100,300,300]
ps =
1x2 struct array with fields:
name
color
position
ps ps(1) ps(2)namecolor position

(2) struct
2.25 struct
ps(1)=struct('name','
1','color','red','position',[0,0,300,300]);
ps(2)=struct('name','
2','color','blue','position',[100,100,300,300])
ps =
1x2 struct array with fields:
name
color
position
2.
(1) .
2.25
x1=ps(1)
x1 =
name: ' 1'
color: 'red'
position: [0 0 300 300]
x2=ps(1).position
x2 =
0
300
300
x3=ps(1).position(1,3)
x3 =
300
x1 x2 x3
(2) getfield
x4=getfield(ps,{1},'color')
x4 =
red
x5=getfield(ps,{1},'color',{1})
x5 =
r
(3) setfield
ps=setfield(ps,{1},'color','green');
ps(1)
ans =
name: ' 1'
color: 'green'
position: [0 0 300 300]
3.
(1) fieldnames
x6=fieldnames(ps)
x6 =
'name'
'color'
'position'
x6 2.8
2.8
(2)
[]
all_x=[ps.name]
all_x =
1 2
cat
cat(1,ps.position)
%
ans =
0
100
0
100
300
300
300
300
cat(2,ps.position)
ans =
0
300
300
cat(3,ps.position)
100
100
300
300
ans(:,:,1) =
0
300
300
ans(:,:,2) =
100
100
300
300
2.6
2.6.1
43 a
2.9
2.9
5.30
13.00
0.40
5.10
11.80
-1.70
3.70
8.10
0.60
1.50
7.70
-4.50
MATLAB 2.10
2.10
max(X)
5.3000
13.0000
0.6000
min(X)
1.5000
7.7000
-4.5000
mean(X)
3.9000
10.1500
-1.3000
3.9000
10.1500
-1.3000
std(X)
(mean)
median(X)
4.4000
9.9500
-0.6500
var(X)
3.0667
7.0167
5.6333
3.0667
4.0867
3.0667
4.0867
7.0167
2.7100
3.0667
2.7100
5.6333
1.0000
0.8810
0.7378
0.8810
1.0000
0.4310
0.7378
0.4310
1.0000
1.5000
7.7000
-4.5000
3.7000
8.1000
-1.7000
5.1000
11.8000
0.4000
5.3000
13.0000
0.6000
C=cov(X)
S=corrcoef(X)
S(i,j)=C(i,j)/ C (i, i)C ( j, j )

x y
sort(a,1)=
[S,k]=sort(X,n)
n k S
2.6.2
MATLAB
2.11
a
a=
5.3000 13.0000
0.4000
5.1000 11.8000
-1.7000
3.7000
8.1000
0.6000
1.5000
7.7000
-4.5000
2.11
n m
diff(X,m,n)
[fx,fy]=gradient(Z)
sum(X)
cumsum(X,n)
diff(a,1,1) %
-0.2000
-1.2000
-2.1000
-1.4000
-3.7000
2.3000
-2.2000
-0.4000
-5.1000
7.7000
-2.4500 -12.6000
Z xy
gradient(a) %
6.7000
-3.4000 -13.5000
4.4000
-1.5500
6.2000
-3.0000 -12.2000
sum(a)
15.6000
40.6000
-7.5000
-5.2000
5.3000
18.3000
18.7000
cumsum(a,2) %
5.1000
16.9000
15.2000
3.7000
11.8000
12.4000
1.5000
9.2000
4.7000
cumprod(X,n)
5.3000
68.9000
27.5600
cumprod(a,2) %
5.1000
60.1800
-102.3060
3.7000
29.9700
17.9820
1.5000
11.5500
-51.9750
12.2000 30.2500
trapz(X,y)
-3.1500
trapz(a)
x
y
0
cumtrapz(X,y,n)
n y
cumtrapz(a)%
5.2000
12.4000
-0.6500
9.6000
22.3500
-1.2000
12.2000
30.2500
-3.1500
2.26 y = e 0.2 sin(t) t [0 10] y y

2.9
t=0:0.5:10;
y=exp(-0.2).*sin(t)
y =
Columns 1 through 7
0
0.3925
0.6889
0.8167
0.7445
0.4900
0.1155
-0.2872
-0.6196
-0.8003
-0.7851
-0.5776
-0.2288
0.8100
0.6537
0.3374
-0.0615
0.1761
0.5379
0.7680
-0.4454
d=[0 diff(y)]
d =
Columns 1 through 7
0
0.3925
0.2964
0.1277
-0.0722
-0.2545
-0.3744
-0.4027
-0.3324
-0.1807
0.0152
0.2075
0.3489
-0.1563
-0.3163
-0.3989
0.4049
0.3618
0.2301
0.0420
-0.3839
s1=0.5*cumsum(y)
% 0.5
s1 =
Columns 1 through 7
0
0.1963
0.5407
0.9491
1.3213
1.5663
1.6241
1.4805
1.1707
0.7705
0.3779
0.0891
-0.0253
0.0628
1.4476
1.6163
1.5856
1.3629
0.3317
0.7157
1.1207
s2=cumtrapz(t,y)
s2 =
Columns 1 through 7
0
0.0981
0.3685
0.7449
1.1352
1.4438
1.5952
1.5523
1.3256
0.9706
0.5742
0.2335
0.0319
0.0188
1.2842
1.5320
1.6009
1.4742
0.1973
0.5237
0.9182
2.9
2.6.3
1.
conv deconv
(2.4.2 )
conv
conv(x,y)
x y x y
conv2
deconv

[q,r]=deconv(x,y)
x=conv(y,q)+r
2.
fft
X=fft(x,N) %
x N x X
N X N N 2
x
fft abs angle
ifft
X=ifft(x,N) %
2.27
0
0
A(n) =
B(n) =
1
1
n
2,3,
10
n
4,5, 9
=
=
A=ones(1,10);
A(1)=0
A =
0
B=ones(1,9);
B([1 2 3])=0
B =
0
C=conv(A,B)
C =
0
6
5
N=32;
AF=fft(A,N);
BF=fft(B,N);
CF=AF.*BF;
CC=real(ifft(CF));
1
% 32
%
2.10
C CC
2.10 N 2 length(A)+length(B)-1
2.6.4
()
cross(a,b)
()
dot(a,b)
ab 3
2.28
a=[1 2 3];
b=[4 5 6];
c=cross(a,b)
c =
-3
c=dot(a,b)
c =
32
-3
MATLAB
()
MATLAB (Symbolic Math Toolbox) MATLAB
Maple
3.1
Symbolic Math Toolbox2.1
3.1.1
sym
sym()
%
>> a=sym('sin(2)')
a=
sin(2)
sym
sym(,)
%
dfer 3.1
3.1
( 32 )
() p/qp*q
10^qpi/q2^q sqrt(p)
a=sym('sin(2)')
a =
sin(2)
a=sym(sin(2))
a =
8190223105242182*2^(-53)
3.1
a1=2*sqrt(5)+pi
%
a1 =
7.6137
a2=sym('2*sqrt(5)+pi')
a2 =
2*sqrt(5)+pi
a3=sym(2*sqrt(5)+pi)
a3 =
8572296331135796*2^(-50)
a4=sym(2*sqrt(5)+pi,'d')
a4 =
7.6137286085893727261009189533070
a31=a3-a1
a31 =
0
a5='2*sqrt(5)+pi'
a5 =
2*sqrt(5)+pi
3.1
3.1
3.1.2
sym syms
1. sym
sym(,)
%
positive real
unreal positive realunreal
3.2
syms x y real
%
z=x+i*y;
% z
real(z)
% z x
ans =
x
sym('x','unreal');
real(z)
%
% z
ans =
1/2*x+1/2*conj(x)
xy z
sym()
%
3.2
f1=sym('a*x^2+b*x+c')
f1 =
a*x^2+b*x+c
2. syms
syms(arg1, arg2, ,)
%
syms arg1 arg2 ,
%
syms
sym
3.2 syms
syms a b c x
%
f2=a*x^2+b*x+c
%
f2 =
a*x^2+b*x+c
syms('a','b','c','x')
f3=a*x^2+b*x+c;
abcxf2f3 f1
3.1.3
sym syms
A=sym('[a,b;c,d]')
A =
[ a, b]
[ c, d]
syms
syms a b c d
A=[a b;c d]
A =
[ a, b]
[ c, d]
3.3
A=sym('[a,b;c,d]')
%
A =
[ a, b]
[ c, d]
B='[a,b;c,d]'
B =
[a,b;c,d]
C=[a,b;c,d]
??? Undefined function or variable 'a'.
abcd MATLAB
C=sym(B)
%
C =
[ a, b]
[ c, d]
whos
Name
Size
Bytes Class
2x2
312 sym object
1x9
18 char array
2x2
312 sym object
A 22
3.2
3.2.1
1.
(1)
*
\
/
^

./
.\
.^
.*
.

(2)

~=
= =
1 0
2.
(1)
sincostan sinhcoshtanh atan2
asinacosatan
(2)
sqrtexpexpm
log( ln) log2 log10
(3)
conj real imag abs
MATLAB
(4)
MATLAB diagtriutrilinvdetrank polyexpm

eig
a 11
a 21
a 12
a 22
3.4 A =
syms a11 a12 a21 a22

A=[a11 a12;a21 a22]
A =
[ a11, a12]
[ a21, a22]
det(A)
ans =
a11*a22-a12*a21
A.'
ans =
[ a11, a21]
[ a12, a22]
eig(A)
ans =
[ 1/2*a11+1/2*a22+1/2*(a11^2-2*a11*a22+a22^2+4*a12*a21)^(1/2)]
[ 1/2*a11+1/2*a22-1/2*(a11^2-2*a11*a22+a22^2+4*a12*a21)^(1/2)]
3.5 f=2x2+3x+4 g=5x+6

f=sym('2*x^2+3*x+4')
f =
2*x^2+3*x+4
g=sym('5*x+6')
g =
5*x+6
f+g
ans =
2*x^2+8*x+10
f*g
ans =
(2*x^2+3*x+4)*(5*x+6)
3.2.2
1. Symbolic Math Toolbox
Symbolic Math Toolbox
MATLAB
Maple
VPA Maple
2.
VPA digits vpa
digits(n)
%
n digits
Maple
digits 32
S=vpa(s,n)
% s n
s S n
digits vpa s
digits
3.6 2 5 +
a=sym('2*sqrt(5)+pi')
a =
2*sqrt(5)+pi
digits
Digits = 32
vpa(a)
ans =
7.6137286085893726312809907207421
vpa(a,20)
ans =
7.6137286085893726313
digits(15)
vpa(a)
%
% digits
ans =
7.61372860858937
3. Symbolic Math Toolbox

3.6 2/3
a1 =2/3
%
a1 =
0.6667
a2 = sym(2/3)
a2 =
2/3
a3 =vpa('2/3',32)
%VPA
a3 =
.66666666666666666666666666666667

VPA
a1
formatformat
format long
a1
a1 =
0.66666666666667
3.2.3
1.
sym vpa
VPA
2.
double numeric VPA
N=double(S)
% S N
N=numeric(S)
% S N
3.7 2 5 +
clear
a1=sym('2*sqrt(5)+pi')
a1 =
2*sqrt(5)+pi
b1=double(a1)
b1 =
7.6137
a2=vpa(sym('2*sqrt(5)+pi'),32)
a2 =
7.6137286085893726312809907207421
b2=numeric(a2)
b2 =
7.6137
3.7
b3=eval(a1)
b3 =
7.6137
whos b1b2b3
whos
Name
Size
Bytes Class
a1
1x1
148 sym object
a2
1x1
190 sym object
b1
1x1
8 double array
b2
1x1
8 double array
b3
1x1
8 double array
3.3
3.3.1
1.
MATLAB
i j
x
x x x
x

2. findsym
findsym
findsym(EXPR,n)
%
EXPR n n
EXPR
3.8
f=sym('a*x^2+b*x+c')
f =
a*x^2+b*x+c
findsym(f)
ans =
a, b, c, x
g=sym('sin(z)+cos(v)')
g =
sin(z)+cos(v)
findsym(g,1)
ans =
z
z v x x z
3.3.2
f(x)
f(x)=x3+6x2+11x-6
f(x)=(x-1)(x-2)(x-3)
f(x)=x(x(x-6)+11)-6
3.9
f=sym('x^3-6*x^2+11*x-6')
%
f =
x^3-6*x^2+11*x-6
g= sym('(x-1)*(x-2)*(x-3)')
g =
(x-1)*(x-2)*(x-3)
h= sym(' x*(x*(x-6)+11)-6')
h =
x*(x*(x-6)+11)-6
1. pretty
3.9
pretty(f)
x - 6 x + 11 x - 6
2. collect
3.9
collect(g)
ans =
x^3-6*x^2+11*x-6
xy
f1=sym('x^3+2*x^2*y+4*x*y+6')
f1 =
x^3+2*x^2*y+4*x*y+6
collect(f1,'y')
% y
ans =
(2*x^2+4*x)*y+x^3+6
3. expand
3.9
expand(g)
ans =
x^3-6*x^2+11*x-6
4. horner
3.9
horner(f)
ans =
x*(x*(x-6)+11)-6
5. factor
3.9
factor(f)
ans =
(x-1)*(x-2)*(x-3)
6. simplify
3.9 cos2x-sin2x
y=sym('cos(x)^2-sin(x)^2')
y =
cos(x)^2-sin(x)^2
simplify(y)
ans =
2*cos(x)^2-1
7. simple
simple pretty collectexpandfactorsimplify
radsimpcombinecombine(trig)convert
3.9 simple cos2x-sin2x

simple(y)
simplify:
2*cos(x)^2-1
radsimp:
cos(x)^2-sin(x)^2
combine(trig):
cos(2*x)
factor:
(cos(x)-sin(x))*(cos(x)+sin(x))
expand:
cos(x)^2-sin(x)^2
combine:
cos(2*x)
convert(exp):
(1/2*exp(i*x)+1/2/exp(i*x))^2+1/4*(exp(i*x)-1/exp(i*x))^2
convert(sincos):
cos(x)^2-sin(x)^2
convert(tan):
(1-tan(1/2*x)^2)^2/(1+tan(1/2*x)^2)^2-4*tan(1/2*x)^2/(1+tan(1/2*x)
^2)^2
collect(x):
cos(x)^2-sin(x)^2
ans =
cos(2*x)
cos(2*x)
3.3.3
1. subexpr
subexpr(s,s1)
% s1 s
subexpr
a b
3.10 subexpr

c d
syms a b c d x
s=eig([a b;c d])
s =
[ 1/2*a+1/2*d+1/2*(a^2-2*a*d+d^2+4*b*c)^(1/2)]
[ 1/2*a+1/2*d-1/2*(a^2-2*a*d+d^2+4*b*c)^(1/2)]
subexpr(s,x)
% x
ans =
[ 1/2*a+1/2*d+1/2*(a^2-2*a*d+d^2+4*b*c)^(1/2)]
[ 1/2*a+1/2*d-1/2*(a^2-2*a*d+d^2+4*b*c)^(1/2)]
2. subs
subs
subs(s)
% s
subs(s,new)
% new s
subs(s,old,new)
% new s old
3.10 subs (x+y)2+3(x+y)+5
f=sym('(x+y)^2+3*(x+y)+5')
%
f =
(x+y)^2+3*(x+y)+5
x=5;
f1=subs(f)
% x
f1 =
(5+y)^2+20+3*y
f2=subs(f,'x+y','s')
% s x+y
f2 =
((s))^2+3*((s))+5
f3=subs(f,'x+y',5)
% 5 x+y
f3 =
45
f4=subs(f,'x','z')
% z x
f4 =
((z)+y)^2+3*((z)+y)+5
3.3.4
MATLAB finverse
finverse(f,v)
% v f(v)
v
1.
3.11 tex
f=sym('t*e^x')
%
f =
t*e^x
g=finverse(f)
g =
log(x/t)/log(e)
% t
g=finverse(f,'t')
g =
t/(e^x)
t 't'
syms t
g=finverse(f,t)
2.
3.11 tex ay2+by+c
f=sym('t*e^x');
%
g=sym('a*y^2+b*y+c');
%
h1=compose(f,g)
% f(g(x))
h1 =
t*e^(a*y^2+b*y+c)
h2=compose(g,f)
% g(f(x))
h2 =
a*t^2*(e^x)^2+b*t*e^x+c
h3=compose(f,g,'z')
% f(g(z))
h3 =
t*e^(a*z^2+b*z+c)
3.11 tex y2
f1=sym('t*e^x');
g1=sym('y^2');
h1=compose(f1,g1)
h1 =
t*e^(y^2)
h2=compose(f1,g1,'z')
% f(g(z))
h2 =
t*e^(z^2)
h3=compose(f1,g1,'t','y')
h3 =
% t f(g(z))
y^2*e^x
h4=compose(f1,g1,'t','y','z') % t f(g(z)) z y
h4 =
z^2*e^x
% h5 h4
h5=subs(h3,'y','z')
h5 =
(z)^2*e^x
3.3.5
1.
f(x)MATLAB
sym2poly poly2sym
(1) sym2poly
3.12 2x+3x2+1
f=sym('2*x+3*x^2+1')
f =
2*x+3*x^2+1
sym2poly(f)
ans =
3
f1 =
a*x^2+b*x+c
sym2poly(f1)
??? Error using ==> sym/sym2poly
Input has more than one symbolic variable.
(2) poly2sym
3.12
g=poly2sym([1 3 2])
% x
g =
x^2+3*x+2
g=poly2sym([1 3 2],sym('y')) %y
g =
y^2+3*y+2
2.
() numden
[n,d]=numden(f)
n d f
1
1
3.13 numden 2
2 + 3s + 2
s + 3s + 2
s
f1=sym('1/(s^2+3*s+2)')
f1 =
1/(s^2+3*s+2)
f2=sym('1/s^2+3*s+2')
f2 =
1/s^2+3*s+2
[n1,d1]=numden(f1)
n1 =
1
d1 =
s^2+3*s+2
[n2,d2]=numden(f2)
n2 =
1+3*s^3+2*s^2
d2 =
s^2
3.4
3.4.1
limit limit 3.2
3.2 limit
lim f(x)
limt(f)
x 0
lim f(x)
limt(f,x,a)
x a
x0
xa
lim f(x)
limt(f,x,a, left)
x a
lim f(x)
limt(f,x,a, right)
x a
x a
x a +
3.14 1/x 0
f=sym('1/x')
f =
1/x
limit(f)
% x 0
ans =
NaN
limit(f,'x',0)
% x 0
ans =
NaN
limit(f,'x',0,'left')
% 0
ans =
-inf
limit(f,'x',0,'right')
% 0
ans =
inf
NaN
f' (x) = lim
t 0
f(x + t) f(x)
3.14 cos(x)
syms t x
limit((cos(x+t)-cos(x))/t,t,0)
ans =
-sin(x)
3.4.2
diff
diff(f)
% f
diff(f,t)
% f t
diff(f,n)
% f n
diff(f,t,n)
% f t n
2
3.15 f(x)ax +bx+c f(x)
f=sym('a*x^2+b*x+c')
f =
a*x^2+b*x+c
diff(f)
% x
ans =
2*a*x+b
diff(f,'a')
% a
ans =
x^2
diff(f,'x',2) % x
ans =
2*a
% x
diff(f,3)
ans =
0
diff
2x
t2
3.15
x
tsin(x) e
syms t x
g=[2*x t^2;t*sin(x) exp(x)] %
g =
[
2*x,
t^2]
[ t*sin(x),
exp(x)]
% x
diff(g)
ans =
[
2,
0]
[ t*cos(x),
exp(x)]
% t
diff(g,'t')
ans =
[
0,
[ sin(x),
diff(g,2)
2*t]
0]
% x
ans =
[
0,
0]
[ -t*sin(x),
exp(x)]
diff
3.15 diff
x1=0:0.5:2;
y1=sin(x1)
y1 =
0
0.4794
0.8415
diff(y1)
0.9975
0.9093
ans =
0.4794
0.3620
0.1560
-0.0882
3.4.3
int
int(f,t)
% t
int(f,t,a,b)
% t
int(f,t,m,n) % t
t t a b [a,b]m
n [m,n]
MATLAB MATLAB
3.16 cos(x)
cos(x)
f=sym('cos(x)');
int(f)
%
ans =
sin(x)
int(f,0,pi/3)
ans =
1/2*3^(1/2)
int(f,'a','b')
ans =
sin(b)-sin(a)
int(int(f))
ans =
-cos(x)
diff int f
f='cos(x)';
2x
t2
3.16
x
tsin(x) e
syms t x
g=[2*x t^2;t*sin(x) exp(x)] %
g =
[
2*x,
t^2]
[ t*sin(x),
exp(x)]
% x
int(g)
ans =
[
x^2,
t^2*x]
[ -t*cos(x),
exp(x)]
% t
int(g,'t')
ans =
[
2*x*t,
[ 1/2*t^2*sin(x),
1/3*t^3]
exp(x)*t]
int(g,sym('a'),sym('b'))
% x
ans =
[
b^2-a^2,
[ -t*cos(b)+t*cos(a),
t^2*(b-a)]
exp(b)-exp(a)]
3.4.4
1. symsum
symsum(s,x,a,b)
% s
x x s [a,b] x
1
1
1
3.17 1 + 2 + 2 + + 2 + 1+x+x2++xk+
2
3
k
syms x k
s1=symsum(1/k^2,1,10)
% 10
s1 =
1968329/1270080
s2=symsum(1/k^2,1,inf)
s2 =
1/6*pi^2
s3=symsum(x^k,'k',0,inf)
% k
s3 =
-1/(x-1)
2. taylor
taylor (F,x,n)
%
x F F n n
5
1
1
1
3.17 ex 1 + x + x 2 +
x 3 + + x k 1 +
2
23
k!
syms x
s1=taylor(exp(x),8)
% 8
s1 =
1+x+1/2*x^2+1/6*x^3+1/24*x^4+1/120*x^5+1/720*x^6+1/5040*x^7
s2=taylor(exp(x))
% 5
s2 =
1+x+1/2*x^2+1/6*x^3+1/24*x^4+1/120*x^5
3.5
3.5.1 (Fourier)
fourier int fourier ifourier
1. fourier
Ffourier(f,t ,w)
% f(t) fourier F
F w w w
f t t x
2. fourier
f=ifourier (F)
% F fourier f(t)
f=ifourier (F,w,t)
ifourier fourier
3.18 f(t)=
1
fourier F F fourier
t
syms t w
F=fourier(1/t,t,w)
%fourier
F =
i*pi*(Heaviside(-w)-Heaviside(w))
f=ifourier(F,t)
%fourier
f =
1/t
f=ifourier(F)
%fourier x
f =
1/x
1 t 0
Heaviside(t)
Heaviside
0 t < 0
3.18 fourier
fourier(sym('Heaviside(t)'))
ans =
pi*Dirac(w)-i/w
Dirac
3.5.2 (Laplace)
1. Laplace
F=laplace(f,t,s)
% f Laplace F
F s s F 's'f t
t 't'
3.19 sin(at) Laplace
syms a t s
F1=laplace(sin(a*t),t,s)
% sinat Laplace
F1 =
a/(s^2+a^2)
F2=laplace(sym('Heaviside(t)'))
F2 =
1/s
2. Laplace
% Laplace

% F Laplace f
filaplace(F,s,t)
3.19
1
1 Laplace
s+a
syms s a t
f1=ilaplace(1/(s+a),s,t)
% 1/s+a Laplace
f1 =
exp(-a*t)
f2=ilaplace(1,s,t)
% 1 Laplace
f2 =
Dirac(t)
3.5.3 Z
1. ztrans
Fztrans(f,n, z)
% f Z F
F z n 'n'
z 'z'
3.20 e-at Z
syms a n z t
Fz1=ztrans(sym('Heaviside(t)'),n,z)
% Z
Fz1 =
Heaviside(t)*z/(z-1)
Fz2=ztrans(sym('Dirac(t)'),n,z)
% Z
Fz2 =
Dirac(t)*z/(z-1)
Fz3=ztrans(exp(-a*t),n,z)
% e-at Z
Fz3 =
exp(-a*t)*z/(z-1)
2. iztrans
fiztrans(F,z,n)
% F z f
3.20 Z e-at Z
syms n z t
f1=iztrans(Fz1,z,n)
f1 =
Heaviside(t)
f2=iztrans(Fz2,z,n)
f2 =
Dirac(t)
f3=iztrans(Fz3,z,n)
f3 =
exp(-a*t)
3.6
3.6.1
MATLAB solve
solve(eq,v)
%
solve(eq1, eq2,v1,v2,) %
eq
eq=0 v
3.21 ax2+bx+c=0 sinx=0

%
f1 =
a*x^2+b*x+c
solve(f1)
% x
ans =
[ 1/2/a*(-b+(b^2-4*a*c)^(1/2))]
[ 1/2/a*(-b-(b^2-4*a*c)^(1/2))]
f2=sym('sin(x)')
f2 =
sin(x)
solve(f2,'x')
ans =
0
sinx=0 0
x 2 + 2x + 1 = 0
3.22 x + 3z = 4
y * z = 1
eq1=sym('x^2+2*x+1');
eq2=sym('x+3*z=4');
eq3=sym('y*z=-1');
[x,y,z]=solve(eq1,eq2,eq3)
% x,y,z
x =
-1
y =
-3/5
z =
5/3
S=solve(eq1,eq2,eq3)
S=
x: [1x1 sym]
y: [1x1 sym]
z: [1x1 sym]
3.6.2
MATLAB dsolve
dsolve(eq,con,v)
%
dsolve(eq1,eq2,con1,con2,v1,v2) %
eqconv
x t
y eq
y
y n
dy
dy
Dy
dx
dt
dn y
dx n
dn y
dt n
Dny
'con''y(a)=bDy(c)=d'
C1C2
3.23 x
d2y
2
dy
= x 2 y(1)=0y(0)=0
dx
dx
y=dsolve('x*D2y-3*Dy=x^2','x')
y =
-1/3*x^3+C1+C2*x^4
y=dsolve('x*D2y-3*Dy=x^2','y(1)=0,y(5)=0','x')
y =
-1/3*x^3+125/468+31/468*x^4
3.24
dx
dy
= y,
= x
dt
dt
[x,y]=dsolve('Dx=y,Dy=-x')
x =
cos(t)*C1+sin(t)*C2
y =
-sin(t)*C1+cos(t)*C2
tC1C2
[x,y]=dsolve('Dx=y,Dy=-x','t')
3.7
3.7.1
1. ezplot ezplot3
ezplot ezplot3
ezplot(F,[xmin,xmax],fig)
%
F [xmin,xmax][2
2]fig
3.25 3.23 y(x) 3.2
y =sym('-1/3*x^3+1/3*x^4')
y =
-1/3*x^3+1/3*x^4
ezplot(y)
ezplot(y,[0,100])
% y [0,100]
3.2 (a) y(x)[-22]
(b) y(x)[0100]
3.26 ezplot3 3.3

x=sym('sin(t)');
z=sym('t');
y=sym('cos(t)');
ezplot3(x,y,z,[0,10*pi],'animate')
% t [0,10*pi]
3.3
2.
MATLAB 3.3
3.3
ezcontour
ezcontour('x*sin(t)',[-4,4])
ezcontourf
ezcontourf('x*sin(t)',[-4,4])
ezmesh
ezmesh('sin(x)*exp(-t)','cos(x)*exp(-t)','x',[0,2*pi])
ezmeshc
ezmeshc('sin(x)*t',[-pi,pi])
ezpolar
ezpolar('sin(t)',[0,pi/2])
ezsurf
ezsurf('x*sin(t)','x*cos(t)','t',[0,10*pi])
ezsurfc
ezsurfc('x*sin(t)','x*cos(t)','t',[0,pi,0,2*pi])
3.7.2
funtool.m MATLAB funtool
3.4
3.4 (a) Figure No. 1
(b) Figure No. 2
3.4 (c) Figure No. 3
3.8 Maple
MATLAB Maple Maple
2000
3.8.1 Maple
1. maple
maple MATLAB

maple(MapleStatement)
% Maple
maple(fun,arg1,arg2)
% arg1,arg2 Maple
MapleStatement
fun
3.27 Maple discrim
maple('discrim(a*x^2+b*x+c,x)')
ans =
-4*a*c+b^2
syms a b c x
maple('discrim',a*x^2+b*x+c,'x')
ans =
-4*a*c+b^2
MapleStatement Maple mhelp

maple
2. mfun
mfun Maple
mfun('fun',p1,p2,)
'fun'p1,p2,
3.28 gcd
mfun('gcd',20,30)
ans =
10
3.8.2 Maple
1. mfunlist
mfunlist mfun Maple
2. mhelp
mhelp Maple
(1) mhelp index Maple
(2) mhelp index [] Maple
mhelp index 3.4
3.4 Maple
expression
function
3.28 gcd
mhelp gcd
4 MATLAB GUI
MATLAB
4.1
4.1.1 plot
1. plot(x) x
plot MATLAB
plot(x)
% x
plot(x,y)
% x y
x y
4.1 plot(x) 4.1
4.1 (a) x1
x1=[1 2 3]
x1 =
1
plot(x1)
(b) x2
x2=[0 1 0]
x2 =
0
plot(x2)
2. plot(x,y) x y
4.2 y=sin(x) 4.2
x1=0:0.1:2*pi;
y1=sin(x1);
%y1 x1
plot(x1,y1);
x2=[0 1 1 2 2 3 ];
y2=[1 1 0 0 1 1 ];
plot(x2,y2);
axis([0 4 0 2])
% 0-4 0-2
4.2 (a)
(b)
3. plot(x) x
4.3 4.3
4.3 (a) x1
x1=[1 2 3;4 5 6];

plot(x1);
x2=peaks;
(b) x2
% 49*49
plot(x2);
a x1
b peaks 4949 49
4. plot(x,y)
plot(x,y) x y
x y x y x
y x y x y
x y y x y
x y
x y y x
x y x y
4.4 4.4
x1=[1 2 3];
y1=[1 2 3;4 5 6]
y1 =
1
plot(x1,y1)
%
y2=[1 2 ;3 4; 5 6]
y2 =
1
plot(x1,y2)
plot(y1,x1)
plot(y2,x1)
x2=[1 1 1;2 2 2]
4.4 (a) (x1,y1)
(b) (x2,y1)
4.4 ( c) (y1,x1)
(d) (y2,x1)
x2 =
1
plot(x2,y1)
4.4 (e) (x2,y1)
5. plot(z)
4.4 4.4(e)
z1=x2+i*y1
z1 =
1.0000 + 1.0000i
1.0000 + 2.0000i
1.0000 + 3.0000i
2.0000 + 4.0000i
2.0000 + 5.0000i
2.0000 + 6.0000i
plot(z1)
6. plot(x1,y1,x2,y2,)
plot MATLAB
(xi,yi)
4.5 4.5
x=0:0.1:2*pi;
plot(x,sin(x),x,cos(x),x,sin(3*x)) %
4.5
4.1.2
4.1
4.1
Figure No.1
()
()()
()
1 3 MATLAB
2
123
4.1.3
1.
figure
figure(n)
%
Figure No.n
2.
plot subplot
subplot(m,n,k)
%(mn) k
mn k ,
1
4.6 subplot 4.6
x=0:0.1:2*pi;
subplot(2,2,1)
% 2*2
plot(x,sin(x))
subplot(2,2,2)
%
plot(x,cos(x))
subplot(2,2,3)
%
plot(x,sin(3*x))
subplot(224)
%
plot(x,cos(3*x))
4.6
clf
clf
3.
hold
hold on
%
hold off
%
hold
%
hold on
MATLAB
4.7 sinx [0 2] cosx [- ]
4.7(a)
x1=0:0.1:2*pi;
plot(x1,sin(x1))
hold on
x2=-pi:.1:pi;
plot(x2,cos(x2))
02-2
4.
plotyy(x1,y1,x2,y2) %
(x1,y1)(x2,y2)
4.7 plotyy 4.7(b)

plotyy(x1,sin(x1),x2,cos(x2))
plotyy
-2
4.7 (a) hold on
(b) plotyy
4.1.4
plot 4.2
4.2
y(Yellow)
()
()
m(Magenta)
c(Cyan)
-.
r(Red)
--
g(Green)
b(Blue)
w(White)
k(Black)
<
>
plot(x,y,s)
x y s s
4.8 sinx cosx 4.8

x=0:0.1:2*pi;
plot(x,sin(x),'r-.')
hold on
plot(x,cos(x),'b:o')
%
%
4.8
4.1.5
1.
axis 4.3
4.3
axis auto
axis equal
axis manual
axis fill
manual
axis off
axis image
axis on
axis normal
axis ij
axis square
axis xy
axis tight
axis([xmin,xmax,
axis vis3d
ymin,ymax])
xmin<xmax,ymin<ymax
inf -inf
2.
(1) grid
grid on
grid off
grid
%
%
%
MATLAB
(2) box
box on
%
box off
%
box
%
4.9 4.9
x=0:0.1:2*pi;
subplot(2,1,1)
plot(sin(x),cos(x))
axis equal
%
grid on
%
subplot(2,1,2)
plot(x,exp(-x))
axis([0,3,0,2])
%
4.9
3.
(1)
title(s)
%
s
(2)
xlabel(s)
%
ylabel(s)
%
(3)
legend(s,pos)
%
legend off
%
s s1,s2, pos
4.4
4.4
pos
pos
()
legend
(4)
text(xt,yt,s)
%(xt,yt)
4.10 4.10
x=0:0.1:2*pi;
plot(x,sin(x))
hold on
plot(x,cos(x),'ro')
title('y1=sin(x),y2=cos(x)') %
xlabel('x')
%
legend('sin(x)','cos(x)',4)
%
text(pi,sin(pi),'x=\pi')
% pi,sin(pi)
4.10
4.
4.5
\ alpha
\ eta
\ nu
\ upsilon
\ beta
\ theta
\ xi
\ Upsilon
\ epsilon
\ Theta
\ Xi
\ phi
\ gamma
\ iota
\ pi
\ Phi
\ Gamma
\ zeta
\ Pi
\ chi
\ delta
\ kappa
\ rho
\ psi
\ Delta
\ mu
\ tau
\ Psi
\ omega
\ lambda
\ sigma
\ Omega
\ Lambda
\ Sigma
\approx
\oplus
\neq
\leq
\geq
\pm
\times
\div
\int
\exists
\infty
\in
\sim
\forall
\angle
\perp
\cup
\cap
\vee
\wedge
\surd
\otimes
\uparrow
\downarrow
\leftarrow
\leftrightarrow
\oplus
\rightarrow
\updownarrow
4.6
4.6
\fontname{s}
s Times New Roman Courier
\fontsize{n}
n 10(points)
\s
s bf()it()sl()rm()
^{s}
_{s}
4.11 MATLAB y() =
y(t)e jt dt 16
4.11
figure(1)
title('\fontsize{16}y(\omega)=\int^{\infty}_{0}y(t)e^{-j\omegat}dt')
4.11
4.1.6
1. ginput
ginput
[x,y]=ginput(n)
% n (x,y)
n xy
2. gtext
gtext
gtext(s)
%
s
s
4.12 y=sin(x)(0)(20)(20)
2
x=0:0.1:2*pi;
plot(x,sin(x))
[m,n]=ginput(2)
m=
3.1532
6.2984
n=
-0.0029
-0.0088
gtext('2\pi')
% 2
ginput
(0)(20)gtext 2
4.2 MATLAB
4.2.1 plot3
plot3 plot
plot3(x,y,z, 's')
%
plot3(x1,y1,z1, 's1',x2,y2,z2, 's2',) %
xyz xyz xy
z s
4.13 4.12
x=0:0.1:20*pi;
plot3(x,sin(x),cos(x))
4.12
4.2.2
1. meshgrid
MATLAB x m y n
meshgrid xy x-y
[X,Y]meshgrid(x,y)
XY xy
x(1m) y(1n)(nm)
x=[1 2 3 4];
y=[5 6 7];
[xx,yy]=meshgrid(x,y)
xx =
1
yy =
4.14 peaks meshgrid mesh meshgrid
MATLAB peaks 4.13 x y [-3

3] 4949 z xy
z = 3*(1-x).^2.*exp(-(x.^2) - (y+1).^2) ...

- 10*(x/5 - x.^3 - y.^5).*exp(-x.^2-y.^2) ...
- 1/3*exp(-(x+1).^2 - y.^2)
x=linspace(-3,3,49);
y=linspace(-3,3,49);
[xx,yy]=meshgrid(x,y) ;
% 49*49
mesh(xx)
% xx
mesh(yy)
xx yy 4949 4.13 xx yy
4.13 (a) xx
(b) yy
zz=3*(1-xx).^2.*exp(-(xx.^2) - (yy+1).^2) ...

- 10*(xx/5 - xx.^3 - yy.^5).*exp(-xx.^2-yy.^2) ...
- 1/3*exp(-(xx+1).^2 - yy.^2);
% peaks
plot3(xx,yy,zz)
4.14 peaks
2.
mesh(z)
%
mesh(x,y,z,c)
z z x z y
xy xy xyz c c
z xyzc
4.14 mesh peaks 4.15

mesh(xx,yy,zz)
4.15 peaks
3.
surf (z)
surf (x,y, z,c)
mesh c
4.14 surf peaks 4.16
surf (xx,yy,zz)
4.16 peaks
4.
meshc meshz
4.14 meshz meshc peaks 4.17
meshz(xx,yy,zz)
meshc(xx,yy,zz)
4.17 (a) peaks
(b) peaks
4.2.3
1
hidden off
hidden off
%
hidden on
%
4.15 4.18
[x,y,z]=peaks;
%peaks
mesh(x,y,z)
%
hidden off
%
4.18 peaks
2
view
view([az,el])
%
view([vx,vy,vz])
%
az el vxvyvz
4.15 peaks 4.19
view(0,0)
view(0,90)
view(-37.5,30)
%
4.19
(a) (0,0) peaks
(b) (0,90) peaks
(0,0)(x,z)(0,90)(x,y)
3
4.15 peaks 4.20
z(10:20,10:20)=nan;
% nan
surf(x,y,z)
%
4.20 peaks
4.2.4
1(colormap)
(1) RGB
RGB RGB 01
4.7
4.7
RGB
RGB
Red()
Green()
Blue()
Black()
White()
Red()
Green()
Blue()
Yellow()
Magenta()
Cyan()
Gray()
0.5
0.5
0.5
Dark red()
0.5
Copper()
0.62
0.4
0.49
0.83
Aquamarine()
4.16
% peaks
peaks;
colormap
size(colormap)
ans =
64
peaks 4.15 colormap 643

RGB
(2)
4.8
hsv
HSV ()
hot
cool
summer
gray
copper
autumn
winter
spring
bone
pink
flag
jet
HSV
prim
643 m3
4.16
colormap hot(8)
% peaks
colormap
ans =
0.3333
0.6667
1.0000
1.0000
0.3333
1.0000
0.6667
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
0.5000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
hot(8) 83
2
(1)
rgbplot
rgbplot(map)
map 4.8 rgbplot
RGB
colorbar
colorbar
4.17 rgbplot colorbar 4.21
subplot(2,1,1)
rgbplot(cool)
%
subplot(2,1,2)
peaks;
colormap cool
% peaks
colorbar
%
4.21 rgbplot colorbar
rgbplot 064 01colorbar
(2) shading
shading shading
4.9
4.9
shading
shading interp
shading flat
shading faceted
flat
()
4.18 peaks 4.22

subplot(1,2,1)
peaks;
shading interp
subplot(1,2,2)
peaks;
shading faceted
(3) brighten
4.18 peaks
4.22 interp faceted
peaks;
brighten(0.5)
colormap
4.3 MATLAB
4.3.1
4.10
4.10
bar
bar3
barh
bar3h
bar(x,y,width,'')
%
bar3(y,z,width,'')
%
x 1:mm y y
mn m
n width 0.8 1
'' grouped() stacked() groupedbar3
y 1:m'' grouped stacked
detached()
4.19 3 6 y
4.23
x=3:6;
y=[5.3000 13.0000
0.4000
5.1000 11.8000 -1.7000
3.7000
8.1000
0.6000
1.5000
7.7000 -4.5000]
bar(x,y)
%
bar3(x,y)
%
4.23 (a)
(b)
4.3.2
1.
area
area(y)
%
area(x,y)
y y plot
y x x
1:size(y,1)
2.
fill
fill(x,y,c)
%
c 'r''g''b' 'c''m''y''w''k' RGB
4.19 4.24
area(x,y)
%
fill(x,y,'r')
%
4.24 (a)
(b)
4.3.3
hist(y,m)
%
hist(y,x)
m 10x
y
4.20 4.25
y=randn(10,2)
% 10*2
y =
-1.1878
-1.1859
-2.2023
-1.0559
0.9863
1.4725
-0.5186
0.0557
0.3274
-1.2173
0.2341
-0.0412
0.0215
-1.1283
-1.0039
-1.3493
-0.9471
-0.2611
-0.3744
0.9535
x=-2:0.5:2;
hist(y,x)
4.25
y x -2
4.3.4
pie pie3
pie(x,explode,label)
%
pie3(x,explode,label)
%
x explode x
label
4.21 4.26
y=[200 100 250 400];
%
explode=[0 0 1 0];
pie(y,explode,{'','','',''})
4.26
4.3.5
MATLAB stemstem3stairs scatter
4.22 y = e
x=0:0.1:2*pi;
y=sin(x).*exp(-2*x);
subplot(3,1,1)
stem(x,y,'filled')
subplot(3,1,2)
stairs(x,y)
subplot(3,1,3)
scatter(x,y)
2 x
sin( x) 4.27
%
%
%
4.27
'filled'
4.3.6
1.
semilogxsemilogy loglog
semilogx(x,y,'')
% x
semilogy(x,y,'')
% y
loglog(x,y,'')
% xy
plot
1
4.23 G (s) =
4.28
s(0.5s + 1)
w
w=logspace(-2,3,20);
% w 0.01 1000
Aw=1./(w.*sqrt((0.5*w).^2+1));
%
Lw=20*log10(Aw);
semilogx(w,Lw)
title('')
4.28
2.
polar
polar(theta,radius,'')
%
theta radius
4.23 Nyquist 4.29
w=logspace(-2,3,20);
Fw=-90-atan(0.5*w);
polar(Fw,Aw)
4.29
4.3.7
contour(Z,n)
contour(x,y,z,n)
% Z
% x y xy
n
4.24 peaks 4.30
[x,y,z]=peaks;
contour(x,y,z)
%
contour3(z,30)
% 30
4.30 (a)
(b)
4.3.8
1. compass
compass
compass(u,v)
%
compass(Z)
uv Z
compass(real(Z),imag(Z))
2. feather
feather (k,0)
feather(u,v)
%
feather (Z)
4.25 4.31
theta=0:0.2:2*pi;
z=sin(theta).*exp(j*theta);
compass(z)
feather(z)
4.31 (a)
(b)
(k,0)k 1nn Z
4.4
1
MATLAB 4.32
4.32
2
Edit Insert
Edit Insert 4.33
4.33 (a) Edit
(b) Insert
Edit Figure Properties

Axes PropertiesCurrent Object Properties
4.34
4.34
Insert
4.5
1.
inputdlg
answer = inputdlg(prompt,title,lineno,defans,addopts) %
answer prompt
title lineno
defans addopts
on off off
() on
4.26 4.35
prompt={'',''};
defans={'0.707','1'};
p=inputdlg(prompt,'',1,defans)
4.35
promptdefans p Cancel
2.
msgbox(message,title,icon,icondata,iconcmap,CreateMode) %
message title
icon none()error()help()
warn()custom()custom icondata
iconcmap CreateMode
modal()replace()non-modal(
)
4.26 1 4.36
msgbox('','','warn')
4.36
msgbox
4.26 1
warndlg('','')
4.36
4.26 0 4.37
errordlg('','')
4.26 4.38
helpdlg(' 0 1','')
4.38
4.39
4.26 4.39
button=questdlg('','Are you sure?','Yes','No','Yes')
YesYes
NoNo
3.
(1) uigetfile
uigetfile
[FileName, PathName] = uigetfile(FiltrEspec, Title,x,y)

FileName PathName
0FiltrEspec *
*.mTitle
xy ()
4.27 MATLAB license.txt 4.40
[fname,pname]=uigetfile('*.*','',100,100)
4.40
(100100)
fname pname
(2) uiputfile
uiputfile
[FileName, PathName] = uiputfile(FiltrEspec, Title,x,y)

uigetfile
4.27
[fname1,pname1]=uiputfile('Ex0431.mat','')
4.6
4.6.1
4.41
4.6.2
Root()
Figure()
Axes()
Uicontrol()
Uimenu()
Line
Surface
Rectangle
Patch
Image
Text
Light
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
4.41
1
4.11
4.11
h_ figure =figure(n)
h_axes =axes(position,[left,bottom,width,height])
h_ line =line(x,y,z)
h_ surface=surface(x,y,z,c)
xyz c
h_ rectangle=
rectangle (position,[x,y,w,h],curvature,[xc,yc])
xy wh
xcyc
h_ patch=patch(faces,fac,veitices,vert)
fac
vert
h_ image=image(x)
h_ text=text(x,y,string)
xy string
h_ light=light(PropertyName,Propertyvalue)
h_ uicontrol =uicontrol(PropertyName,Propertyvalue)
PropertyName Propertyvalue
propertyName Propertyvalue
h_uimenu = uimenu (propertyName, Propertyvalue)
2
(1)
MATLAB gcfgcagco
gcf
%
gca
%
gco
%
4.28
x=0:0.1:2*pi;
y=sin(x).*exp(-x);
plot(x,y)
text(pi,0,'\leftarrowexp(-x)*sin(x)=0')
h_fig=gcf
%
0.35
0.3
0.25
0.2
0.15
0.1
0.05
exp(-x)*sin(x)=0
-0.05
0
h_fig =
1
h_axes=gca
h_axes =
101.0013
h_obj=gco
h_obj =
3.0017
plot(x,y)
1 100.0013 3.0017
(2)
findobj
h=findobj
%
h=findobj(h_obj)
%
h=findobj(PropertyName,PropertyValue)
%
h=findobj(h_obj, PropertyName, PropertyValue)

%
h_obj PropertyName PropertyValue
4.28 findobj 4.42
findobj
%
ans =
0
1.0000
100.0013
101.0038
3.0017
h_text=findobj(h_fig,'string','\leftarrowexp(-x)*sin(x)=0') %
h_text =
101.0038
0 1
100.0013 101.0038 3.0017
string
(3)
h_parent=get(h_obj,parent)
%
h_children=get(h_obj,children)
%
4.28
h_children=get(h_axes,'children')
h_children =
101.0038
3.0017
h_parent=get(h_axes,'parent')
h_parent =
1
3
delete(h_obj)
4.28
delete(h_axes)
4.6.3
1
4.29
h_fig=figure('color','red','menubar','none','position',[0,0,300,300])
ps.color='red';
ps.position=[0,0,300,300];
ps.menubar='none';
h_fig=figure(ps)
h_fig =
1
(0,0)
300
2. get
get
get(h_obj)
get(h_obj, 'PropertyName')
4.29
p=get(h_fig,'position')
%
%
p =
0
300
300
c=get(h_fig,'color')
c =
1
RGB
3. set
set
set(h_obj)

set(h_obj, 'PropertyName')
set(h_obj, 'PropertyName', ' PropertyValue ') %
set(h_obj, 'PropertyStructure')
4.30 4.43
h_fig=figure('color','red','menubar','none','position',[0,0,300,300])
;
x=0:0.1:2*pi;
y=sin(x).*exp(-x);
h_line1=plot(x,y,'b');
title('y=exp(-x)*sin(x)')
set(gca,'ygrid','on')
% y
line1width=get(h_line1,'linewidth')
%
line1width =
0.5000
set(h_line1,'linewidth',3)
h_title =get(gca,'title')
h_title =
115.0016
titlefontsize=get(h_title_fontsize,'fontsize')
set(h_title_fontsize,'fontsize',13)
h_text1=text(pi,0,'\downarrow');
text1pos=get(h_text1,'position')
%
%
%
%
h_text2=text(text1pos(1,1),text1pos(1,2)+0.025,'exp(-x)*sin(x)=0');
%
set(h_text1,'fontsize',13,'color','red')
%
set(h_text2,'fontsize',13,'color','red')
4.43
get(h_obj, 'DefaultObjectTypePropertyName')
%
set(h_obj, 'DefaultObjectTypePropertyName', PropertyValue)

%
set(h_obj, 'DefaultObjectTypePropertyName', 'Remove')
%
DefaultObjectTypePropertyName Default++
DefaultLineLineWidth
4.7 (GUI)
MATLAB
4.7.1
MATLAB Guide
(1) File NewGUI
(2) GuideGuide Filename Guide
4.44
4.44 Guide
Guide Create New GUIOpen Existing GUI

Blank GUI(Default)OK
4.45 4.44Blank
GUI(Default)GUI with Uicontrols
4.45
(Align Objects)
(Menu Editor)(Property Inspector)(Object Browser)
4.7.2
1.
4.31
4.47
4.47(a) MATLAB
4.47(b)
4.47 (a)
(b)
4.47(a)FilePaint 4.47(b)Paint
CircleColorRedBlue
2.
4.31 4.47(b)
h_fig=gcf
h_fig =
1
h_menu=uimenu(h_fig,'label','Paint');
h_menu1=uimenu(h_menu,'label','Circle');
h_menu2=uimenu(h_menu,'label','Color');
h_menu21=uimenu(h_menu2,'label','Red');
h_menu22=uimenu(h_menu2,'label','Blue');
% Paint
% Paint Circle
% Paint Color
% Color Red
% Color Blue
label 4.46 label

3.
4.31
h_menu21=uimenu(h_menu2,'label','Red','callback','set(h_fig,''color'',''red'')')
% Color Red
h_menu22=uimenu(h_menu2,'label','Blue','callback','set(h_fig,''color'',''blue'')')
% Color Blue
4.7.3
1.
4.12
4.12
PropertyName
PushButton
ToggleButton
RadioButton
CheckBox
EditText
StaticText
Slider
Frame
ListBox
PopupMenu
Axes
2.
(1)
4.48
(2) unicontrol
4.48

h_control=uicontrol(h_Parent,PropertyName,ProperValue,)
4.50
4.7.5
4.7.6 GUI
4.32
1.
guide Guide Blank GUI
4.52
4.52
2.
4.13
4.13
String()
String()
String()
Tag()
pushbutton_red
String()
Tag()
pushbutton_blue
String()
0.3
0.5
0.707
Tag()
popupmenu_zeta
XLim(x )
[0 20]
YLim(y )
[0 1.5]
ToolsActivate Figure
3.
ViewObject
CallbacksCallback functionTag
popupmenu_zetapushbutton_redpushbutton_blue.m
% -------------------------------------------------------------------function varargout = pushbutton_red_Callback(h, eventdata, handles, varargin)

% -------------------------------------------------------------------function varargout = pushbutton_blue_Callback(h, eventdata, handles, varargin)
% -------------------------------------------------------------------function varargout = popupmenu_zeta_Callback(h, eventdata, handles, varargin)
% -------------------------------------------------------------------function varargout = popupmenu_zeta_Callback(h, eventdata, handles, varargin)

val=get(h,'value')
switch val
case 1
handles.data=0
case 2
handles.data=0.3
case 3
handles.data=0.5
case 4
handles.data=0.707
end
guidata(h,handles)
h 'Value'
switch
handles
(1)
Tag
(2) function handles guidata
handles function
% -------------------------------------------------------------------function varargout = pushbutton_red_Callback(h, eventdata, handles, varargin)

x=0:0.1:20;
zeta=handles.data
y=1-1/sqrt(1-zeta^2)*exp(-zeta*x).*sin(sqrt(1-zeta^2)*x+acos(zeta));
plot(x,y,'r')
% -------------------------------------------------------------------function varargout = pushbutton_blue_Callback(h, eventdata, handles, varargin)

x=0:0.1:20;
zeta=handles.data
plot(x,y,'b')
zeta handles
data
4.53
4.53
4.8
4.8.1
(1) getframe
M
(2) movie(M,k) M k
4.33 4.54
n=20;
for i=1:n
x=0:0.1:i;
y=1-1/sqrt(1-0.3^2)*exp(-0.3*x).*sin(sqrt(1-0.3^2)*x+acos(0.3));
plot(x,y)
axis([0,20,0,1.5]);
%
M(i)=getframe;
%
end
movie(M,3)
% 3
for 20 M
3
4.54
4.8.2
1 EraseMode
EraseMode EraseMode
EraseMode
normal
xor xor
background
none
EraseMode
normal > xor > background > none
2
xdata x
ydata y
3
drawnow
(1) EraseMode xorbackground none

(2) xdata ydata()
(3) drawnow
4.34 4.55
4.55
x=0:0.1:20;
y=1-1/sqrt(1-0.3^2)*exp(-0.3*x).*sin(sqrt(1-0.3^2)*x+acos(0.3));
plot(x,y)
h=line(0,0,'color','red','marker','.','markersize',40,'erasemode','xo
r');
%
for i=1:length(x)
set(h,'xdata',x(i),'ydata',y(i)); %
pause(0.005)
% 0.005
drawnow
%
end
xor EraseMode background

drawnow MATLAB set
pause drawnow
MATLAB
5.1
M M M
5.1.1 M
MATLAB M M (EditorDebugger)
MATLAB
FileNewM-file
M M M
5.1
M
5.1 M /
5.1.2 M
M y x
y = 1
1
1 2
e x sin( 1 2 x + a cos ) 5.1 M 5.2 M
5.1 M
%EX0501
% 0.3
x=0:0.1:20;
y1=1-1/sqrt(1-0.3^2)*exp(-0.3*x).*sin(sqrt(1-0.3^2)*x+acos(0.3))
plot(x,y1,'r')
5.2 zeta
function y=Ex0502(zeta)
% EX0502
Step response of quadratic system.
%
% zeta
%y
%
% copyright 2003-08-01
x=0:0.1:20;
y=1-1/sqrt(1-zeta^2)*exp(-zeta*x).*sin(sqrt(1-zeta^2)*x+acos(zeta))
plot(x,y)
H1 (%)
(%)
(%)
help lookfor
help Ex0502
EX0502
Step response of quadratic system.
zeta
y
lookfor ''
Ex0502.m: %
5.1.3 M
(1)
(2) MATLAB
MATLAB
(3) MATLAB
(workspace) clear
5.1 M M
(1) MATLAB
(2) M
Ex0501.m
%EX0501
x=0:0.1:20;
plot(x,y1,'r')
% 0.3
hold on
plot(x,y2,'g')
% 0.707
y3=1-exp(-x).*(1+x)
plot(x,y3,'b')
% 1
(3) M DebugRun 5.2
5.2
whos
Name
Size
Bytes Class
1x201
1608 double array
y1
1x201
1608 double array
y2
1x201
1608 double array
y3
1x201
1608 double array
5.1.4 M
(1) function
function [] = ()
(2)
(3) return
(4) M
MATLAB
5.2 M M
MATLAB
M
(1)
%EX0502
x=0:0.1:20;
plot(x,y)
(2) Ex0502.m
(3) MATLAB f
f=Ex0502(0.3)
Ex0502 zeta
y
xy
x
??? Undefined function or variable 'x'.
y
??? Undefined function or variable 'y'.
M M MATLAB
5.2
5.2.1 for ... end
for =array
end
array array
array
5.3 for ... end array 1+3+5...+100
% EX0503
for
sum=0;
for n=1:2:100
sum=sum+n;
end
sum
sum =
2500
sum =2500
nn 1:2:100 n
5.4 for ... end array

% EX0504
for
sum=zeros(6,1);
for n=eye(6,6)
sum=sum+n;
end
sum
sum =
1
1
1
1
1
1
n eye(6,6) n [1;0;0;0;0;0]
n [0;1;0;0;0;0] 6
5.2.2 while ... end
while
end
nanMATLAB
5.5 5.3 1+3+5...+100
% EX0505
while
sum=0;
n=1;
while n<=100
sum=sum+n;
n=n+2 ;
end
sum
n
sum =
2500
n =
101
while ... end n=101
5.2.3 Ifelseend
if 1
1
elseif 2
2
...
else
n+1
end
1 elseif 2
else n+1Ifelseend
elseif else
5.6 If 0<zeta<1 zeta=1
% EX0506
if
x=0:0.1:20;
if (zeta>0)&(zeta<1)
elseif zeta==1
y=1-exp(-x).*(1+x);
end
plot(x,y)
5.2.4 switchcase
switch
case 1
1
case 2
2
...
otherwise
n
end
(1) case 1
2 otherwise n
(2)
(3) case
5.7 switchcase
% EX0507
switch
for month=1:12;
switch month
case{3,4,5}
season='spring'
case{6,7,8}
season='summer'
case{9,10,11}
season='autumn'
otherwise
season='winter'
end
end
season =
winter
season =
winter
season =
spring
season =
spring
season =
spring
season =
summer
season =
summer
season =
summer
season =
autumn
season =
autumn
season =
autumn
season =
winter
1:12case
5.2.5 try... catch... end
try
1
catch
2
end
1
lasterr 2 2
5.8 try... catch... end

% EX0508
try
n=4;
a=magic(n);
m=3;
b=eye(3);
try
c=a*b
catch
c=a(1:m,1:m)*b
end
lasterr
c =
16
11
10
ans =
Error using ==> *
Inner matrix dimensions must agree.
catch
a b
5.2.6
1. break
break break for while
end break If
5.9 5.5 If break while 1+3+5...+100
1000
% EX0509
break while
sum=0;
n=1;
while n<=100
if sum<1000
sum=sum+n;
n=n+2;
else
break
end
end
sum
n
sum =
1024
n =
65
whileend Ifelseend sum 1024

while
2. continue
continue for while
5.10 If continue 1100

100 2 n
% EX0510
continue while
sum=2;ss=0;
for n=3:100
for m=2:fix(sqrt(n))
if mod(n,m)==0
ss=1;
break;
else
ss=0;
% ss 1
%
% ss 0
end
end
if ss==1
continue;
end
sum=sum+n;
end
sum
sum =
1060
fix(sqrt(n)) n for
if mod(n,m)==0 break continue
3. return
return
Ctrl+break
4. pause
pause
pause
%
pause(n)
% n
5. keyboard
keyboard return
6. input
input
a=input('input a number:')
input a number:45
a=
45
b=input('input a number:','s')
input a number:45
b=
45
input('input a number:')
input a number:2+3
ans =
5
% a
% b
5.3
5.3.1
1.
M
(1) M
(2) (
)
(3)
(4) help lookfor
5.11 5.2
function Ex0511()
% EX0511
z1=0.3;
Ex0502(z1);
% Ex0502
hold on
z1=0.5
Ex0502(z1)
% Ex0502
z1=0.707;
Ex0502(z1)
% Ex0502
%
x=0:0.1:20;
plot(x,y)
Ex0511 Ex0502
Ex0511.m
2.
private M
(1) private M
(2) M
(3) MATLAB
3.
MATLAB

5.3.2
1.
(Local Variables)
2.
(Global Variables) MATALB
5.12 5.11
function Ex0512()
% EX0512
global X
X=0:0.1:20;
z1=0.3;
Ex0502(z1);
hold on
z1=0.5;
Ex0502(z1);
z1=0.707;
Ex0502(z1);
function Ex0502(zeta)
%
global X
y=1-1/sqrt(1-zeta^2)*exp(-zeta*X).*sin(sqrt(1-zeta^2)*X+acos(zeta));
plot(X,y);
X global
X
global X
who
Your variables are:
X
5.3.3
1.
5.13 5.11
5.3
function Ex0513()
% EX0513
z1=0.3;
[x1,y1]=Ex0502(z1);
plot(x1,y1)
hold on
z1=0.5;
function [x,y]=Ex0502(zeta)
[x2,y2]=Ex0502(z1);
plot(x2,y2)
x=0:0.1:20;
z1=0.707;
y=1-1/sqrt(1-zeta^2)*exp(-zeta*x).*sin...
[x3,y3]=Ex0502(z1);
(sqrt(1-zeta^2)*x+acos(zeta));
5.3
Ex0513 Ex0502 zeta

z1 zeta x y x1y1
2.
(1) nargin nargout
nargin nargout nargin
nargout
nargin
%
nargout
%
nargin(fun)
%
nargout(fun)
%
5.14
function [sum,n]=Ex0514(x,y)
% EX0514
x y
if nargin==1
sum=x+0;
% 0
elseif nargin==0
sum=0;
% 0
else
sum=x+y;
end
Ex0514 2 1
[y,n]=Ex0514(2,3)
y =
5
n =
2
[y,n]=Ex0514(2)
y =
2
n =
1
[y,n]=Ex0514
y =
0
n =
0
[y,n]=Ex0514(1,2,3)
??? Error using ==> ex0514
Too many input arguments.
nargin('Ex0514')
ans =
2
5.14 nargout
if nargout==0
sum=0;
end
% 0 0
Ex0514
Ex0514(2,3) % 0
ans =
0
y=Ex0514(2,3)
% 1
y =
5
[y,n,x]=Ex0514
??? Error using ==> ex0514

Too many output arguments.
0 0
ans
(2) varargin varargout
varargin varargout
5.15
function [y,n]=Ex0515(varargin)
% EX0515
varargin
if nargin==0
% 0
disp('No Input variables.')
y=0;
elseif nargin==1
%
y=varargin{1};
else
n=nargin;
y=0;
for m=1:n
y=varargin{m}+y;
%
end
end
n=nargin;
MATLAB Ex0515
[y,n]=Ex0515(1,2,3,4)
% 4
y =
10
n =
4
[y,n]=Ex0515(1)
% 1
y =
1
n =
1
[y,n]=Ex0515
No Input variables.
y =
0
n =
0
n y
5.3.4
5.16
y = 1
1
1
e x sin( 1 2 x + a cos ) y = 1 (1 + x )e x
2
( 2 1 ) x
e ( + 1 ) x
e
y = 1
+ 1 2
2 2 1 1 2
M
function y=Ex0516(z1)
% EX0516
t=0:0.1:20;
if (z1>=0)&(z1<1)
y=plotxy1(z1,t);
elseif z1==1
y=plotxy2(z1,t);
else
y=plotxy3(z1,t);
end
function y1=plotxy1(zeta,x)
%
y1=1-1/sqrt(1-zeta^2)*exp(-zeta*x).*sin(sqrt(1-zeta^2)*x+acos(zeta));
plot(x,y1)
%
y2=1-exp(-x).*(1+x);
plot(x,y2)
%
y3=1-1/(2*sqrt(zeta^2-1))*(exp(-((zeta-sqrt(zeta^2-1))*x))./(zeta-sqrt(zeta^2-1))...
-exp(-((zeta+sqrt(zeta^2-1))*x))./(zeta+sqrt(zeta^2-1)));
plot(x,y3)
Ex0516 plotxy1plotxy2plotxy3
Ex0516.m
y=Ex0516(0.3);
hold on
y=Ex0516(0.707);
y=Ex0516(1);
y=Ex0516(2);
5.4
5.4
5.17 M
0
0
y = 0
n
n 1
n 2
1 2 3
0 1 2
0 0 1
0 0 0
function y=Ex0517(m)
% EX0517
y=0;
m=m-1;
for n=1:m
y=[0,y];
% 0
end
for n=1:m
a=[1:1:n];
b=a;
for k=m:-1:n
b=[0,b];
end
y=[b;y];
n=n+1;
end
m y
Ex0517.m
Ex0517
y=Ex0517(5)
y =
0
5.4 M
5.4.1 P
1. P
P pcode P M .p
pcode Filename.m
% Filename.p
pcode Filename.m -inplace
% Filename.m Filename.p
pcode Ex0517.m
P Ex0517.p
2. P
(1) P M
(2) M P P
(3) P
Ex0517.p
5.4.2 M
1.
MATLAB
(1)
(2)
(3) Mex
C Fortran Mex
MATLAB
(DLL)( 8.1.1 )
2.
5.18 5.17 zeros

0
0
y = 0
1 2 3
0 1 2
0 0 1
0 0 0
function y=Ex0518(m)
% EX0518
m=m-1;
y=zeros(m);
for n=1:m-1
n
n 1
n 2
a=1:m-n;
y(n,n+1:m)=a;
end
y
Ex0517 Ex0518
y=Ex0517(200)
y=Ex0518(200)
3.
MATLAB C
4.
5. M M
M
5.4.3 JIT
1. JIT
JIT
3

M MEX
forwhileifelseifswitch

i j
Intel CPU Windows Linux
2.
(1)
ViewProfilerprofile viewer
5.5
5.5
(2) MATLAB
MATLAB
Start Profiling
Start Profiling
Start ProfilingStart Profiling

Stop Profiling
MATLAB Stop
Profiling
Stop ProfilingStop Profiling
(3)
(Profile Summary)
3.24
Ex0324.m
%
[x,y]=dsolve('Dx=y,Dy=-x')
[x,y]=dsolve('Dx=y,Dy=-x','t')
dx
dy
= y,
= x
dt
dt
Ex0324Start Profiling
5.6 Ex0324
5.6
3. JIT
MATLAB6.5 JIT JIT
feature JIT on
% JIT
feature JIT off
% JIT
feature accel on
%
feature accel off
%
0
0
5.18 y = 0
1 2 3
0 1 2
0 0 1
0 0 0
n
n 1
n 2 JIT
5.6 y=Ex0518(200)
JIT
0.43
feature JIT off JIT 0.451 JIT
0.481
JIT M
5.5
1.
inline
inline(string,arg1,arg2,)
%
string(=)arg1 arg2
5.19 f ( x , z) = sin( x )e zx
f=inline('sin(x)*exp(-z*x)','x','z')
f =
Inline function:
f(x,z) = sin(x)*exp(-z*x)
y=f(5,0.3)
% f
y =
-0.2140
2.
MATLAB charclass argnames
char(inline_fun)
%
class(inline_fun)
%
argnames(inline_fun)
%
5.19
char(f)
ans =
sin(x)*exp(-z*x)
class(f)
ans =
inline
argnames(f)
ans =
'x'
'z'
3.
vectorize

vectorize(inline_fun)
%
5.19
ff=vectorize(f)
% f
ff =
Inline function:
ff(x,z) = sin(x).*exp(-z.*x)
x=0:0.1:20;
y=ff(x,0.3);
4.
feval
[y1y2,]=feval(inline_fun,arg1,arg2)
5.19
x=0:0.1:20;
z=0:0.05:10;
y=feval(ff,x,z)
5.6
5.6.1
1.
h_fun=@fun
%
h_fun=str2func(fun)
%
h_array=str2func({fun1,fun2,})
%
fun h_fun h_array
5.20 MATLAB
h_sin=@sin;
%
h_cos=str2func('cos');
%
h_array=str2func({'sin','cos','tan'})
h_array =
@sin
@cos
@tan
2.
(1)
M P
(2)
(3)
(4)
5.6.2 feval
feval feval
[y1,y2,]=feval(h_fun,arg1,arg2)
[y1,y2,]=feval(funname,arg1,arg2)
h_fun funnamearg1arg2y1y2
5.21 5.17
function y=Ex0521(z1)
% EX0521
t=0:0.1:20;
h_plotxy1=str2func('plotxy1') %
if (z1>=0)&(z1<1)
y=feval(h_plotxy1,z1,t); %
elseif z1==1
else
end
%
y1=1-1/sqrt(1-zeta^2)*exp(-zeta*x).*sin(sqrt(1-zeta^2)*x+acos(zeta));
plot(x,y1)
%
y2=1-exp(-x).*(1+x);
plot(x,y2)
%
y3=1-1/(2*sqrt(zeta^2-1))*(exp(-((zeta-sqrt(zeta^2-1))*x))./(zeta-sqrt(zeta^2-1))...
-exp(-((zeta+sqrt(zeta^2-1))*x))./(zeta+sqrt(zeta^2-1)));
plot(x,y3)
5.17
MATLAB Ex0521
(1) feval
h_Ex0521=str2func('Ex0521')
h_Ex0521 =
@Ex0521
y=feval(h_Ex0521,1);
h_plotxy1 =
@plotxy1
h_plotxy2 =
@plotxy2
h_plotxy3 =
@plotxy3
(2) feval
y=feval('Ex0521',1);
1.4
1.2
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0
10
12
14
16
18
20
(3)
y=Ex0521(1);
5.7
MATLAB
[]=(h_fun,)
[]=(funname,)
h_fun M funname
M
5.7.1
1. fminbnd
fminbnd
[x,y]=fminbnd(h_fun,x1,x2,options)
[x,y]=fminbnd(funname,x1,x2,options)
h_fun funnameoptions
0 x fun x1<x<x2
y
5.22 fminbnd humps
[x,y]=fminbnd(@humps,0.5,0.8)
% 0.50.8
x =
0.6370
y =
11.2528
humps MATLAB M humps.m @humps

humps humps 5.7 (0.637011.2528)
10-4
5.7 humps
2. fminsearch
fminsearch
x=fminsearch(h_fun,x0)
x=fminsearch(funname,x0)
x0
5.23 Banana f(x,y)=100(y-x2)2+(1-x)2
x=1y=1
fn=inline('100*(x(2)-x(1)^2)^2+(1-x(1))^2' ,'x')
% inline
,x y
fn =
Inline function:
fn(x) = 100*(x(2)-x(1)^2)^2+(1-x(1))^2
y=fminsearch(fn,[0.5,-1])
%(0.5,-1)
y =
1.0000
1.0000
5.7.2
fzero f(x)=0
x=fzero(h_fun,x0,tol,trace)
x=fzero(funname,x0,tol,trace)
h_fun x0
tol epstrace
0tol trace
5.24 humps humps 5.8
xzero=fzero(@humps,1)
% 1
xzero =
1.2995
xzero=fzero(@humps,[0.5,1.5])
% 0.51.5
xzero =
1.2995
xzero=fzero(@humps,[0.5,1])
% 0.51
??? Error using ==> fzero

The function values at the interval endpoints must differ in sign.
0.51
5.8 humps
5.7.3
quad quad8 quad8 quad
s=quad(h_fun,x1,x2,tol,trace,p1,p2,)
s=quad(funname,x1,x2,tol,trace,p1,p2,)
s=quad8(h_fun,x1,x2,tol,trace,p1,p2,)
s=quad8(funname,x1,x2,tol,trace,p1,p2,)
x1 x2 tol 0.001
trace 1 0 p1,p2
5.25 y=humps(x)
x=0:0.01:1;
y=humps(x);
area=trapz(x,y)
%
area =
29.8571
area1=quad(@humps,0,1)
% quad
area1 =
29.8583
area2=quad8(@humps,0,1)
% quad8
Warning: QUAD8 is obsolete. QUADL is its recommended replacement.

(Type "warning off MATLAB:quad8:ObsoleteFunction" to suppress this
warning.)
> In D:\MATLAB\toolbox\matlab\funfun\quad8.m at line 35
area2 =
29.8583
trapz
quad quad8
5.7.4
MATLAB ode23ode45 ode113

[t,y]=ode23(h_fun,tspan,y0,options,p1,p2)
[t,y]=ode23(funname,tspan,y0,options,p1,p2)


h_fun dx t,y tspan=[ ]
y0 options
p1,p2
5.26(Van der Pol)
d2x
2
(1 x 2 )
dx
+x=0
dt
dt
(1)
y1=xy2=dx/dt
dy1
dt
y2
dy =
(1
y
)y
y
1
2
1
2
dt
(2) vdpol.m =2
yprime y1 y2 y
M vdpol.m
%
function yprime=vdpol(t,y)
yprime=[y(2);2*(1-y(1)^2)*y(2)-y(1)]
(3) y1 y2
tspan=[0,30];
y0=[1;0];
[t,y]=ode45(@vdpol,tspan,y0);
y1=y(:,1);
y2=y(:,2);
figure(1)
plot(t,y1,':b',t,y2,'-r')
figure(2)
plot(y1,y2)
% 0 30
%
%
%
%
y1 y2 5.9
(t,y(1))
(t,y(2))
5.9
y(1)y(2) 5.10
5.10
6
MATLAB (Control System Toolbox)
6.1
6.1.1
MATLAB
ss dss
G=ss(a,b,c,d)
% abcd
G=dss(a,b,c,d,e)
% abcde
6.1
d 2 y(t)
dt
+ 2 n
zeta=0.707;wn=1;
A=[0 1;-wn^2 -2*zeta*wn];
B=[0;wn^2];
C=[1 0];
dy(t)
+ n 2 y(t) = n 2 u(t) =0.707 n =1
dt
D=0;
G=ss(A,B,C,D)
a =
x1
x2
x1
x2
-1 -1.414
b =
u1
x1
x2
c =
x1 x2
y1
d =
u1
y1
Continuous-time model.
6.1.2
MATLAB tf
G=tf(num,den)
%
num num=[b1,b2,,bm,bm+1]den den=[a1,a2,,an-1,an]
6.1
num=1;
den=[1 1.414 1];
G=tf(num,den)
%
Transfer function:
1
----------------s^2 + 1.414 s + 1
6.1.3
MATLAB zpk
G=zpk(z,p,k)
%
z p k
6.1
z=roots(num)
z =
Empty matrix: 0-by-1
p=roots(den)
p =
-0.7070 + 0.7072i
-0.7070 - 0.7072i
zpk(z,p,1)
Zero/pole/gain:
1
------------------(s^2 + 1.414s + 1)
roots
r
r
r
G(s) = 1 + 2 + + n + k(s)
s p1 s p 2
s pn
6.1
[r,p,k]=residue(num,den)
r =
0 - 0.7070i
0 + 0.7070i
p =
-0.7070 + 0.7072i
-0.7070 - 0.7072i
k =
[]
6.1.4
1.
ss dss
G=ss(a,b,c,d,Ts)
% abcd
G=dss(a,b,c,d,e,Ts)
% abcde
Ts -1
6.2
a=[-1.5 -0.5;1 0];
b=[1;0];
c=[0 0.5];
d=0;
G=ss(a,b,c,d,0.1)
% 0.1s
a =
x1
x2
x1 -1.5 -0.5
x2
b =
u1
x1
x2
c =
x1
y1
x2
0 0.5
d =
u1
y1
Sampling time: 0.1

Discrete-time model.
2.
tf
G=tf(num,den,Ts)
%
Ts -1 'z'
6.2 G(z) =
num1=[0.5 0];
0.5z
z 2 1.5z + 0.5
0.5z 1
1 1.5z 1 + 0.5z 2
den=[1 -1.5 0.5];

G1=tf(num1,den,-1)
Transfer function:
0.5 z
----------------z^2 - 1.5 z + 0.5
Sampling time: unspecified
MATLAB filt
G=filt(num,den,Ts)
%
Ts Ts -1 'z-1'
6.2 filt
num2=[0 0.5];
G2=filt(num2,den)
Transfer function:
0.5 z^-1
----------------------1 - 1.5 z^-1 + 0.5 z^-2
filt z z-1[0
0.5]
3.
zpk
G=zpk(z,p,k,Ts)
%
6.2 zpk
G3=zpk([0],[0.5 1],0.5,-1)
Zero/pole/gain:
0.5 z
------------(z-0.5) (z-1)
6.2
6.2.1
MATLAB5.3 6.1
6.1
tf2ss
[a,b,c,d]=tf2ss(num,den)
tf2zp
[z,p,k]=tf2zp(num,den)
ss2tf
[num,den]=ss2tf(a,b,c,d,iu)
ss2zp
[z,p,k]=ss2zp(a,b,c,d,iu)
zp2ss
[a,b,c,d]=zp2ss(z,p,k)
zp2tf
[num,den]=zp2tf(z,p,k)
1.
(1)
ss dss
G=ss()
%
G=ss()
%
6.3 G 1 (s) =
num=[0 3 2;
1 2 3];
den=[3 5 2 1];
G11=tf(num(1,:),den)
Transfer function:
3 s + 2
----------------------3 s^3 + 5 s^2 + 2 s + 1
G12=tf(num(2,:),den)
Transfer function:
s^2 + 2 s + 3
-----------------------
3s + 2
s 2 + 2s + 5
3s 3 + 5s 2 + 2s + 1
3 s^3 + 5 s^2 + 2 s + 1
G=ss([G11;G12])
a =
x1
x1
-1.667
x2
x3
-0.3333 -0.08333
x2
x3
b =
u1
x1
x2
x3
c =
x1
y1
x2
x3
0.5 0.1667
y2 0.3333 0.3333
0.25
d =
u1
y1
y2
(2)
tf
G=tf()
%
G=tf()
%
6.3
G1=tf(G)
Transfer function from input to output...

s + 0.6667
#1: ----------------------------------s^3 + 1.667 s^2 + 0.6667 s + 0.3333
0.3333 s^2 + 0.6667 s + 1

#2: ----------------------------------s^3 + 1.667 s^2 + 0.6667 s + 0.3333
(3)
zpk
G=zpk()
%
G=zpk()
%
6.3
G2=zpk(G)
%
Zero/pole/gain from input to output...

(s+0.6667)
#1: ----------------------------------(s+1.356) (s^2 + 0.3103s + 0.2458)
0.33333 (s^2 + 2s + 3)
#2: ----------------------------------(s+1.356) (s^2 + 0.3103s + 0.2458)
G2=zpk(G1);
2.
[a,b,c,d]=ssdata(G)
[a,b,c,d,e]=dssdata(G)
[num,den]=tfdata(G)
[z,p,k]=zpkdata(G)
6.3
[a,b,c,d]=ssdata(G1)
a =
-1.6667
2.0000
-0.3333
-0.0833
2.0000
0.5000
b =
1
0
0
c =
0.1667
%
%
%
%
%
0.3333
0.3333
0.2500
d =
0
0
[num,den]=tfdata(G2)
num =
[1x4 double]
[1x4 double]
den =
[1x4 double]
[1x4 double]
[z,p,k]=zpkdata(G)
z =
[
-0.6667]
[2x1 double]
p =
[3x1 double]
[3x1 double]
k =
1.0000
0.3333
3.
6.3
class(G)
%
ans =
ss
isa(G,'tf')
ans =
0
6.2.2
6.2
class
class(G)
isa
isa(G, '')
G 1(True)
isct
isct(G)
G 1(True)
isdt
isdt(G)
G 1(True)
issiso
issiso(G)
G SISO 1(True)
1. c2d
c2d
Gd=c2d(G,Ts,method)
% Ts method
G Gd Ts method
zoh()foh()tustin()prewarp(
)mached()
6.4
a=[0 1;-1 -1.414];
b=[0;1];
c=[1 0];
d=0;
G=ss(a,b,c,d);
Gd=c2d(G,0.1)
a =
x1
x1
x2
0.9952
0.0931
x2 -0.0931
0.8636
b =
u1
x1 0.004768
x2
0.0931
c =
x1 x2
y1
d =
u1
y1
Sampling time: 0.1

2. d2c
d2c c2d

G=d2c(Gd,method)
%
method c2d foh()
6.4
G=d2c(Gd)
a =
x1
x2
x1 5.551e-016
x2
-1
1
-1.414
b =
u1
x1 -2.776e-016
x2
c =
x1 x2
y1
d =
u1
y1
3. d2d
d2d
Gd2=d2d(Gd1,Ts2)
% Ts2
Gd1 Ts2
Gd2
6.4
Gd2=d2d(Gd,0.3)
a =
x1
x1
x2
0.961
0.2408
x2 -0.2408
0.6205
b =
u1
x1 0.03897
x2
0.2408
c =
x1 x2
y1
d =
u1
y1
Sampling time: 0.3

6.2.3
1.
sstf zpk
6.3 6.4
6.3
Ts
0 -1
Td
InputName
OutputName
Notes
Userdata
6.4
tf
ss
den
num
variable
s,p,z,q,z-1
zpk
StateName
-1
variable
s,p,z,q,z
6.3 6.4 MATLAB get

set
2. get set
(1) get
get(G)
%
get(G,PropertyName,)
%
G PropertyName
(2) set
set(G,PropertyName,PropertyValue,) %
1
6.5 G(s) = 2
s + 1.414s + 1
1
2
z + 2z + 1
num=1;
den=[1 1.414 1];
G=tf(num,den);
get(G)
num: {[0 0 1]}

den: {[1 1.41 1]}
Variable: 's'
Ts: 0
ioDelay: 0
InputDelay: 0
OutputDelay: 0
InputName: {''}
OutputName: {''}
InputGroup: {0x2 cell}
OutputGroup: {0x2 cell}
Notes: {}
UserData: []
set(G,'den',[1 2 1],'Variable','z')
G
Transfer function:
1
------------z^2 + 2 z + 1
3.
6.5
G.den=[1 1.414 1];
G
Transfer function:
1
----------------z^2 + 1.414 z + 1
6.3
1.
SISO 6.1
u(t)
y(t)
G1(s)
G2(s)
6.1
G=G1*G2
G=series(G1,G2)
2.
SISO
6.2
G=G1+G2
G=parallel(G1,G2)
G1(s)
u(t)
G2(s)
6.2
3.
6.3
y(t)
u(t)
G1(s)
y(t)
G2(s)
6.3
G=feedback(G1,G2,Sign)
Sign Sign=-1
6.6 6.4
1
1
1
1
G 1 (s) = 2
G 2 (s) =
G 3 (s) =
G 4 (s) =
s +1
2s + 1
s
s + 2s + 1
G1(s
G2 (s)
G3 (s)
G4 (s)
6.4
G1=tf(1,[1 2 1])
Transfer function:
1
------------s^2 + 2 s + 1
G2=tf(1,[1 1]);
G3=tf(1,[2 1]);
G4=tf(1,[1 0]);
G12=G1+G2
Transfer function:
s^2 + 3 s + 2
--------------------s^3 + 3 s^2 + 3 s + 1
G34=G3-G4
Transfer function:
-s - 1
--------2 s^2 + s
G=feedback(G12,G34,-1) %
Transfer function:
2 s^4 + 7 s^3 + 7 s^2 + 2 s
------------------------------------2 s^5 + 7 s^4 + 8 s^3 + s^2 - 4 s - 2
G1 G2 G1
G1=ss(tf(1,[1 2 1]));
%
G2=tf(1,[1 1]);
G1+G2
a =
x1
x1
x2
x3
-2 -0.25
x2
x3
-1
b =
u1
x1 0.5
x2
x3
c =
x1
y1
x2
x3
0 0.5
d =
u1
y1
4.
(1)
(2) append
G=append(G1,G2,G3,)
(3) Q
INPUTS
OUTPUTS
(4) connect
Sys=connect(G,Q,INPUTS,OUTPUTS)
blkbuild
nblocks
blkbuild
6.7 6.5
1/s+1
-
u(t)
1/s
y(t)
1/(s2+s)
1/(s2+s)
1/s
6.5
append
(1) 6.6
-1/s+1
7
1/s
1/(s2+s)
1/(s2+s)
1/s
6
-1
5
6.6
(2) append
G1=tf(1,[1 0]);
G2=tf(1,[1 1 0]);
G3=tf(1,[1 1 0]);
-2
4
-2
G4=tf(-2,1);
G5=tf(-1,1);
G6=tf(1,[1 0]);
G7=tf(-1,[1 1]);
Sys=append(G1,G2,G3,G4,G5,G6,G7)
Transfer function from input 1 to output...

1
#1: s
#2: 0
#3: 0
#4: 0
#5: 0
#6: 0
#7: 0
#1: 0
1
#2: ------s^2 + s
#3: 0
#4: 0
#5: 0
#6: 0
#7: 0
#1: 0
#2: 0
1
#3: ------s^2 + s
#4: 0
#5: 0
#6: 0
#7: 0
#1: 0
#2: 0
#3: 0
#4: -2
#5: 0
#6: 0
#7: 0
#1: 0
#2: 0
#3: 0
#4: 0
#5: -1
#6: 0
#7: 0
#1: 0
#2: 0
#3: 0
#4: 0
#5: 0
1
#6: s
#7: 0
#1: 0
#2: 0
#3: 0
#4: 0
#5: 0
#6: 0
-1
#7: ----s + 1
append Sys
Sys
(3)
Q=[1 6 5;
% 1 6 5
2 1 7;
% 2 1 7
3 2 0;
% 3 2
4 3 0;
5 4 0;
6 2 0;
7 3 0;]
INPUTS=1;
% 1
OUTPUTS=4;
% 4
Q =
1
Q 7
INPUTS OUTPUTS
(4) connect
G =connect(Sys,Q,INPUTS,OUTPUTS)
Transfer function:
-2 s^2 - 2 s
---------------------------------------------------------s^7 + 3 s^6 + 3 s^5 + s^4 - s^3 - 3 s^2 - 3 s - 6.661e-016
connect
blkbuild
(2)
nblocks=7;
% 7
n1=1; d1=[1 0];
% 1
n2=1; d2=[1 1 0];
n3=1; d3=[1 1 0];
n4=-2; d4=1;
n5=-1; d5=1;
n6=1; d6=[1 0];
n7=-1;d7=[1 1];
nblocks 7 ni
di
blkbuild
blkbuild
State model [a,b,c,d] of the block diagram has 7 inputs and 7 outputs.
7 a
bcd
(3) Q Q
(4) connect
[A,B,C,D]=connect(a,b,c,d,Q,INPUTS,OUTPUTS)
A =
-1
-1
-1
-1
-2
B =
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
C =
0
D =
0
6.4
6.4.1
MATLAB initial
initial(G,x0, Ts)
%
initial(G1,G2,,x0, Ts)
%
[y,t,x]=initial(G,x0, Ts)
%
G x0 Ts
y t
x
6.8
G1 =
12
1
H =
s+4
s+3
[1 2] 6.7
G1=tf(12,[1 4]);
H=tf(1,[1 3]);
GG=feedback(G1,H)
Transfer function:
6.7
12 s + 36
-------------s^2 + 7 s + 24
G=ss(GG);
initial(G,[1 2])
2.
dinitial
dinitial(a,b,c,d,x0)
%
y= dinitial (a,b,c,d,x0)
%
[y,x,n]= dinitial (a,b,c,d,x0)
% n
abcd x0 y t
x n
6.4.2
1.
impluse
impulse(G, Ts)
%
[y,t,x]=impulse(G, Ts)
%
G y
t x t x Ts
6.8 6.8
impulse(G)
%
t=0:0.1:10;
y=impulse(G,t)
% t
6.8
2.
dimpulse

dimpluse(a,b,c,d,iu)
[y,x]=dimpluse(a,b,c,d,iu,n)
[y,x]=dimpluse(num,den,iu,n)
%
% n
% n
iu n y n x
6.9 6.9
6.9
a=[-2 0;0 -3];

b=[1;1];
c=[1 -4];
d=1;
dimpulse(a,b,c,d,1,10)
% 10
6.4.3
1.
step
step(G, Ts)
%
[y,t,x]=step(G, Ts)
%
impulse
6.10 6.6
6.10
G1=tf(12,[1 4]);
H=tf(1,[1 3]);
G=feedback(G1,H)
Transfer function:
12 s + 36
------------- 6.10
s^2 + 7 s + 24
step(G)
step t 6.11
t1=0:0.1:5;
y1=step(G,t1);
plot(t1,y1)
t2=0:0.5:5;
y2=step(G,t2);
plot(t2,y2)
6.11 (a)
(b)
2.
dstep dimpluse
6.4.4
1.
lsim
lsim(G,U,Ts)
%
lsim(G1,G2,U,Ts)
%
[y,t,x]=lsim(G,U,Ts)
%
U Ts U Ts
t x
6.11
6.12
6.12
t=0:0.1:5;
u=sin(t);
G1=tf(1,[1 1.41 1])
Transfer function:
1
---------------s^2 + 1.41 s + 1
G2=tf(1,[1 0.6 1])
Transfer function:
1
--------------s^2 + 0.6 s + 1
lsim(G1,'r',G2,'bo',u,t)
2.
dlsim
dlsim(a,b,c,d,U)
%
[y,x]=dlsim(num,den,U)
%
[y,x]=dlsim(a,b,c,d,U)
%
U
6.12 Z G(z) =
2 + 5z 1 + z 2
1 + 2z 1 + 3z 2
6.13
num=[2 5 1];
den=[1 2 3];
t=0:0.1:5;
u=sin(t);
y=dlsim(num,den,u);
6.13
6.4.5
1.
(1) pole
p=pole(G)
(2) tzero
z=tzero(G)
%
[z,gain]=tzero(G)
%
tzero
5s + 100
6.13 G(s) = 4
s + 8s 3 + 32s 2 + 80s + 100

num=[5 100];
den=[1 8 32 80 100];
G=tf(num,den);
p=pole(G)
p =
-1.0000 + 3.0000i
-1.0000 - 3.0000i
-3.0000 + 1.0000i
-3.0000 - 1.0000i
[z,gain]=tzero(G)
z =
-20
gain =
5
2.
damp n
[wn,zeta]=damp(G)
3.
dcgain
k=dcgain(G)
%
6.13 n
[wn,zeta]=damp(G)
wn =
3.1623
3.1623
3.1623
3.1623
zeta =
0.9487
0.9487
0.3162
0.3162
dcgain(G)
ans =
1
6.5
6.5.1
Gw=polyval(num,j*w)./polyval(den,j*w)
mag=abs(Gw)
pha=angle(Gw)
j
6.14 G(s) =
1
2
s + 1.414s + 1
num=1;
den=[1 1.414 1];
w=1 ;
Gw=polyval(num,j*w)./polyval(den,j*w)
Gw =
0 - 0.7072i
Aw=abs(Gw)
Aw =
0.7072
Fw=angle(Gw)
Fw =
-1.5708
6.5.2
1. bode
bode
bode(G,w)
% bode
[mag,pha]=bode(G,w)
% w
[mag,pha,w]=bode(G)
%
G w mag pha
1
6.15 G(s) =
bode 6.14(a)
s(s + 1)(s + 2)
num=1;
den=conv([1 1],[1 ,2])
den =
1
G=tf(num,[den 0])
Transfer function:
1
----------------s^3 + 3 s^2 + 2 s
bode(G)
% bode
6.15 semilogx 6.14(b)
6.14 (a) Bode
(b) semilogx
w=logspace(-1,2);
[m,p]=bode(num,den,w);
subplot(2,1,1)
semilogx(w,20*log10(m))
subplot(2,1,2)
semilogx(w,p)
2. nyquist
nyquist nyquist
nyquist (G,w)
% nyquist
nyquist (G1,G2,w)
% nyquist
[Re,Im]= nyquist (G,w)
% w
[Re,Im,w]= nyquist (G)
%
G w
{wmin,wmax}Re
Im
6.16
1
1
G2(s) =
G1(s) =
s(s + 1)(s + 2)
(s + 1)(s + 2)
G3(s) =
1
nyquist
s(s + 1)
6.15
num=1;
den1=[conv([1 1],[1 2]),0];
G1=tf(num,den1)
Transfer function:
6.15
nyquist
1
----------------s^3 + 3 s^2 + 2 s
den2=[conv([1 1],[1 2])];
G2=tf(num,den2)
Transfer function:
1
------------s^2 + 3 s + 2
den3=[1 1 0];
G3=tf(num,den3)
Transfer function:
1
------s^2 + s
nyquist(G1,'r',G2,'b:',G3,'g-.',{0.1,180/57.3})
{0.1,180/57.3}
w=1:2;
[re,im]=nyquist(G1,w)
re(:,:,1) =
-0.3000
re(:,:,2) =
-0.0750
im(:,:,1) =
-0.1000
im(:,:,2) =
0.0250
re im (Ny, Nu, Length(w)) Ny Nu
3. nichols
nichols nichols
nichols (G,w)
% nichols
nichols (G1,G2,w)
% nichols
[Mag,Pha]= nichols (G,w)
% w
[Mag,Pha,w]= nichols (G)

%
G(s)/(1+G(s)) nichols
M N M MATLAB nichols M
ngrid
ngrid(new)
% M
new M
nichols new M -40db40db 360o0o
1
6.16 G1(s) =
M nichols
s(s + 1)(s + 2)
6.16
6.16 nichols
ngrid('nichols1')
% M
nichols(G1)
% nichols
w=1:2;
[Mag,Pha]=nichols(G1,w)
%
Mag(:,:,1) =
0.3162
Mag(:,:,2) =
0.0791
Pha(:,:,1) =
-161.5651
Pha(:,:,2) =
-198.4349
ngrid M
6.5.3
% bode
margin(G)
[Gm,Pm,Wcg,Wcp]=margin(G)
%
Gm Wcg Pm Wcp
() Wcg Wcp nan Inf Gm Pm
1
6.16 G1(s) =
s(s + 1)(s + 2)
G1
Transfer function:
1
----------------s^3 + 3 s^2 + 2 s
[Gm,Pm,Wcg,Wcp]=margin(G1)
Gm =
6.0000
Pm =
53.4109
Wcg =
1.4142
Wcp =
0.4457
6.5.4
6.17 G(z) =
2 + 5z 1 + z 2
1 + 2z 1 + 3z 2
bode 6.17
6.17 bode
dnum=[2 5 1];
dden=[1 2 3];
dbode(dnum,dden,0.1)
% bode 0.1s
6.6
6.6.1
MATLAB rlocus
rlocus(G)
%
rlocus(G1,G2,)
%
[r,k]=rlocus(G)
% K
r= rlocus(G,k)
% K
1.
k
6.18 G(s) =
6.18
s(s + 4)(s + 2 4j)(s + 2 + 4j)
num=1 ;
den=[conv([1,4],conv([1 -2+4i],[1 -2-4i])),0]
den =
1
80
G=tf(num,den)
Transfer function:
1
-----------------s^4 + 4 s^2 + 80 s
rlocus(G)
[r,k]=rlocus(G);
%
%
6.18
2.
1-G(s)=0
k(s + 2)
6.19 G(s) =
(s + 3)(s 2 + 2s + 2)
6.19
num=[-1 -2];
den=conv([1 3],[1 2 2]);
G=tf(num,den)
Transfer function:
-s - 2
--------------------s^3 + 5 s^2 + 8 s + 6
rlocus(G)
6.19
6.6.2
1.
MATLAB rlocfind K
[k,p]=rlocfind(G)
%
k p
Select a point in the
graphics window
k p
6.19 6.19 rlocfind
[k,p]=rlocfind(G)
Select a point in the graphics window
selected_point =
-8.2323e-001 -1.5326e-001i
k=
1.8558e+000
p=
-3.3843e+000
-8.0785e-001 +1.5352e-001i
-8.0785e-001 -1.5352e-001i
k
p
2. n
sgrid('new')
%n
sgrid(zeta,wn,'new')
%n
'new'n
new M zeta wn n
k
6.20 G1(s) =
6.20
s(s + 1)(s + 2)
=0.707
num=1;
den=[conv([1 1],[1 2 ]),0];
G1=tf(num,den);
rlocus(G1)
sgrid(0.707,10)
%
%=0.707 n=10
n =0.707
[k,p]=rlocfind(G1)
Select a point in the graphics window
selected_point =
-0.3791 + 0.3602i
k=
0.6233
p=
-2.2279
-0.3861 + 0.3616i
-0.3861 - 0.3616i
G=feedback(k*G1,1)
Transfer function:
0.6233
-------------------------s^3 + 3 s^2 + 2 s + 0.6233
figure(2)
step(G)
6.20 (a) n
(b)
3. RLTool
MATLAB
rltool
rltool
%
rltool(G)
%
k
6.21
s(s + 4)(s 2 + 4s + 20)
num=1;
a=[1 0];
b=[1 4];
c=[1 4 20];
den=conv(a,b);
den=conv(den,c);
G=tf(num,den);
rltool(G);
6.21
sisotool(G)
6.7
6.7.1
1.
MATLAB acker
k=acker(A,B,p)
%SISO
AB p
1
0
0
0
6.22 x = Ax(t) + Bu(t) A = 0 0

1 B = 0
1 5 6
1
p=[-2+2j,-2-2j,-10] k
A=[0 1 0;0 0 1;-1 -5 -6];
B=[0;0;1];
p=[-2+2j -2-2j -10];
k=acker(A,B,p)
k =
79
43
2.
3.
6.7.2
1.
MATLAB lqr
[K,P,E]=lqr(A,B,Q,R)
%
ABQR P Riccati K E
1
0
0
0
6.23 x = Ax(t) + Bu(t) A = 0
0
1 B = 0
35 27 9
1
1 0 0
Q = 0 1 0 R=1
0 0 1
a=[0 1 0;0 0 1;-35 -27 -9];

b=[0;0;1];
q=eye(3);
r=1;
[k,p,e]=lqr(a,b,q,r)
k =
0.0143
0.1107
0.0676
4.2625
2.4957
0.0143
2.4957
2.8150
0.1107
0.0143
0.1107
0.0676
p =
e =
-5.0958
-1.9859 + 1.7110i
-1.9859 - 1.7110i
k e Riccati
2.
MATLAB dlqr
[K,P,E]=dlqr(A,B,Q,R)
%
3.
J=
1
2
[y(t) T Qy(t) + u(t) T Ru(t)]dt
MATLAB lqry Riccati
[K,P,E]=lqry(A,B,Q,R)
Simulink
Simulink
7.1 Simulink
7.1
(1) MATLAB simulink
Simulink (Simulink Library Browser) 7.1
7.1 Simulink
(2)
FileNewModel
untitled
(3) Source+( Source)

Simulink Source
(4) Sine Wave()

untitledSine Wave untitled Sine
Waveadd to 'untitled'Sine Wave
untitled 7.2
7.2 Simulink
(5) SinksScope()
untitled
(6) untitledSine Wave
Scope
7.3
(7) untitled
Simulink
StartScope
7.4
7.3 Simulink
7.4
(8)
Ex0701.mdl
7.2 Simulink
7.2.1 Simulink
1.
MATLAB FileNewModel
7.1 Simulink FileNewModel
7.3 Simulink FileNewModel
2.
MATLAB
Ex0701
MATLAB FileOpen
7.1 Simulink FileOpen
.mdl
7.3 Simulink FileOpen
7.2.2 Simulink
7.5
1.
2.
7.6
exe
7.6
3.
Simulink 7.1
7.1
File
Edit
View
NewModel
Model properties
Preferences
SIMULINK
Print
Close
Simulink
Exit MATLAB
MATLAB
Create subsystem
Mask subsystem
Look under mask
Update diagram
Go to parent
Model browser options
Block data tips options
Library browser
Simulation
Format
Tools
Fit system to view
Normal
(100%)
StartStop
PauseContinue
Simulation Parameters
Normal
Simulink
Accelerator
Simulink
Text alignment
Filp name
ShowHide name
Filp block
Rotate Block
Library link display
ShowHide drop shadow
Sample time colors
Wide nonscalar lines
Signal dimensions
Port data types
Storage class
Data explorer
Simulink debugger
Simulink
Data class designer
Linear Analysis
7.3
7.3.1
1.

Shift
7.7
7.7

EditSelect all
2.
(1) ()

CopyPaste
CopyPaste
(2) ( 7.8 )

Ctrl
CopyPaste
7.8
3.

Shift
4.
Delete EditClearCut
Cut
5.
6.
180
FormatFlip Block 180 7.9
180
90
FormatRotate Block 90 7.9
7.9
7.

FormatFont

FormatHide /Show name

FormatFlip name
7.3.2
1.
2.
(1)
Ctrl 7.10
7.10
(2)
Shift
7.11
7.11
3. (label)

Ctrl
4.
7.3.3
(1)
(2)
7.4 Simulink
7.4.1
Simulink 9
1. (Sources)
7.2
7.2
Constant
Step
Ramp
Sine Wave
Signal Generator
From File
From Workspace
Clock
In
2. (Sinks)
7.3
7.3
Scope
Display
XY Graph
X-Y
To File
To Workspace
Stop Simulation
Out
3. (Continuous)
7.4
7.4
Integrator
Derivative
State-Space
Transfer Fcn
Zero-Pole
Transport Delay
4. (Discrete)
7.5
7.5
Discrete Transfer Fcn
Discrete Zero-Pole
Discrete State-Space
Discrete Filter
Zero-Order Hold
First-Order Hold
Unit Delay
7.4.2
1.
(1) (Sine Wave)
7.13
7.13
Sine type
Time-based Sample-basedAmplitude
Bias Frequency
Phrase Sample time
(2) (Step)
7.14
Step time
initial value Final value
Sample time
7.13
7.14
(3) (From workspace)
7.2 t y
t=0:0.1:10;
y=sin(t);
t=t';
y=y';
From Workspace 7.15(a)Data

[t,y]OK 7.15(b)
7.15 (a)
(b)
DataFrom Workspace
Data+1
t=0:0.1:2*pi;
y=sin(t);
y1=[t;y];
save Ex0702 y1
%Ex0702.mat
(4) (From file)

mat
7.2.mat
t=0:0.1:2*pi;
y=sin(t);
y1=[t;y];
save Ex0702 y1
%
Ex0702.mat
From File
7.16 File name
Ex0702.matOK
(5) (Transfer function)
7.16 From File
7.18
7.17
7.17
Denominator[1 1.414 1] 7.18
(6) (Scope)
7.19
X-Y
7.19
2.
7.22
7.22
(1) (Description)
(2) (Priority)
(3) (Tag)
(4) (Open function)

MATLAB
(5) (Attributes format string)
7.23
7.5
Simulink
7.5.1
SimulationSimulation parameters
7.24
7.24 Solver
1. Solver
(1)
(Start time)
(Stop time)
(2)
Solve options
(3)
Type
(4)
(Output options)
2. Workspace I/O()
7.25 Simulink
7.25 Workspace I/O
(1) (Load from workspace)

(2) (Save to workspace)
Time
Time ()( tout)
States
States ( xout)
Output
Out Output
( yout)
Final state
Final state ( xFinal)
(3) (Save options)

Save options Save to workspace
7.5.2
7.3
1
2
s + 0.6s
(1) SourcesStepContinuousTransfer Fcn

Math OperationsSumSinksScope
(2)
(3) Sum 7.26 Icon shape

rectangularList of signs|+-|
Transfer FcnDenominator[1 0.6
7.26 Sum
0]
StepStep time 0
(4)
7.27
7.27
(5)
Start simulation
Simulink SimulationSimulation parameters
SolverStop time 15Start simulation
15
Y Y Y-min 0Y-max 2
Title 7.28
7.28
(1) (Integrator) (zero-pole) Math

OperationsGain-1
(2) GainFlip Block
(3) zero-poleZeros[]Poles
[-0.6]
GainGain-1 7.29
7.29
SinksOut
Workspace I/O ()TimeOutput

toutyout
7.30
plot(tout,yout)
7.30 plot
7.5.3
7.4
(1) StepTransfer FcnSum

ScopeGainDiscreteDiscrete
FilterZero-Order Hold
(2) GainZero-Order Hold
(3) Discrete FilterZero-Order HoldSample time
0.1s
(4) 7.31
7.31
(5) Simulink
FormatSample time color
(6) Simulink Simulation

Simulation parameters
Max step size 0.05sScopeScope1 7.32
7.32 T=Tk=0.1 (a) d(k)
(b) y(t)
T=Tk=0.1
(7) Discrete FilterSample time 0.6s
Zero-Order Hold
Sample timeEditUpdate diagram
Discrete Filter 7.33
T=0.6 Tk=0.1
7.33 T=0.6 Tk=0.1 (a) d(k)
(b) y(t)
(8) Discrete Filter Zero-Order HoldSample time

0.6s 7.34
T=Tk=0.6
7.34 T=0.6 Tk=0.1 (a) d(k)
(b) y(t)
7.5.4
7.5 7.4 7.35
7.35
Ex0705_1.m
% Ex0705_1
T=0.1;
Tk=0.6;
k=0.03;
zt1=1.44;zt2=-1.26;zt3=1;zt4=-1;
tf11=6.7;tf12=0.1;tf13=1;
tf21=1;tf22=3;tf23=1
%
%
%Gain
MATLAB
Ex0705_1
7.6
7.6.1
1.
7.6 7.4
EditCreate subsystem 7.36
7.36
Subsystem 7.37
In1Out1
2.
7.7 7.6 7.6
7.36 Subsystem
7.37 7.38
7.37
7.38
7.39
7.39
7.6.2
1. (Enabled Subsystem)
7.41 (a) Enable
(b) Out1
7.8
Sine waveScope
Enabled Subsystem
7.42 (a)
(b)
Sine waveEnabled Subsystem

7.42(a)
Enabled Subsystem
7.42(b)
2. (Triggered Subsystem)
7.9
7.43 (a)
(b)
Sine waveScope
Triggered SubsystemSourcesPulse Generator
Pulse GeneratorTriggered Subsystem

7.43(a)
Triggered SubsystemPulse Generator
7.43(b)
3. (Enabled and Triggered Subsystem)
Simulink 0 0
7.6.3
1.
(1)
(2) EditMask subsystem
(3) IconParametersInitialization
Documentation
2. Icon
Icon 7.44
7.44 Icon
(1) Drawing commands

Drawing
commands Examples of drawing commands plot
disptextport_labelimagepatchcolordrootsdploy fprintf
(2) Icon Options
3. Parameters
Parameters 7.45
7.45 Parameters
(1) Add
Delete
Move up
Move down
(2) Dialog Parameters

Prompt
Variable
Edit
Checkbox
type
Popup
EvaluatetypeEvaluate
Literal
7.6
7.6 Assignment
Evaluate
type
on
off
Edit
Checkbox
1 0
on off
Popup
(3) Options for selected parameter

PopstypePopup
Callback
4. Initialization
Initialization
5. Documentation
Documentation Help Mask
typeMask DescriptionMask help
(1) Mask type
(2) Mask Description
(3) Mask help
6.
ApplyUnmask
7.10
zeta
wn
(1) zeta wn
7.46
7.46
(2) EditCreate Subsystem

7.47
7.47
(3) EditMask subsystem zeta

wn
Icon Drawing commands
disp('')
plot([0 1 2 3 10],-exp(-[0 1 2 3 10]))
Parameters Add Prompt

typePopupedit
Variablezetawn Popups0 0.3 0.5 0.707 1 2 7.48(a)
Initialization 7.48(b)
7.48 (a) Parameters
(b) Initialization
Documentation 7.48(c)
7.48(c) Documentation
OK 7.49(a)
7.49(b)
zeta wn
7.49 (a)
(b)
7.7 MATLAB Simulink

7.7.1 MATLAB Simulink
1. Simulink
(1)
new_system MATLAB Simulink
new_system(newmodel,option)
%
newmodeloption LibraryModel
Model
(2)
open_system Simulink
open_system(model)
%
model
(3)
save_system .mdl
save_system(model,)
%
model
7.11 MATLAB
new_system('Ex0711model')
open_system('Ex0711model')
save_system('Ex0711model','Ex0711')
%
%
%
2.
(1)
add_block
add_block(, 1, 1 2,
2,)
Simulink
built-in/Sine Wave
(2)
add_line
add_line(,/, /)
add_line(,m)
m
7.11 MATLAB
add_block('built-in/Step','Ex0711/Step','position',[20,100,40,120])
%
add_block('built-in/Sum','Ex0711/Sum','position',[60,100,80,120])
% Sum
add_block('built-in/Transfer Fcn','Ex0711/Fcn1','position',[120,90,200,130])
%
add_block('built-in/Scope','Ex0711/Scope','position',[240,100,260,120]) %
add_line('Ex0711','Step/1','Sum/1')
%
add_line('Ex0711','Sum/1','Fcn1/1')
add_line('Ex0711','Fcn1/1','Scope/1')
add_line('Ex0711','Fcn1/1','Sum/2')
'position''Ex0711'
7.50
7.50
3.
(1)
7.11
f1=simget('Ex0711')
f1 =
AbsTol: 'auto'
Debug: 'off'
Decimation: 1
DstWorkspace: 'current'
FinalStateName: ''
FixedStep: 'auto'
InitialState: []
InitialStep: 'auto'
MaxOrder: 5
SaveFormat: 'Array'
%
%
% 1 1
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
MaxDataPoints: 1000
MaxStep: 'auto'
MinStep: []
OutputPoints: 'all'
OutputVariables: 'ty'
Refine: 1
RelTol: 0.0010
Solver: 'ode45'
SrcWorkspace: 'base'
Trace: ''
ZeroCross: 'on'
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
(2)
(3)
7.11 7.3
set_param('Ex0711','StopTime','15')
%
set_param('Ex0711/Step','time','0')
%
set_param('Ex0711/Sum','Inputs','+-')
% Sum
set_param('Ex0711/Fcn1','Denominator','[1 0.6 0]')
%
7.51
7.51
4.
(1)
delete_block('Ex0711/Scope')
(2)
7.7.2 MATLAB Simulink

sim
[t,x,y]=sim(model,timespan,options,ut)
%
[t,x,y1,y2,]=sim(model,timespan,options,ut)%
modeltimespan [t0,tf]
[]options
ut t x y
timespan options ut
7.11 7.50
[t,x,y]=sim('Ex0711',[0,15]);
plot(t,x(:,2))
7.50
7.8 Simulink
Simulink 7.1 (Block and
Toolboxes)
(Control System Toolbox)

(Communications Blockset )
(DSP Blockset)
(NCD Blockset)
(Fixed-Point Blockset)
(StateFlow)
(System ID Blocks)
(Neural Network Blockset)
(Fuzzy Logic Toolbox)
8 MATLAB
8.1 MATLAB
8.1.1 MEX
MEX
(1) C FORTRAN MEX MATLAB
M
(2) MATLAB for
MEX
(3) A/DD/A PC MEX
(4) MEX Windows
1. MEX
Microsoft Visual C/C++ 6.0 mex -setup
MEX
>> mex -setup
Please choose your compiler for building external interface (MEX) files:
Would you like mex to locate installed compilers [y]/n? y
mex y
Select a compiler:
[1] Digital Visual Fortran version 6.0 in C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio
[2] Lcc C version 2.4 in D:\MATLAB6P1\sys\lcc
[3] Microsoft Visual C/C++ version 6.0 in D:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio
[0] None
MEX 3
Please verify your choices:

Compiler: Microsoft Visual C/C++ 6.0
Location: D:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio
Are these correct?([y]/n):
y
The default options file:
"D:\Documents and Settings\ZJDCY\Application Data\MathWorks\MATLAB\R12\mexopts.bat"
is being updated from D:\MATLAB6P1\BIN\WIN32\mexopts\msvc60opts.bat...
Installing the MATLAB Visual Studio add-in ...
Updated D:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\common\msdev98\template\MATLABWizard.awx
from D:\MATLAB6P1\BIN\WIN32\MATLABWizard.awx
Updated D:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\common\msdev98\template\MATLABWizard.hlp

from D:\MATLAB6P1\BIN\WIN32\MATLABWizard.hlp
Updated D:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\common\msdev98\addins\MATLABAddin.dll
from D:\MATLAB6P1\BIN\WIN32\MATLABAddin.dll
Merged D:\MATLAB6P1\BIN\WIN32\usertype.dat
with D:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\common\msdev98\bin\usertype.dat
2.
MATLAB MATLAB extern\examples\mex
mex yprime.c
extern\examples\mex yprime.dll yprime.dll
>> which yprime

D:\MATLAB6p1\extern\examples\mex\yprime.dll
yprime.dll
>> yprime(1,1:2:7)
ans =
3.0000
14.9925
7.0000
-1.0377
3. C MEX
(1)
MATLAB
mexFunction
void mexFunction( int nlhs, mxArray *plhs[], int nrhs, const mxArray*prhs[] )
{
/* MATLAB */
}
mexFunction
nrhs
prhs
nlhs
plhs
(2)
4. C MEX
(1) MATLAB API
MEX MATLAB API
mxGetM
mxGetN
mxGetPr
mexErrMsgTxt MATLAB
mxCreateString
mxCreateDoubleMatrix
mxIsDouble
(2) C MEX
MEX
8.1 Microsoft Visual C++6.0 MEX
Microsoft Visual C++6.0 C++ Source File

Ex0801.cpp

#include "mex.h"
#include "math.h"
/* Ex0801*/
void Ex0801(double y[],double x[])
{
y[0]=1/(x[0]*x[0]);
return;
}
/* mexFunction*/
void mexFunction(int nlhs,mxArray *plhs[],int nrhs,const mxArray *prhs[])
{
double *x,*y;
unsigned int m,n;
/**/
if(nrhs!=1)
{
mexErrMsgTxt("Only one input argument allowed.");
}
/**/
else if(nlhs!=1){
mexErrMsgTxt("Only one output argument allowed.");
}
m = mxGetM(prhs[0]);
n = mxGetN(prhs[0]);
/**/
if (!mxIsDouble(prhs[0]) || mxIsSparse(prhs[0]) ||mxIsComplex(prhs[0])||
! (m==1&&n==1))
{
mexErrMsgTxt("Input argument must be a scalar.");
}
/**/
plhs[0]=mxCreateDoubleMatrix(m,n,mxREAL);
y = mxGetPr(plhs[0]);
x = mxGetPr(prhs[0]);
/**/
Ex0801(y,x);
}
MATLAB
MEX
mex Ex0801.cpp
>> y=Ex0801(2)
y=
0.2500
cpp C++ Ex0801.dll Ex0801.dll
M
MATLAB Ex0801.dll
Ex0801.M
%function y=Ex0801(x)
%
% y=1/(x^2)
% copyright @ 2003-10-10
MATLAB help M
>> help Ex0801
function y=Ex0801(x)
y=1/(x^2)
copyright @ 2003-10-10
8.1.2 MATLAB MEX EXE

1. MEX EXE
MEX MATLAB EXE MATLAB
2.
MEX 8.1 MATLAB Compiler
EXE
8.1 MATLAB
3. M C MEX
MATLAB M MEX mcc x
8.2 MATLAB M
MATLAB / Ex0802.m
function Ex0802
% Ex0802
x=0:0.1:2*pi;
y=sin(x);
plot(x,y)
MATLAB M MEX
>> mcc -x Ex0802
>> Ex0802
% Ex0802.dll
% Ex0802.dll
Ex0802.dll dll
Ex0802.cEx0802.h Ex0802_mex.c
Ex0802.m M mcc
>> mcc -x Ex0802

???
Error:
Cannot
create
MEX
File
"Ex0802"
Documents\CAOYi\BookMATLAB\20031008\exe\Ex0802.dll".
Error in ==> D:\MATLAB6p1\toolbox\compiler\mcc.dll
from
MEX
File
"C:\My
4. EXE
8.3 mbuild C EXE
matlab\extern\examples\cmathex1.c EXE
matlab\extern\examples\cmath mbuild
LCC Microsoft Visual C/C++ MATLAB
>> mbuild ex1.c

Please choose your compiler for building standalone MATLAB applications:
Would you like mbuild to locate installed compilers [y]/n? y
Select a compiler:
[1] Lcc C version 2.4 in D:\MATLAB6P1\sys\lcc
[2] Microsoft Visual C/C++ version 6.0 in D:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio
[0] None
Compiler: 2
mbuild -setup
(1) mbuild C EXE
8.3 mbuild C EXE
mbuild ex1.c
>> mbuild ex1.c
ex1.exe MATLAB
bin
(2) mcc M EXE
8.4 mcc 8.2 M EXE
>> mcc -B sglcpp Ex0802.m
% C++
MCC mbuild-cmcc -mc

mcc -pc
8.2
8.2.1
1.
fid = fopen(filename,permission)
%
[fid,message] = fopen(filename,permission)
%
fid (File Identifier)-1
message
filename MATLAB
permission
'r'
'r+'
'w'
'w+'
'a'
'a+'
fopen permission
t permission b'wb'
'rb+'
2.
status=fclose(fid)
%
status=fclose('all')
%
status 0-1
fid
8.5
Ex0805.txt MATLAB
type Ex0805.txt
a 1 2 3
b 4 5 6
fopen fclose
[fid,message]=fopen('Ex0805.txt','w+')
fid =
3
message =
''
if fid==-1
disp('')
else
disp('')
end
status=fclose(fid)
status =
0
8.2.2
1. fscanf
fscanf
[a,count]=fscanf(fid,format,size)
%
fid format
%
%c%d%e%f%g%i%o%s%u%x ( C )count
a size
size
n n
inf
[m,n] mn
0
8.5 Ex0805.txt
fid=fopen('Ex0805.txt')
fid =
3
a1=fscanf(fid,'%s',4)
a1 =
a123
fclose(fid)
ans =
2. fprintf
fprintf
count=fprintf(fid,format,a,)
%
fid a a fid
format fscanf %E%G%X
-()+()0()count
8.6 Ex0805.txt
a='%This is a example.';
fid=fopen('Ex0805.txt','a+')
% Ex0803.txt
fid =
3
fprintf(fid,'%s',a)
% a
ans =
19
fclose(fid)
ans =
0
fid=fopen('Ex0805.txt','r')
% Ex0803.txt
fid =
3
fscanf(fid,'%s')
ans =
a123b456%Thisisaexample.%Thisisaexample.%Thisisaexample.%Thisisae
xample.
fclose(fid)
ans =
0
3. fgetl fgets
fgetl fgets fgetl fgets
tline=fgetl(fid)
%
tline=fgets(fid)
%
tline=fgets(fid,nchar)
%
fid tline -1nchar
8.6 Ex0805.txt
fid=fopen('Ex0805.txt','r') ;
% Ex0803.txt
fgetl(fid)
%
ans =
a 1 2 3
fgets(fid)
ans =
b 4 5 6
fgets(fid,10)
% 10
ans =
%This is a
fgets(fid,10)
ans =
example.%
8.2.3
fread
[a,count]=fread(fid,size,precision,skip)
%
fid size fscanf precision
'uchar''schar''int8''int16''int32''int64''unit8''unit16'
'unit32''unit64''single''float32''double''float64'a count
skip
2.
fwrite
count=fwrite(fid,a,precision,skip)
%
fid a precision skip fread count
8.7 MAT
x1=1:10;
[fid,message]=fopen('Ex0805.mat','a')
%
fid =
4
message =
''
count1=fwrite(fid,x1)
count1 =
10
x2=11:15;
count2=fwrite(fid,x2)
count2 =
5
status=fclose(fid);
fid=fopen('Ex0805.mat','r');
a1=fread(fid,[2,5])
%
%
a1 =
1
10
a2=fread(fid,[1,5])
a2 =
1
fclose(fid);
8.2.4
1. fseek
fseek
status=fseek(fid,offset,origin)
%
fid offset offset >0
0 status 0-1origin
'bof' -1
'cof' 0
'eof' 1
2. ftell
ftell

pos=ftell(fid)
pos
3. frewind
frewind
frewind(fid)
4. feof
feof 1 0
feof(fid)
8.8 mat Ex0808_1.mat 110
Ex0808_2.mat 123
Ex0808.m
% Ex0808
x=1:10;
s=0;
fid1=fopen('Ex0808_1.mat','w+')
fwrite(fid1,x);
frewind(fid1);
while feof(fid1)==0
a1=fread(fid1,1)
if isempty(a1)==0
s=a1+s
end
end
fclose(fid1);
y=[1 2 3];
fid2=fopen('Ex0808_2.mat','w+')
fwrite(fid2,y)
fseek(fid2,-2,'eof')
a2=fread(fid2,1)
s=s*a2
fclose(fid2);
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
s=
110

while
feof 0
isempty
feof 1
fseek(fid2,-2,'eof') 2
8.3
MATLAB
.fig
tifbmpjpg
FileExport
Export
8.2
8.4 Notebook
8.2 Export
8.4.1 Notebook
MATLAB 6.5 Notebook
(1) MATLAB MATLAB
(2) notebook -setup
>> notebook -setup

Welcome to the utility for setting up the MATLAB Notebook
for interfacing MATLAB to Microsoft Word
Choose your version of Microsoft Word:
[1] Microsoft Word 97
[2] Microsoft Word 2000
[3] Microsoft Word 2002 (XP)
[4] Exit, making no changes
Microsoft Word Version:
(3) Word 2
Notebook
Notebook setup is complete.
winword.exenormal.exe
8.4.2 Notebook
1. M-book
(1) Word Notebook

M-book
Word m-book.dot
8.3 Word2000
The MATLAB Notebook v1.doc
8.3 word
(2) MATLAB Notebook

MATLAB notebook Notebook
notebook
% M-book
notebook FileName
% M-book
FileName
M-book
>> notebook 'C:\My Documents\MyMbook0801.doc'
2. M-book
M-book Word NotebookNotebook 8.4
8.4 Notebook
8.1
8.1 Notebook
Define Input Cell
Alt+I
Define AutoInit Cell
Alt+A
Define Calc Zone
Alt+Z
Undefine Cells
Alt+U
Purge Output Cells
Alt+P
Group Cells
Alt+G
Ungroup Cells
Alt+p
Hide/Show Cell Markers
Alt+C
Toggle Graph Output for cell
Evaluate Cell
Ctrl+Enter
Evaluate Calc Zone
Alt+Enter
Evaluate M-book
Alt+M
M-book
Evaluate Loop
Alt+L
Bring MATLAB to front
MATLAB
Notebook Options
Alt+O
8.4.3 Notebook
Notebook MATLAB AutoInitCalcError
InputNographOutput Word Notebook
8.2
8.2 M-book
Input
10 (points) Courier New
Output
()
AutoInit
Error
1.
(1)
MATLAB
Alt-DNotebookDefine Input Cell
8.9 M-book ( M-book )
x=1:0.1:3;
x=1:0.1:3;Alt-D
x=1:0.1:3;
(2)
MATLAB
Ctrl-EnterNotebookEvaluate Cell
8.9
MATLAB
y=sin(x)
y=sin(x)Ctrl-Enter
y=sin(x)
y =
Columns 1 through 7
0.8415
0.8912
0.9320
0.9917
0.9738
0.9463
0.6755
0.5985
0.5155
0.9636
0.9854
0.9975
0.9996
0.9093
0.8632
0.8085
0.7457
0.4274
0.3350
0.2392
0.1411
x MATLAB M-book MATLAB

y=sin(x)
2.
MATLAB
NotebookDefine AutoInit Cell MATLAB
AutoInit
3.
(1) MATLAB NotebookDefine

Input CellNotebookDefine AutoInit Cell
(2) Notebook
Group Cells
8.9
M-book
x=1:0.1:3;
y=sin(x)
plot(x,y)
NotebookGroup Cells
x=1:0.1:3;
y=sin(x)
plot(x,y)
4.
MATLAB
8.9
Ctrl-Enter
y []
x=1:0.1:3;
y=sin(x)
plot(x,y)
y =
Columns 1 through 7
0.8415
0.8912
0.9320
0.9636
0.9917
0.9738
0.9463
0.9093
0.5985
0.5155
0.4274
0.6755
0.9854
0.8632
0.3350
0.9975
0.8085
0.2392
0.9996
0.7457
0.1411
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.2
2.4
2.6
2.8
5.
8.10
Word NotebookDefine Calc Zone
NotebookDefine
Input CellNotebook
Evaluate Calc Zone
[]
1. Ifelseend
Ifelseend
x=100*rand(1);
if x>=90
score=''
elseif x>=80
score=''
elseif x>=70
score=''
elseif x>=60
score=''
else
score=''
end
score =
6.
NotebookUndefine Cells
Alt-UNormal
8.4.4 Notebook MATLAB

1.
clear
2. M-book
NotebookEvaluate M-book M-book
MATLAB
3.
NotebookNotebook Options 8.5
(1)
8.5 Numeric Format 8
Short
LongHexBankPlusShorteRational
(2)
8.5 LooseCompact
(3)
Embed Figures in M-book
M-book
(4)
8.5 Figure Options
8.5 Notebook Options
UnitsWidthHeightUnits
InchesCentimeters Points
(5)
(6)
Word /
/
Notebook OptionsEmbed Figures in M-book
OK
MATLAB
8.11 peaks
NotebookNotebook OptionsWidthHeight
2Evaluate M-book M-book
peaks [x,y,z]=peaks;
mesh(x,y,z)
4.
Notebook
Notebook
Evaluate Loop 8.6
5. M-book
NotebookPurge
Selected output Cells
8.6

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1 MATLAB 6.5 ...........................................................................................................

4.3 MATLAB ............................................................................................ 130

5.4.2 M ................................................................................................. 171

7.3 .................................................................................................................... 226

MATLAB(Matrix Laborator) MathWorks

MATLIB MATLIB 6.5

MATLAB6.5 MATLAB (MATLAB

1.1 MATLAB 6.5

Close Command History

Save Workspace as...

Undock Command Window

The MathWorks Web Site

MATLAB File Exchange

MATLAB File Exchange

MATLAB Newsgroup Access

MATLAB Newsgroup Access

Check for Updates

Technical Support Knowledge Base

z ViewUndock Command Window

format short format short e

format long format long e

3. (Current Directory Browser)

MAT Import Data

>> load Filename1

1.15 c=[1 2;3 4;5 6]Array Editor

1.19 Help Navigator()

1.4 MATLAB 6.5

Add FolderAdd with Subfolders

which M MEX Simulink

>> which abs.m

d(Array Editor) 1.23

(Command History) 1.24

(Current Directory Browser)c:\MyDir

-25.672.56e-56( 2.5610-56)4.68e204( 4.6810204)

(2) linspace logspace

??? Index exceeds matrix dimensions.

a=[1 2;3 4;5 6]

a=[1 2 0;3 4 0;5 6 9]

a=[1 2 0;3 4 0;5 6 9]

Grand total is 23 elements using 46 bytes

(3) str2matstrvcat char

Grand total is 186 elements using 350 bytes

singular or badly scaled.

inaccurate. RCOND = 1.541976e-018.

x1=[1 2;3 4;5 6];

??? Error using ==> *

A=[2 -1 3;3 1 -5;4 -1 1]

Warning: Divide by zero.

<<=>>= = =() ~=()

(2) oneszerosrand randn

c=sparse([1 4 2 4 3 4],[1 1 2 2 3 3],[1 -5 1 -2 1 -3])

p2=x2-5x-2 s 5.3723 -0.3723 s

s(s + 1)(s + 20)

p4(x)= 3x2+42x+20 p1(x)= x3+21x2+20x

32.0000 -147.2000 181.6000

Grand total is 49 elements using 524 bytes

B(1,3)={[1 2;3 4; 5 6]}

ps ps(1) ps(2)namecolor position

S(i,j)=C(i,j)/ C (i, i)C ( j, j )

2.26 y = e 0.2 sin(t) t [0 10] y y

??? Undefined function or variable 'a'.

312 sym object

312 sym object

Grand total is 25 elements using 642 bytes

z = 3(1-x).^2.exp(-(x.^2) - (y+1).^2) ...

zz=3(1-xx).^2.exp(-(xx.^2) - (yy+1).^2) ...