Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Flow rate Bed width Depth of water Full supply level Side slopes Manning n for concrete
High flood discharge High flood level High flood depth General ground level
Bed width of canal = 20 m Let the canal to be flumed to 10 m. Provide 2:1 splay in contraction and 3:1 in expansion. Length of contraction transition Length of expansion transition
20 10 2 10 m 2
20 10 3 15 m 2
In the transitions, the side slopes of the section will be warped from 1 : 1 to vertical. 1
Q 30 0.899 m s A 33.375
30 2m s 10 1.5 22 0.204 m Velocity head 2 9.81 Loss of head in expansion from section (3)-(3) to sec (4)-(4) 0.3 22 0.8992 0.049 m 19.62
Velocity
From section - to section -, area and velocity are constant A 15 R 1.154 m P 10 2 1.5 1 Velocity in the trough R 2/3S 1/2 n 1 2/3 2.0 1.154 S 1/2 0.016 S 0.00084 Headloss due to friction in the trough 74.5 0.00084 0.063m At section - R.L. of T.E.L. R.L. of water surface R.L. of bed At section - 2 = 251.59+0.063= 251.653 m = 251.653-0.204= 251.449 m = 251.449-1.5= 249.949 m Take 249.96 m
Loss of head in contraction transition from section - to sec - 0.2 22 0.8992 0.033 m 19.62 R.L. of T.E.L. R.L. of water surface R.L. of bed = 251.653+0.033= 251.686 m = 251.686-0.041= 251.645 m = 251.645-1.5= 250.145 m Take 250.16 m
Figure 1: Bed levels, water surface elevations, and T.E.L. elevations at different sections of the structure. All dimensions are in meters. Drawing is NOT to scale.
a. Expansion transition Mitras formula is: Bc B f L Bx L Bc Bc B f x where Bf= 10 m, Bc= 20 m and L=15 m 20 10 15 3000 Bx 15 20 20 10 x 300 10x 3
For different values of x x (m) 0 3 6 9 12 15 Bx (m) 10.0 11.1 12.5 14.3 16.67 20.0
b. Contraction transition Bf= 10 m, Bc= 20 m and L=10 m 2000 Bx 200 10x x (m) 0 2 4 6 8 10 Bx (m) 10.0 11.1 12.5 14.3 16.67 20.0
To economize the construction cost of the road, the trough may be divided into two equal compartments each 4.8 m wide by providing an intermediate wall 0.4 m thick. The road shall be carried on the top of the left compartment. Check if the reduction of the waterway to 9.6 m instead of 10 m will do any change. Provide a freeboard of 0.75 m above the normal water depth of 1.5 m. so that, the slab should be 1.5+0.75= 2.25 m above bed level of trough. The trough body should be constructed in reinforced concrete. For full design details see Fig. 9.20.