The 8 parts of speech that are used to describe English words are:

Nouns Verbs Adjectives Adverbs Pronouns Prepositions Conjunctions Articles

Noun
Anger Beauty Craziness Danger Ease Familiarity Guilt Happiness Intelligence Juice Kindness Luck Misery Nature Offence Pain Question Romance Strength Truth Ugliness Violence

Adjective
Angry Beautiful Crazy Dangerous Easy Familiar Guilty Happy Intelligent Juicy Kind Lucky Miserable Natural Offensive Painful Questionable Romantic Strong True Ugly Violent

Warmth Youth Zeal

Warm Young Zealous

Link: Which sentences have mistakes -3?

There's no need to get ___ with me. 1. anger 2. angry

There is a ___ of him losing his job. 1. dangerous 2. danger

He completed the exam with ___. 1. easy 2. ease

If you didn't do it, why do you look so ___? 1. guilty 2. guilt

I put the ___ of my family above all other things. 1. happiness 2. happy

She's the most ___ person I have ever met. 1. intelligent 2. intelligence

 To have ___ is important when you gamble. 1. lucky 2. luck

It was nice to see the animals in their ___ environment. 1. nature 2. natural

I have a ___ in my shoulder. 1. painful 2. pain

Not everything you read in the newspaper is ___. 1. true 2. truth

Pronouns:A pronoun is a word that takes the place of a noun. example: John is a mail carrier. John carries a blue bag. To make the second sentence sound better, you can change the word John to he. new sentence: John is a mail carrier. He carries a blue bag. The word he is a pronoun that takes the place of the word John. Some common pronouns include: I, you, he, she, it, we, they, you, him, her, them, it, u

Verbs: Verbs are important is any language because it is impossible without them to make proper sentence. Verbs usually tell us about what a person is doing. In other words the describe an action E.g. The young boy ate his lunch.

The girl bought a new dress. Sometimes the verb is two part or more. E.g. The old man is singing a song

He has been trying. There are one or two verbs that do not say what people are doing. They describe what they are or the state they are in. The most common of these is the verb to be which has the following parts: be, am, are, is, was, were, being, been.

Examples: The verb to to be is used with a lot of adjectives which describe the state: E.g. He was sad. She is pretty. They are old. He has been sick.

A singular subject takes a plural verb. E.g. He reads magazines.

He Singular subject, reads Plural verb

A plural subject takes a singular verb.

 E.g.

We dance

We Plural subject, dance Singular verb

You is and exception to this rule. You in spite of being a singular subject take a singular verb. E.g. You talk too much.

You Singular subject, talk Singular verb

Adverbs: Just as we have adjectives that describe a noun or tell us more about a noun. There are words called ADVERBS that tell us how an action is performed. In other words ADVERBS tells us more about a verb. E.g. Ram dances (verb)

Ram is dancing happily (dancing verb, how is Ram dancing? happily adverb.) Adverbs not only tell us how an action is performed but also where and when an action is performed. E.g. He arrived today. (arrived verb; when did he arrive today adverb.)

Remember An adverb is a word that tells us how, when or where an action of a verb took place.

In English an Adjective is usually placed before the noun it is describing, Adverbs are generally placed after the verb. E.g. Ram is a good boy (noun)..good - adjective

Ram is dancing happily (adverb)dancing verb

Articles:a, an and the are the three articles used in English language. a and an are called indefinite Articles and the is called the definite article.

a and an are used in the sense of one. The indefinite Article a is used before words beginning with consonants or consonantal sound. The indefinite Article an is used before words beginning with vowels or vowel sound.

Eg. : Ragu ate a banana. The young boy saw a tiger. The Principal declared a holiday for the college tomorrow.

In all the above three examples the article a was used in the sense of one.

Sita ate an apple in the morning. Ravi saw an elephant in the circus. An old man was walking across the street. Eating an orange everyday is also good for health. Raghu lost an umbrella in class. Gita wanted an ink-stand.

In all the above three examples the article an was used in the sense of one.

Here it has to be emphasized that students should be careful in noticing the vowel sound. In certain cases the word may begin with a vowel but it may have a consonantal sound. In such a case the indefinite article a should be used.

Eg. : He gave the beggar a one-rupee coin.

 I met a European in Karol-Bagh. Screwdriver is a useful instrument. This is a University.

Similarly, in other cases the word may begin with a consonant but it may have a vowel sound. In such a case the indefinite article an should be used.

Eg. : He is an honest officer. There are 60 minutes in an hour. He is an heir to crores of property.

The definite article the is used before the names of rivers, mountain ranges and things which are unique in the world.

Eg. :

The Ganges is a polluted river now. The Yamuna flows through Delhi. The Himalayas are the highest mountain ranges in the world. The Sun rises in the east. The Moon has a cycle of one month.

The definite article the is used before superlatives.

Eg. :

Kumar is the cleverest boy in the class. Geeta is the tallest girl in the class. Cheeta is the fastest animal.

The definite article the is used to refer to a particular person or thing.

Eg. :

The patient who was admitted in the hospital yesterday, died today morning. The apple which was kept on the table is rotten. The computer we bought last month is infected by virus.

The definite article the is used before Holy books.

The Ramayana, The Mahabharta The Quran, The Bible, The Bhagwatgita

It is also used in comparison :

Eg :

Mumbai is considered the Manchester of India. Kalidasa is the Shakespeare of India.

Auxiliaries:am, is, are, was, were, do, does, did, have, has, had are called Primary Auxiliaries.

Will, shall, would, should, can, could, may, might, ought to, must, need are called Modal Auxiliaries.

The Primary Auxiliaries can be used as helping verbs as well as principal verbs.

The Modal Auxiliaries are always used as helping verbs. In other words they cannot be used as Principal verbs.

Eg., Am I am a software professional. I am working for Wipro.

In the above first sentence am was used as a principal verb and in the second it was used as a helping verb.

Is He is a doctor. He is performing a surgery at the movement.

Are We are students of Hansraj College. We are participating in a football tournament here.

Was Kalidasa was a great poet. Gopal was riding a bi-cycle when he was hit by a scooter.

Were They were my classmates in Dehradun.

 They were going to Goa when their train met with an accident.

Have I have many grammar books at home. I have read all of them. Has He has a laptop with him. He has put it in his briefcase.

Had I had a beautiful pen. I had bought it in 2004.

Do They do their work sincerely. They do not go home before 8 pm.

Does He does his work efficiently. He does not waste even a single minute.

Did She did her job. Did she come to office yesterday?

Modal Auxiliaries:Modal Auxiliaries can only be used as a helping verb.

Will It is used to express intention. It is normally used in future tense. We will go to Jaisalmer next week. They will visit our place in February. Will they accompany you for lunch?

Would It is the past form of will. He would complete his work by this time tomorrow. She would be going for her dance classes from next week. Would you like to have a glass of water?

Shall Shall I take leave tomorrow? Shall we go on a picnic next week? Shall we have coffee in CP?

Should You should pay attention in the class. Should I accompany her to her house? You should drink two glasses of water daily in the morning. May It is used to indicate possibility. I may come to your house tomorrow. It may rain in the evening. Government may hike the price of petrol and diesel. May I borrow your book for a couple of days?

Might It is the past form of may and is used to express less certain situations. I might take a leave tomorrow. Dad might come to office the day after tomorrow. Mid term elections might be announced in mid March.

Tenses
Verb Tense Overview with Examples
Simple Present Simple Past Simple Future If you are having problems, I will help you study English. I am going to study English next year. Present Continuous Past Continuous Future Continuous I will be studying English when you arrive tonight. I am studying English now. I was studying English when you called yesterday. I am going to be studying English when you arrive tonight. Future Perfect I will have studied every tense by the time I finish this course. I am going to have studied every tense by the time I finish this course. Future Perfect Continuous

I study English every day.

Two years ago, I studied English in England.

Present Perfect

Past Perfect

I have studied English in several different countries.

I had studied a little English before I moved to the U.S.

Present Perfect Continuous

Past Perfect Continuous

I have been studying English for five years.

I had been studying English for five years before I moved to the U.S.

I will have been studying English for over two hours by the time you arrive. I am going to have been studying English for over two hours by the time you arrive.

Active & Passive Voice:The most famous sentence, most of us are familiar is:

Ram killed Ravana. - Active Voice Ravana was killed by Ram. - Passive Voice

Here the first sentence is said to be in Active Voice and the second sentence in Passive Voice.

A sentence is said to be in Active Voice when the subject does something. Similarly, a sentence is said to be in Passive Voice when something is done to the subject.

In the above sentence Ram is the subject and Ravana is the object. In the active voice sentence Ram i.e., the subject has killed the object Ravana. In the second sentence Ravana is the subject but he allowed himself to be killed by subject Ram. Here the subject is Passive. Therefore, it is called Passive voice.

Eg. :

Raghu kicked the ball.

In this sentence Raghu is the subject and ball is the ' object'. The word kicked is the verb.

Here it must be noted that:

I becomes me in Passive voice We becomes us You remains you He becomes him She becomes her It remains it They becomes them. Here also the active voice and passive voice are expressed in different tenses.

I) Present Tense:a) Simple Present

I watch movies every week. Active Voice Passive Voice Movies are watched by me every week. -

We watch movies every week. Movies are watched by us every week.

You watch movies every week.

Movies are watched by you every week.

He watches movies every week. Movies are watched by him every week.

She watches movies every week. Movies are watched by her every week.

It watches movies every week. Movies are watched by it every week.

They watch movies every week. Movies are watched by them every week.

b) Present Continuous
I am watching a movie now. A movie is being watched by me now.

We are watching a movie now. A movie is being watched by us now.

You are watching a movie now. A movie is being watched by you now.

He is watching a movie now. A movie is being watched by him now.

She is watching a movie now. A movie is being watched by her now.

It is watching a movie now. A movie is being watched by it now.

They are watching a movie now. A movie is being watched by them now.

c) Present Perfect
I have watched a movie today. A movie has been watched by me today.

We have watched a movie today. A movie has been watched by us today.

You have watched a movie today. A movie has been watched by you today.

He has watched a movie today. A movie has been watched by him today.

She has watched a movie today. A movie has been watched by her today.

It has watched a movie today. A movie has been watched by it today.

They have watched a movie today. A movie has been watched by them today.

d) Present Perfect Continuous

Normally ideas are not expressed in Passive Voice in this tense. Therefore it is better to avoid attempting a Passive Voice in any Perfect Continuous Tense.

II) Past Tense:a) Simple Past

I watched a movie yesterday. A movie was watched by me yesterday.

We watched a movie yesterday. A movie was watched by us yesterday.

You watched a movie yesterday. A movie was watched by you yesterday.

He watched a movie yesterday. A movie was watched by him yesterday.

She watched a movie yesterday. A movie was watched by you yesterday.

It watched a movie yesterday. A movie was watched by it yesterday.

They watched a movie yesterday. A movie was watched by them yesterday.

b) Past Continuous
I was watching a movie yesterday. A movie was being watched by me yesterday.

We were watching a movie yesterday. A movie was being watched by me yesterday.

You were watching a movie yesterday. A movie was being watched by you yesterday.

He was watching a movie yesterday. A movie was being watched by him yesterday.

She was watching a movie yesterday. A movie was being watched by her yesterday.

It was watching a movie yesterday. A movie was being watched by it yesterday.

They were watching a movie yesterday. A movie was being watched by them yesterday.

c) Past Perfect
I had watched a movie three years ago. A movie had been watched by me three years ago.

We had watched a movie three years ago. A movie had been watched by us three years ago.

You had watched a movie three years ago. A movie had been watched by me three years ago.

He had watched a movie three years ago. A movie had been watched by him three years ago.

She had watched a movie three years ago. A movie had been watched by her three years ago.

It had watched a movie three years ago. A movie had been watched by it three years ago.

They had watched a movie three years ago. A movie had been watched by them three years ago.

d) Past Perfect Continuous

As we indicated earlier, ideas are normally not expressed in Passive Voice in this tense. Therefore it is better to avoid attempting a Passive Voice in any Perfect Continuous Tense.

III) Future Tense:a) Simple Future

I will watch a movie tomorrow. A movie will be watched by me tomorrow.

We will watch a movie tomorrow. A movie will be watched by us tomorrow.

You will watch a movie tomorrow. A movie will be watched by you tomorrow.

He will watch a movie tomorrow.

A movie will be watched by him tomorrow.

She will watch a movie tomorrow. A movie will be watched by her tomorrow.

It will watch a movie tomorrow. A movie will be watched by it tomorrow.

They will watch a movie tomorrow. A movie will be watched by them tomorrow.

b) Future Continuous
I will be watching a movie at this time tomorrow. A movie will be being watched by me at this time tomorrow.

We will be watching a movie at this time tomorrow. A movie will be being watched by us at this time tomorrow.

You will be watching a movie at this time tomorrow. A movie will be being watched by you at this time tomorrow.

He will be watching a movie at this time tomorrow. A movie will be being watched by him at this time tomorrow.

She will be watching a movie at this time tomorrow.

A movie will be being watched by her at this time tomorrow.

It will be watching a movie at this time tomorrow. A movie will be being watched by it at this time tomorrow.

They will be watching a movie at this time tomorrow. A movie will be being watched by them at this time tomorrow.

c) Future Perfect
I will have watched a movie by 6 pm tomorrow. A movie will have been watched by me by 6 pm tomorrow.

We will have watched a movie by 6 pm tomorrow. A movie will have been watched by us by 6 pm tomorrow.

You will have watched a movie by 6 pm tomorrow. A movie will have been watched by you by 6 pm tomorrow.

He will have watched a movie by 6 pm tomorrow. A movie will have been watched by him by 6 pm tomorrow.

She will have watched a movie by 6 pm tomorrow. A movie will have been watched by her by 6 pm tomorrow.

It will have watched a movie by 6 pm tomorrow.

A movie will have been watched by it by 6 pm tomorrow.

They will have watched a movie by 6 pm tomorrow. A movie will have been watched by them by 6 pm tomorrow.

d) Future Perfect Continuous

Normally ideas are not expressed in Passive Voice in this tense. Therefore it is better to avoid attempting a Passive Voice in any Perfect Continuous Tense.

All sentences cannot be made into Passive Voice. Only the sentences with an object in them can be made into Passive Voice. All verbs are not transitive. A verb which takes an object is said to be a Transitive Verb and a Verb which does not take an object is said to be Intransitive.

For Example, the following sentence cannot be converted into Passive Voice for the simple reason that the verb go does not take an object.

I go for a walk everyday.

In the above sentence the verb go is an Intransitive Verb. Such sentences which do not have an object cannot be converted into Passive Voice.

More examples of sentences with Intransitive Verbs:

Raju jumped 10 feet. David ran fast. Sita drove rashly