Modal analysis and experimental validation

XF LR 5

Revision 0.1 Copyright A. Deperrois - February 2011

Context and objective

The purpose of the following experiments is to compare the measured frequency of the slow periodic modes to those calculated with AVL or XFLR5:
phugoid Dutch roll

Revision 0.1 Copyright A. Deperrois - February 2011

First experiment : F3J type sailplane, January 2011

The fuselage has been specifically designed for a large tail volume

Revision 0.1 Copyright A. Deperrois - February 2011

Sailplane data
Name : PAMEPUMA, design and make Marc Pujol Span : 3.150 m Wing area: 0.605 m Mean Aerodynamic Chord: 202 mm Airfoils
Wing : Elevator: Fin: HN 1036 HT 14 at root, HT12 at tip HT 14 at root, HT12 at tip

Mass : 2.1 kg CG position : 90 mm from wing leading edge Inertia tensor, estimated using XFLR5 calculation form
Ixx Iyy Izz Ixy = = = = 0,565 0,161 0,723 Ixz = kg.m kg.m kg.m Iyz = 0,0 kg.m

Revision 0.1 Copyright A. Deperrois - February 2011

Calculations
All the calculations have been performed prior to the experiment Results with AVL and XFLR5 are close The files for the calculations can be downloaded from http://www.xflr5.com/docs/PM_Analysis.zip

Revision 0.1 Copyright A. Deperrois - February 2011

AVL model
--------------------------------------------------------------Vortex Lattice Output -- Total Forces Sref = 0.60508 Xref = 0.90048E-01 Cref = 0.20200 Yref = 0.19467E-07 Bref = 3.1500 Zref = 0.87358E-02

Run case: ZeroPitchingMoment Alpha = Beta = Mach = CXtot = CYtot = CZtot = CLtot CDtot CDvis CLff CYff = = = = = -1.00454 0.00000 0.000 -0.00770 0.00000 -0.32413 0.32421 0.00202 0.00000 0.32398 0.00000 pb/2V = qc/2V = rb/2V = Cltot = Cmtot = Cntot = 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 p'b/2V = r'b/2V = Cl'tot = Cn'tot = 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000

CDind = CDff = e =

0.00202 0.00147 1.3893

| Trefftz | Plane

Pitched balanced conditions are achieved for = -1.0

Stability-axis derivatives... alpha ---------------CLa = 5.888990 CYa = 0.000001 Cla = 0.000000 Cma = -1.229251 Cna = 0.000000 roll rate p' ---------------CLp = 0.000000 CYp = -0.112617 Clp = -0.640904 Cmp = 0.000001 Cnp = -0.033869 beta ---------------CLb = 0.000001 CYb = -0.243049 Clb = -0.093149 Cmb = -0.000003 Cnb = 0.079325 pitch rate q' ---------------CLq = 9.351773 CYq = 0.000001 Clq = -0.000002 Cmq = -23.403563 Cnq = 0.000000 yaw rate r' ---------------CLr = 0.000000 CYr = 0.197400 Clr = 0.095053 Cmr = 0.000002 Cnr = -0.066497

z' y x' y z'

force force mom. mom. mom.

CL | CY | Cl'| Cm | Cn'|

Calculated balanced CL = 0.324

V Inf =

2 mg =13 .1 m/ s SC L

z' y x' y z'

force force mom. mom. mom.

CL | CY | Cl'| Cm | Cn'|

Revision 0.1 Copyright A. Deperrois - February 2011

AVL Modal results

# MEPA5 longlight 2 # # Run case Eigenvalue 1 -24.460022 1 -1.4002885 1 -1.4002885 1 -13.334693 1 -13.334693 1 0.30454164E-01 1 -0.41586193E-02 1 -0.41586193E-02 Mode Roll Damping Dutch Roll Dutch Roll Short period Short period Spiral Phugoid Phugoid Period (s) 1.34 1.34 0.73 0.73 10.00 10.00

0.0000000 4.7057629 -4.7057629 8.6277199 -8.6277199 0.0000000 0.62859261 -0.62859261

Revision 0.1 Copyright A. Deperrois - February 2011

XFLR5 model
Performance data Pamepuma LongLight Xcg=90mm T7-VLM2 QInf = 13.917588 m/s Alpha = -0.988373 Beta = 0.000 Phi = 0.000 Ctrl = 0.000 CL = 0.287659 Cy = 0.000011 Cd = 0.013552 ICd PCd = 0.012039 Cl = 2.6127e-07 Cm = 0.00117585 ICn = -0.000003 PCn XCP = 0.091743 YCP XNP = 0.131675 Bend. = 7.147979

0.001513

Stability derivatives CLa CLq Cma Cmq CYb CYp CYr Clb Clp Clr Cnb Cnp Cnr = = = = = = = = = = = = = 5.879468 8.653236 -1.168585 -23.365110 -0.244012 -0.136409 0.194332 -0.087490 -0.638573 0.085139 0.078925 -0.042402 -0.063063

= =

-0.000003 0.000002

To save computations, XFLR5 determines the a.o.a. such that the induced pitching moment from pressure forces = ICm =0 Cm, which includes in addition the moment from the viscous drag is not quite zero. The difference is in the second order of magnitude
Revision 0.1 Copyright A. Deperrois - February 2011

Trimmed conditions
The pitch-balanced conditions are achieved for =-0.99 The speed in pitchbalanced conditions is V=13.9 m/s

Revision 0.1 Copyright A. Deperrois - February 2011

The balanced a.o.a., speed, and glide ratio are very sensitive to the slope of the curve ICm=f(), and therefore to CoG position

XFLR5 Modal results

Short period Phugoid -14.82+/-9.444i -0.0306+/0.5765i Period (s) 0.67 10.9

Spiral Roll damping Dutch roll 0.01511 +0i -28.88 +0i -1.455+/-5.039i

Period (s) / / 1.25

Revision 0.1 Copyright A. Deperrois - February 2011

The experiment : January 9th, 2011 @ Le Coudray-Montceaux

Marc (left) and Andr (right) checking the measurement system

Revision 0.1 Copyright A. Deperrois - February 2011

The measurement system

Xerivision system from http://www.xerivision.com/ "Measurement, recording, telemetry, HUD for RC modelers" Available data
Accelerometers in X, Y, Z directions Speed sensor with Pitot tube Altimeter GPS Sideslip using a "flap" device

Sampling : 5 Hz

Revision 0.1 Copyright A. Deperrois - February 2011

The flight : January 9th, 2011 @ Le Coudray-Montceaux

Phugoid m easurem ents Climb 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 seconds 0 0.0 -20 200.0 400.0 600.0 800.0 1000.0 1200.0 1st phase 2nd phase 3rd phase Dutch Roll measurement Altitude (m )

Revision 0.1 Copyright A. Deperrois - February 2011

Average speed and phugoid frequency measurement

35 Vx (m /s) 30

25

2 oscillations in 22 seconds

20

15

Average speed : 13 m/s

10

0 559.0

564.0

569.0

574.0

579.0

584.0

589.0

594.0

599.0

604.0

Average speed is ~13 m/s Phugoid period is ~11 s

Revision 0.1 Copyright A. Deperrois - February 2011

Dutch roll frequency measurement

30000 29000 28000 27000 26000 ( x 1000) 25000 24000 23000 22000 21000 20000 870.0 Yaw Phase of repeated rudder input to excite the Dutch roll mode. Apparently the flag could rotate only in one direction, due to some hard point in the bearing

1,4s 1,2s

1,0 s

1,2s

1,2s

1,0s

Average = 1,13s
875.0 880.0 885.0 890.0 Seconds 895.0 900.0 905.0 910.0

Dutch roll period ~ 1.13 s

Revision 0.1 Copyright A. Deperrois - February 2011

Comparison
Measurement Trimmed speed (m/s) Phugoid period (s) Dutch Roll period (s) 13 11 1.1 AVL 13.1 10 1.34 XFLR5 13.9 10.9 1.25

Conclusion All results are close and consistent The differences are well within the error margin of both the measurement and the calculation
Revision 0.1 Copyright A. Deperrois - February 2011

So far, so good !

More measurements to come this year

Revision 0.1 Copyright A. Deperrois - February 2011