UNIT II RATIONALE Nursing students should understand the common stressors that incite an immune response in body systems

or alter glucose metabolism. Knowledge of diabetes and cancers role in the immune response is required. TOPICS A. Nursing Care of Clients with Diabetes ,Type 1 and 2 B. Theories, Diagnosis, and Treatment Interventions of Cancer C. Nursing Care of Clients with cancer of the: Stomach, Liver, Pancreas, Kidneys, Colon, Testicles, and Prostate D. OBJECTIVES Following completion of this topic, the student will be able to: 1. Explain the pathophysiology of Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 and 2. 2. Explain the laboratory tests to aid in monitoring diabetes and its complications 3. Explain the major complications of diabetes mellitus: DKA and HHS, and their treatment. 4. Explain the nursing interventions for hypo- and hyperglycemia. 5. Explain Insulin: types, mechanism of action, onset-peak-duration, and client teaching. 6. Explain: Oral hypoglycemic agents: types, mechanism of action, and client teaching. 7. Explain Basal and Bolus Dosing. 8. Explain to a patient about: self-monitoring blood glucose, self-administration of insulin, foot care, sick-day care, and the prevention/delay of complications. 9. Explain the pathophysiology and treatment of the micro-vascular complications of diabetes mellitus in the eye, kidney and peripheral nerves. 10. Explain the theories of carcinogenesis, known carcinogens and risk factors of cancer. 11. Explain the laboratory and diagnostic tests used to diagnose cancer and monitor therapeutic response. 12. Explain the role of differentiation (grading) and staging in the treatment of cancer. 13. Explain the role, side effects and nursing interventions of chemotherapy treatment. 14. Explain the two types of radiation therapy and their role in the treatment of cancer.

15. Explain the oncologic emergencies of: tumor lysis syndrome, superior vena cave syndrome, pericardial effusion/ tamponade. 16. Explain Hospice care: rationale for it and indications for referral. 17. Explain the pathophysiology, assessment findings, treatments/medications/diet, and nursing interventions of the client with cancer of the : a. Stomach pathophysiology assessment findings treatments medications diet nursing interventions

b. Liver pathophysiology assessment findings treatments medications diet nursing interventions

c. Pancreas pathophysiology assessment findings

treatments medications diet nursing interventions

d. Kidneys pathophysiology assessment findings treatments medications diet nursing interventions

e. Bladder pathophysiology assessment findings treatments medications diet nursing interventions

f.

Colon pathophysiology assessment findings

treatments medications diet nursing interventions

g. Testicles pathophysiology assessment findings treatments medications diet nursing interventions

h. Prostate pathophysiology assessment findings treatments medications diet nursing interventions

ASSIGNMENT Chap Chap Chap Chap Chap 20 pp 520 ff (Diabetes) 14 pp 341 ff (Cancer ) 5 pp 91ff (Hospice) 23 pp 644ff (Ca Stomach) 24 pp 726-733 (Pancreas) Chap Chap Chap Chap Chap Chap

Lemone & Burke 5th ed. 25, 27, 28, 48, 48, 24, pp pp pp pp pp pp 736 ff & 749 ff (Liver) 799 ff (Bladder) 832ff (Kidney) 1657 ff (Testicles) 1666 ff (Prostate) 701 ff (Colon)

Evolve Diabetes

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

CLINICAL OBJECTIVES Use the nursing process to provide care to a client with diabetes and to a client with cancer. Perform blood glucose monitoring for clients with diabetes and relate the findings/insulin coverage to the control of hyperglycemia. Explain the importance of quality improvement for the nurse, patient, organization, and health-care delivery system. Describe how the process of quality improvement works at the unit level. Discuss the role of the nurse in risk management Examine factors contributing to medical errors and evidence-based methods for the prevention of medical errors