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jG LG e ,jQdG dG IQd idG GgG j fCG Y cDj jQS QdG QdG
LG e jgG dG c GfH j h ,YLG dGdGh eGdGh WGdGh
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ddG J d ,ITG WGdG h cQdG WGdG TCG ShG G IYdG k ja f
HdG GQdG gH a ,f bdG h .ITe h H JM hDT IQGOG SdG e dG
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jQS jQdG IQhdG j

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e NCHh) k jCG ,kGAL CG a ,e QGH e ,NGdG ,SCG BG S VQe e
,dG dG VfG IY QfCG e g EG -NCG g Ggh (QG G VQG
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!! G G VH dG EG kGNCG d ,dhdG jG J CGH fc G dG
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T CG H S h ,IMdG QH k q u c dG IOYEG Yj e gh .cCdH ,Nh e cCG
HSCG ,Y H kGKCG J bh ,fd VJ ,YCG dEG QG ,KdG AiOG CG j
d j dG e TC JSQ h dG Mh e dG H S h ! eOdG TCGh
j jdG IdG IYH dG EG ,dG Y ,LM K CH k Y .jQS jQJ e
,eRj S e EG UHh ,jhdG g EG QeCH d BG j f fMW dG
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d f jQG VQG OGYEG EGh ,IQdG Y LQG NdG Wfl e jdG EG ,NCG
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,SG bG Y dG hO e ,dH ,dPh .( gZ hCG cJ hCG ,FGSEG) ShCG T hCG
.dG jQJcdG V ,Y bdG

dfG Gh QdG QdG AH

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s QK Qj Z j k SSCG k S ,jQS ,fh
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UY ,j e ,OQf S ,jQG jQdG IQhdG aG dG jQdG Md fG efH
CG h Gg .IQhdG g Qd k ah ,iNCG UH ,k M ,DhZEG j b fCH k Y ,a SSCG
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bdG hG edG hG dG hG jdG FfG Y dG H ,WGG H edG IGhG
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dM J dG CT e,fG efH M Jfe h ,Ya YLGh SS Ib
YLG IQK EG gGdG SdG WGdG IQdG f eCG jdG a,dM SGh jgL
ec ,jQdG IQhdG ib e KdG ddH ,H Z eR ie ,eT Wh
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Y ,edG jG EG Sb HV LJ iL,1963 dG ,dG EG dG M A e

dhdG Y gcJ iL dG ,QcG d G fGMdG dG e k bfG S h ,aNG
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dG OGh ,ddG Hd dG OG ,V eh ,cG d HdG HdG c M
GOG AfEG eCG G ah ,iNCG GOG FSh ,jQS d dG OGh ,Md
k ah Y jh ,kGM dEG fG j ,ffEG WdGh ,Gh YdG T ,e
.c Cx e g CG e kGH ,edH WGO dB

,ffEG V FGL CG Y a dhDG Sfih ,dG eCG ILCG c M e dP aGj CG

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q h
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Y cCdG e ,Gh dhdG Yh,jdG FdG SQ Mh Y dGh G j dG
GMCG jb a ,QeCG T ,jdG j H ,dhdGh jdG H dG dG dCe
SSCG Y ,IQGOEG hCG ,dhdG be CG t J e I/WGG jh ,e SSG Y ,dG
.dP EG e hCG ,eb hCG ,FW hCG ,jO , CG hO eh ,edG IGhG
IMhh WdG IMh Y G j k e VGh be Ea ,edG bG U Yh
G V EG Yf ,dH jdG YdG G aVEH dh .IFdG gd G dG
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ICGG Qh ,YLG-ObG VdG :kdK

,tJG dG ,jQG GG H ,1963 dG ,jQS ,d dG A c d

Y ,e eCJ SS OYG iL M ,G U Y dPh ,fG Y kGOq Q ,e
,IjG jQdG dG SS kGKCJ J e gh .jUdG d "cGTG" LdG jJ SSCG
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s e ,YGQdG G S N iL c ,UG de
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aGQ ZdG Y ,eG fG e jdG AH Y ,CG SCG M e hCG dG GdG

fEG ie ,dHh ,fG J Yf GKs CG ,c J ASh dG e Oa e dP

,ISa WGbH dd dPh ,QdG dG dG fe e k LEG G c ,Jch
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n hCG
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fb G
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k a ,UN jQe ,dH ,QdG dGh ,k eY
g LCG eSQ XJ Y
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UH ,dG dG Y dH ,dG TdG DG N ,2010VG dG
gh ."YLG dG fb" n u So e OYG Y jdG jG dd ,"cGTG ObG"
dG dG jQe Th ,eG fG IUfi e jd dG G e S
s dG fdG
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k bfG ,fEG Yb e jdG dG dG QM M
w Vho c CG H ,JQGOEGh ,e
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SDdGh QaEG e kGje j e gh .dhdG e hCG ,eG QdG YQGG e AGS ,VQCG
hd hCG ,j M ,FGdG hCG ,bDG AGS,Id hj jdG ,dG AHCG e jG Y
Ik OM YJQG
LGj jdG g ,dG Y k H ,iNG idG G h eO MGV EG
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a ,%19G RhJ fCG SdG GAMEG YJ dH f k jCG LGj c ,k HS Ie
,dG ,n t dG CGSCG H e g Qh ,(%30G Y J fCG dG j) H dP e YCG g
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.k e mBG ,LQNh G dG CG ,(Y Y QdG

EG ,bGdG Gg Y kGOq Q ,jQdG jQdG Mj dG ,dfG fdG G EG

:ddG g
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t OYG -CG
hO e ,k HS G BG e dhdG IOSGh ,edH G bh -
FdG b e G SJ SS e f fd eEG ,Ke IjY Be eCJh ,jJ

hCG ,FdG N HG ,fl eGQ dG ,JjS cT jW Y ,e HGh ,cG

.W jRGLH Y hG ,WdG OLd dH eg YU ha fC
HbQ OYGh ,a SGdG eG QSG H ,dG dG bGh c dG IOYEG -
dG dBG N CG Y jL Sfih ,Xeh dY a Qj ,J Y eQU
SGH ,UG jQGh ,fG ddG HbdG OYG k jCG j CG Y .V dGh
.k WGO G ,jQGh ,BGh fG
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Yh ,YdG T ,dSCGdG HQG Y S h ,NdG Y jYJ jV OYG -h
k a .aNG Y ,GQdH G J a ,HQG TCG Th,UQdG Y
Y
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.d SSCG d dG YdG dhdG eCJ -
.QSCG Y ,G L h ,G ddG HdG HbQ Va -
dG ,H NCG NCG LHh ,JjJh ,YGQdG UEG fGb dG IOYEG -
jJ Ie fc dG J hO e EG YGQdG G S N H ,2010dG
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JQGOEG J ,LP YL QGe EG j Y dGh ,dhdG VGQCG d dG bdG -
on f j GdH g J c ,Je jJ Y Y Jh ,a edG L
:KK k aGWCG hG j G Y ,Ufi H e dG NGG jRJ
G Y ,NO e %70 Y LEG f j G j jdG ,QGG J edG .bG G ,KK EG MGdG ,Seh ,jQGOEGh ,k Y ,ADg NGe H hdG RhJ
,LfEG h jd jQhdG fdG eCJh ,QGG J jd OGh FGdG fEG k a
.dG U Y S h ,SG dG dH g Y
.QGG J NGe e %10G M RhJ CG j dG ,VQCG de dhdG ,QdG MdG bH J HdG g EG e ING GgCG H J CG Y
.YG YGQdG Y ,SGh
VhdGh ,jOTQEG eG V eh ,QdG Md YdG TCG c dhdG J -
NG Gd dhdG AGT EG k Uh ,fEG jJ U Y dG Th ,IgR IFH
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,ddG dG e GTH ,ee H J dG ,QdG YQGG SCd J -
gh ,YGQdH G ,IQdGh dGh dG Y bGe ,QG ee h
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,YdG hdG aC k ah ,d eM SS QWEG ,dG H AGhdG eCJ -S

Y c ,kGQfGh ,k YJGh ,kG ,IQe eM e

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.GQGdG g KCdG h ,SGQdG JH G GQGdG ,jH G JGOGh HGhQ

edGh WdG dCG :kHGQ

ZEG Gg g EG ,HdG GQdG dM hJ dG ,BG EG ,G dG f iMEG EG

dG dG G H ,NCG LH ,dP j ,jQS dM h .edGh WdG d VGdG
Mh ,dP EG eh ,"hG"h ,"fG" QhO M ,cCdH ,HPc YG j ,Y IQdG J
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Y k VGh k fH j g a ,IFdG dG gG Sh dG J ,c hX
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GdGh G QGT e fG EG G IYO eh ,G d FGSEG MG V
G EG - OdG jTh eh X d
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eh ,G FSdG H dPh 2000 dG d M c G e T hCG b
jd iNCG HdG dG a QJ ,T M V jQhdG hdG ASG V
IQdG dHh ,QdG QdG QdG efH SSCG H g G j e EG .feEG e
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JCJ fCG IOHEG YCGh QR e dG d Vj e c ZQ Y jQdG IQdG M M e

jRGe UGe J e dP j e e ,NBG H k ej ,OG J
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:dP eh .HdG QdG HdG AV Y ,IjL
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.jG IQdG ,k f cCG IQdG e S h ,e G YdG TCG c OJh ,YLG
h ,a ,Wh bM ec IOS dfh ,dG dG e edG edG -
jdG jQe c MEGh ;e jJ SQ CG h ,UCG Gbh fe EG IOdG M S
Y ,FGSEG e Jhe bY TCG G ,HdG hdG QLE dGh ,FGSEG ceCG
We eEG gL gh .jdG d GdG J gL J QWEG ,bdG J b
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dG V QT gh G ,SSG Y dGh ,aQ j NBG QT e Zj g S h
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dG EG jQK eM ebEG g efdG Gd gCG OdG MCG Ea ,dP LC
e e ,iNCG MOdG YLG idG e d ,NCG LH ,AGdG MdGh
k a ,gP Yh ,OLh ,Xeh ,QU
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