Elachistocleis Bol+Mus+Nac+Zool Chi 2010

BOLETIM DO MUSEU NACIONAL
NOVA SRIE RIO DE JANEIRO - BRASIL

ISSN 0080-312X
ZOOLOGIA
N 527
o
12 DE AGOSTO DE 2010
NOTES ON THE TAXONOMIC STATUS OF ELACHISTOCLEIS OVALIS (SCHNEIDER, 1799) AND DESCRIPTION OF FIVE NEW SPECIES OF ELACHISTOCLEIS PARKER, 1927 (AMPHIBIA, ANURA, MICROHYLIDAE)1
(With 6 figures) ULISSES CARAMASCHI2
ABSTRACT: The taxonomic position of Elachistocleis ovalis (Schneider, 1799) is discussed and the taxon is considered a nomen dubium, referred to a species inquirenda. Five new species of the genus Elachistocleis are described. Elachistocleis helianneae sp.nov., from Humait (07o35S, 62o40W; 90m altitude), State of Amazonas, Brazil, is characterized by small size (SVL 22.6-28.7mm in males, 29.336.4mm in females), dorsum grayish brown with minute scattered light gray spots and a distinctive middle longitudinal light cream stripe from the tip of snout to vent, and venter immaculate clear cream, with a sharp color limit between the dorsal and ventral regions. Elachistocleis surumu sp.nov., from Vila Surumu (04o12N, 60o48W; 80m altitude), Municipality of Pacaraima, State of Roraima, Brazil, is diagnosed by the small size (SVL 19.6-27.0mm in males, 23.2-26.9mm in females), dorsum dark gray with small irregular clear gray spots scattered without forming defined pattern, mid dorsal longitudinal light stripe absent, venter gray with many irregular cream spots regularly distributed, including the throat area, and undefined color transition between the dorsal and ventral regions. Elachistocleis carvalhoi sp.nov., from Aragominas (07o10S, 48o32W; 345m altitude), State of Tocantins, Brazil, is separated by the medium size (SVL 24.0-31.9mm in males, 32.0-37.1mm in females), dorsum uniformly dark gray without marks or pattern, and venter and flanks grayish with large anastomosed whitish spots, producing a coarse marbled pattern, mainly on the chest. Elachistocleis bumbameuboi sp.nov., from UHE Ponta da Madeira, Municipality of So Lus (02o32S, 44o18W; 24m altitude), State of Maranho, Brazil, is diagnosed by the medium size (SVL 26.9-28.8mm in males, 32.8-43.4mm in females), dorsum uniformly dark gray, without spots nor light mid-dorsal stripe, venter gray, with minute anastomosed whitish blotches, producing a salt-and-pepper pattern, extending to the ventrolateral region. Elachistocleis matogrosso sp.nov., from Cuiab (15o36S, 56o06W; 177m altitude), State of Mato Grosso, Brazil, is characterized by small size (SVL 21.5-24.6mm in males, 29.0-33.2mm in females), dorsum uniformly grayish brown, a mid dorsal longitudinal light cream stripe from the post-cephalic dermal fold to vent, and venter immaculate clear cream, with a poorly defined color limit between the dorsal and ventral regions. The geographic distributions of the new species and of Elachistocleis bicolor and E. cesarii are realized and mapped.
1 2
Received on 17 de junho de 2010. Accepted on 23 de junho de 2010. Museu Nacional/UFRJ, Departamento de Vertebrados. Quinta da Boa Vista, So Cristvo, 20940040 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. E-mail: ulisses@acd.ufrj.br. Fellow of Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientfico e Tecnolgico (CNPq).
U.CARAMASCHI
Key words: Gastrophryninae. Elachistocleis helianneae sp.nov. Elachistocleis surumu sp.nov. Elachistocleis carvalhoi sp.nov. Elachistocleis bumbameuboi sp. nov. Elachistocleis matogrosso sp.nov. RESUMO: Notas sobre a posio taxonmica de Elachistocleis ovalis (Schneider, 1799) e descrio de cinco espcies novas de Elachistocleis Parker, 1927 (Amphibia, Anura, Microhylidae). A posio taxonmica de Elachistocleis ovalis (Schneider, 1799) discutida e o txon considerado um nomen dubium, relacionado a uma species inquirenda. Cinco novas espcies do gnero Elachistocleis so descritas. Elachistocleis helianneae sp.nov., de Humait (07o35S, 62o40W; 90m de altitude), Estado do Amazonas, Brasil, diagnosticada pelo tamanho pequeno (CRA 22,6-28,7mm em machos, 29,3-36,4mm em fmeas), dorso marrom acinzentado com pequenas manchas cinza claro espalhadas e uma caracterstica linha longitudinal mediana creme claro desde a ponta do focinho ao nus e ventre creme claro imaculado, com ntido limite de colorido entre as regies dorsal e ventral. Elachistocleis surumu sp.nov., da Vila Surumu (04o12N, 60o48W; 80m de altitude), Municpio de Pacaraima, Estado de Roraima, Brasil, caracterizada pelo tamanho pequeno (CRA 19,6-27,0mm em machos, 23,1-26,9mm em fmeas), dorso cinza escuro com pequenas manchas cinza claro espalhadas sem formar padro definido, linha longitudinal dorsal clara ausente, ventre cinza com muitas manchas irregulares creme regularmente distribudas, incluindo a regio gular, e transio de colorido indefinida entre as regies dorsal e ventral. Elachistocleis carvalhoi sp.nov., de Aragominas (07o10S, 48o32W; 345m de altitude), Estado do Tocantins, Brasil, separada pelo tamanho mdio (CRA 24,9-31,9mm em machos, 32,0-37,1mm em fmeas), dorso uniformemente cinza escuro sem desenhos ou padro, e ventre e flancos cinza com grandes manchas esbranquiadas anastomosadas, produzindo um padro marmoreado grosseiro, principalmente na regio peitoral. Elachistocleis bumbameuboi sp.nov., da UHE Ponta da Madeira, Municpio de So Lus (02o32S, 44o18W; 24m de altitude), Estado do Maranho, Brasil, diagnosticada pelo tamanho mdio (CRA 26,9-28,8mm em machos, 32,8-43,4mm em fmeas), dorso uniformemente cinza escuro, sem manchas nem linha clara mediana, ventre cinza, com pequenas manchas esbranquiadas anastomosadas, produzindo um padro de sal-e-pimenta que se estende at a regio ventrolateral. Elachistocleis matogrosso sp.nov., de Cuiab (15o36S, 56o06W; 177m de altitude), Estado do Mato Grosso, Brasil, caracterizada pelo tamanho pequeno (CRA 21,5-24,6mm em machos, 29,0-33,2mm em fmeas), dorso uniformemente marrom acinzentado, com uma linha creme claro longitudinal mediana desde a prega drmica ps-ceflica at o nus, e ventre creme claro imaculado, com limite de colorido pouco definido entre as regies dorsal e ventral. As distribuies geogrficas das novas espcies e de Elachistocleis bicolor e Elachistocleis cesarii so atualizadas e mapeadas. Palavras-chave: Gastrophryninae. Elachistocleis helianneae sp.nov. Elachistocleis surumu sp.nov. Elachistocleis carvalhoi sp.nov. Elachistocleis bumbameuboi sp.nov. Elachistocleis matogrosso sp.nov.
INTRODUCTION Currently, the genus Elachistocleis Parker, 1927 is composed by eight species, distributed in two ventral color pattern groups. One has immaculate chest and belly, involving E. bicolor (Gurin-Mneville, 1838) and E. ovalis (Schneider, 1799), and other with some kind of blotches or vermiculations on belly, including E. cesarii (MirandaRibeiro, 1920), E. erythrogaster Kwet & Di Bernardo, 1998, E. magnus Toledo, 2010, E. piauiensis Caramaschi & Jim, 1983, E. skotogaster Lavilla, Vaira & Ferrari, 2003, and E. surinamensis (Daudin, 1802) (FROST, 2010; TOLEDO, 2010; TOLEDO et al., 2010). LAVILLA et al. (2003) considered that three species in the genus are well defined and have associated name-bearing types and type localities. Elachistocleis piauiensis, described from Picos, State of Piau, Brazil, has a small size (SVL 19.8-23.7mm in males, 21.1-28.3mm in females) and venter mottled in cream and gray, a thin and
Bol. Mus. Nac., N.S., Zool., Rio de Janeiro, n.527, p.1-30, ago.2010
NOTES ON THE TAXONOMIC STATUS OF ELACHISTOCLEIS OVALIS...
interrupted clear line on the posterior surface of thighs, and a large gland behind the posterior corner of mouth (CARAMASCHI & JIM, 1983); E. erythrogaster, described from So Francisco de Paula, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, presents size large (SVL 29.1-32.3mm in males, 34.0-37.6mm in females) and deep black throats in males and females, black and blue marbled lateral surfaces, flashy red-orange venter, and no femoral posterior stripe nor postcommisural gland (KWET & DI BERNARDO, 1998); and E. skotogaster, described from Los Toldos, Departamento Santa Victoria, Salta, Argentina, has a large size (SVL 27.5-28.5mm in males, 30.3-34.4mm in females), belly and legs densely spotted in brown, dorsal region uniformly dark brown mottled with black, without a light vertebral stripe, and postcommisural gland absent (LAVILLA et al., 2003). To this group must be added the recently revalidated E. cesarii, type locality Piquete, State of So Paulo, Brazil, with medium size (SVL 22.6-26.7mm in males, 28.6-36.0mm in females) and dorsum and limbs brownish gray with small white dots, throat darker than venter, chest yellow with gray marks, belly white or yellow with gray marks and reticulations reaching the flanks, orange femoral stripe, and small postcommisural gland present (TOLEDO et al., 2010), and the recently described E. magnus, type locality Fazenda Jaburi, Municipality of Espigo do Oeste, State of Rondnia, Brazil, with large size (SVL 31.8-36.6mm in males, 39.8-43.8mm in females) and dorsum and limbs uniform dark grayish with scarce minute brighter dots on the outer boundaries of the dorsum, a thin mid-dorsal white stripe from the vent to the anterior third of the dorsum, throat brownish dark, darker than chest and belly, venter gray with minute scattered white spots mainly on the belly and ventral surface of legs, large irregular white spots on the groin and axillary region, a broad, not well defined femoral light stripe, and large postcommisural gland present (TOLEDO, 2010). On the other hand, the three remaining and older species do not have name-bearing types nor defined type localities and LAVILLA et al. (2003) showed that two of them, E. ovalis and E. bicolor, are involved in a enormous confusion since 1841 and, in fact, later contributions not only did not solve the problem but contributed to increase the controversy. In its turn, E. surinamensis has been treated as a junior synonym of E. ovalis, as a senior synonym of Hypopachus pearsei Ruthven, 1914 (currently Relictivomer pearsei), or as valid species. Attempting to throw some light on the problem, LAVILLA et al. (2003) proposed that it would be advisable to consider the latter three species to fit with the characters that describe the genus Elachistocleis and that E. surinamensis would have a spotted ventral color, an evident light vertebral stripe, and would inhabit the northern portion of the generic range; E. bicolor would have an immaculate venter and would occupy the southern portion of the generic range (Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay, and southern Brazil), restricting the type locality of the species to Buenos Aires, Argentina; and E. ovalis would have an immaculate, yellow ventral color and would occur in the northern portion of the generic range. Nevertheless, in this concept E. ovalis is not associated with any existing natural population. Additionally, LAVILLA et al. (2003) stated that these three taxa constitute, without doubt, complexes of species and the decisions presented respecting the definitions would be only operative frameworks for a necessary revision. Pending that extensive revision and in order to improve the taxonomy of the genus Elachistocleis, in this paper the taxonomic status of Elachistocleis ovalis (Schneider, 1799) is discussed and five new species of Elachistocleis are described from Brazil.
U.CARAMASCHI
MATERIAL AND METHODS Specimens examined, referred in the text and in the Appendix, are housed in the following collections: MNRJ (Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil); MPEG (Museu Paraense Emlio Goeldi, Belm, PA, Brazil); MZUSP (Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de So Paulo, SP, Brazil); MHNCI (Museu de Histria Natural do Capo da Imbuia, Curitiba, PR, Brazil); UFBA (Museu de Zoologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil); MZUFV (Museu de Zoologia Joo Moojen de Oliveira, Universidade Federal de Viosa, MG, Brazil); MCNAM (Museu de Cincias Naturais, Pontifcia Universidade Catlica de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil); USNM (National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., USA); CHUNB (Coleo Herpetolgica da Universidade de Braslia, DF); CFBH (Clio F.B. Haddad Collection, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Campus de Rio Claro, SP, Brazil); EI (Eugenio Izecksohn Collection, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropdica, RJ, Brazil); AL-MN (Adolpho Lutz Collection, deposited in MNRJ); and JJ (Jorge Jim Collection, currently in the MNRJ). Measurements were taken on preserved specimens using digital callipers under a dissecting microscope to the nearest 0.1mm. Abbreviations of the measurements are: SVL (snout-vent length); HL (head length); HW (head width); IND (internarial distance); END (eye to nostril distance); ED (eye diameter); UEW (upper eyelid width); IOD (interorbital distance); HAL (hand length); THL (thigh length); TL (tibia length); FL (foot length). Snout profile terminology follows HEYER et al. (1990). RESULTS THE
TAXONOMIC STATUS OF
ELACHISTOCLEIS
OVALIS
(SCHNEIDER, 1799)
Elachistocleis ovalis was proposed by SCHNEIDER (1799) as Rana ovalis, a species with small head, long snout, globose body, and small eyes, with gray dorsum and yellowish venter. The syntypes were originally one specimen in the Musei Ducalis Brunovicensis, a second specimen in the Museo Barbyensi, and one specimen in the Gronovius Musei II no. 67; the latter would have been that described by GRONOVIUS (1763, Zoophylacii no. 65) and illustrated by SEBA (1735, pictura II tab. 37 f. 3) (SCHNEIDER, 1799). All syntypes are currently not known and certainly are lost and, actually, the only figured specimen in S EBA (1735) is a Breviceps gibbosus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Brevicipitidae), a species known from Republic of South Africa (FROST, 2010). The type locality was not stated and it is impossible to infer where the syntypes were collected on the basis of cited collections and figures. Besides, no one of the earlier and contemporary followers of Schneider (e.g., SHAW, 1802; DAUDIN, 1802; MERREM, 1820) stated the locality for the species; moreover, FITZINGER (1826) considered that its distribution would be ...Ex Asia, India... [E. ovalis. m. Eifrmige E. (Rana ovalis. Schneider) Ex Asia, India.]. CUVIER (1829) associated Engystoma ovalis with the genus Dactylethra lEngystoma ovalis Fitz., est un dactyltre , a genus created by him for species from Southern Africa (le midi de lAfrique ...) and currently synonymized under Xenopus Wagler, 1827 (Pipidae) (FROST, 2010). The affirmation of CUVIER (1829) was disputed by DUMRIL & BIBRON (1841), who said that it was a mistake, since Fitzinger
gave, as a synonym of his Engystoma ovale, Rana ovalis Schneider; however, they conceded that Fitzinger also included in his genus Engystoma the Pipe lisse of Daudin, which would be really a Dactylthre. In the account on the I. LEngystome ovale. Engystoma ovale. Fitzinger, DUMRIL & BIBRON (1841) included a list of synonyms with all names purportedly associated with that species: Rana ovalis Schneider, Rana ovalis Shaw, Bufo surinamensis Daudin, Bufo ovalis Daudin, Rana bufonia Merrem, Engystoma ovalis Fitzinger, Oxyrhincus bicolor Valenciennes, Oxyrhincus bicolor Gurin, Microps unicolor Wagler, and Stenocephalus microps Tschudi. In doing that, they included under the same concept the two known color morphs, with spotted and immaculte venters. Additionally, overlooking the statement of FITZINGER (1841) on the distribution of the species, they considered that Engystoma ovale occurred in South America (lAmerique mridionale), having examined putative specimens from Surinam and from Buenos Aires [Argentina]. This distributional concept was followed, without discussion, by all subsequent authors (LAVILLA et al., 2003). Attempting to present an operative framework for a necessary revision of what they considered a complex of species, LAVILLA et al. (2003) stated that E. ovalis will fit with the characters that describe the genus Elachistocleis, have an immaculate, yellow ventral coloration, and inhabit the northern portion of the generic range. Concluding, they conceded that regarding this distribution and if the statement of FITZINGER (1826) is in error and Elachistocleis is really a neotropical taxon, the decision presented was based on the exclusion of those specimens considered under the name Elachistocleis bicolor (Gurin-Mneville, 1838). The proposition of LAVILLA et al. (2003), however, presents a central problem given that the name E. ovalis was not associated to any known frog population in South America and, if FITZINGER (1826) is correct and DUMRIL & BIBRON (1841) are wrong, this name is not applicable to a neotropical taxon. Moreover, although biologically indefinite, taxonomically the name E. ovalis threatens the later congener E. bicolor, a currently well established species. In fact, based on the immaculate, yellow ventral color described for both taxa, CARCERELLI (1992), in a meeting abstract, proposed the synonymization of E. bicolor with E. ovalis. This action was followed by KLAPPENBACH & LANGONE (1992), LANGONE (1995), and KWET & DI BERNARDO (1998), but not recognized by other authors, including FROST (2010 and earlier versions). In view of this, considering the brief and poorly informative original description, the inexistence of a name bearing type or types, the absence of a type locality, the impossibility to associate the name with an actual population, and to prevent the threat to a well known species, Rana ovalis Schneider, 1799 and its current combination Elachistocleis ovalis is here considered a nomen dubium, that is, a name of unknown or doubtful application (ICZN, 1999), associated to a species inquirenda, that is, a species of doubtful identity needing further investigation (ICZN, 1999). SPECIES ACCOUNTS Elachistocleis helianneae sp.nov. (Fig.1) Holotype BRAZIL: AMAZONAS: Humait (07o35S, 62o40W; 90m altitude), MNRJ 6989, adult , collected by Ulisses Caramaschi, 13/XII/1979.
U.CARAMASCHI
Paratypes All from the type locality: MNRJ 4818-4820, collected by U.Caramaschi, 26/II/1976; MNRJ 4822, MNRJ 6990-6993, collected with the holotype; MNRJ 6687066871, collected by U.Wrani, on 17/IX/1974; MNRJ 66872-66879, collected by A.Silva, 01/VI/1974; MNRJ 66880-66882, collected by A.Silva, 10/IX/1974; MNRJ 66883-66885, collected by A.Silva and C.M.Carvalho, 04/I/1979; MNRJ 66886-66887, collected by C.M.Carvalho, A.Silva and L.M.Silva, 13/I/1979; MNRJ 66888-66889, collected by L.M.Silva, A.Silva and C.M.Carvalho, 24/I/1979; MNRJ 66890-66892, collected by M.Menezes, I/1975; MNRJ 66893, collected by U.Caramaschi and C.M.Carvalho, 06-07/III/1975; MNRJ 66894, collected by U.Caramaschi and C.M.Carvalho, 19/III/ 1975; MNRJ 66895, collected by D.Z.Araujo and V.P.Silva, 26/III/1975; MNRJ 6829668297, collected by L.M.Silva, A.Silva and C.M.Carvalho, 13/I/1979. Diagnosis A small sized species (SVL 22.6-28.7mm in males, 29.3-36.4mm in females), characterized by head length slightly smaller than the head width, HL about 94.6% of HW (x = 94.6; SD = 8.03; n = 33); postcommisural gland poorly developed; dorsum smooth; in preservative grayish brown with minute scattered light gray spots; a distinctive middle longitudinal light cream stripe, from the tip of snout to vent; venter immaculate cream; a sharp color limit between the dorsal and ventral regions; no spots on axillae or groin; a broad irregular cream line on the posterior surface of the thighs; a large light cream spot on the proximal internal surface of tibiae; a narrow light cream stripe surrounding the knees and reaching the middle of the tarsus. Comparisons with other species The three species with immaculate venters are E. bicolor, E. helianneae sp.nov., and E. matogrosso sp.nov. The new species is readily distinguished from E. bicolor by the longer head (HL greater than 94% of HW in H. helianneae sp.nov.; HL less than 90% of HW in E. bicolor), by the presence of the mid-dorsal stripe (absent in E. bicolor), by the presence of minute light spots on dorsum and dorsal surfaces of members (absent in E. bicolor), and by the stripe on the posterior surface of thighs broad, irregular (thin, well defined in E. bicolor). From E. matogrosso sp.nov., the new species is separated by the mid-dorsal stripe extending from the tip of snout to vent (extending from the postcephalic dermal fold to vent in E. matogrosso sp.nov.), by the presence of minute light spots on dorsum and dorsal surfaces of members (absent in E. matogrosso sp.nov.), by the loreal region conspicuously white in E. helianneae (dorsal gray color of dorsum of the snout invading the loreal region almost to the upper lip border in E. matogrosso), and by the sharp color limit between the dorsal and ventral regions (color limit between dorsal and ventral regions poorly defined in E. matogrosso sp.nov.) All other species in the genus Elachistocleis present some type of ventral color pattern (venter immaculate in E. helianneae sp.nov.) Description of holotype Body ovoid, head small, triangular, slightly broader than long; head length 97% of head width and 24.3% of SVL; head width 25.1% of SVL. Snout subelliptical in dorsal view, protruding in profile. Nostrils small, not protuberant, directed anterolaterally, closer to tip of snout than to eye; internarial distance smaller than the eye to nostril and interorbital distances, equalling the eye diameter, and larger than the upper eyelid width. Canthus rostralis rounded; loreal region flat, sloping abruptly to the upper lip; lips not flared. Postcommisural gland poorly developed. Eyes small, dorsolateral, only slightly protruding. Interorbital space slightly convex, almost two times the upper eyelid width. No cranial crests. A poorly defined transverse skinfold across back of the head, bending
downwards slightly behind the eyes to the shoulder; a poorly defined skinfold through dorsolateral region from the axilla to the groin. Tympanum concealed; supratympanic fold absent. Lower jaw with truncate, trilobed anterior margin. Tongue large, oval, without a notch on posterior border. Choanae large, subcircular, widely separated. Vocal slits present. Premaxillary, maxillary, and vomerine odontophores absent. Vocal sac subgular, not expanded externally. A weak skinfold crossing the chest between axillae. Arms moderately robust, no tubercles or crests on forearm; palmar tubercle large, divided longitudinally, twice the size of the thenar tubercle; fingers slender, free, with subarticular tubercles developed, rounded; supranumerary tubercles absent; tip of fingers not flattened or expanded; terminal grooves absent. Relative lengths of fingers, 1<2<4<3. Prepollex not evident; nuptial pads or asperities absent.
Fig.1- Elachistocleis helianneae sp.nov., holotype (MNRJ 6989; SVL 26.5mm), dorsal and ventral views of body, and head profile.
U.CARAMASCHI
Legs short, robust. Thigh length smaller than tibia and foot lengths; thigh length 95.8% of tibia length. Sum of thigh and tibia lengths 74.8% of SVL; thigh length 36.6% of SVL; tibia length 38.2% of SVL. Heel of adpressed legs not reaching axilla; knee and elbow widely separated when limbs laid along the sides; heels touching when flexed legs held at right angle to body; knee and heel with a transverse skinfold; no tibial or tarsal ridges; an oval inner but no outer metatarsal tubercle; plantar tubercles absent. Toes slender, free, weakly fringed; subarticular tubercles developed, rounded; supranumerary tubercles absent; tips of toes not flattened or expanded; terminal grooves absent. Relative lengths of toes, 1<2<5<3<4. Skin smooth above and beneath; anal opening not modified, no para-anal tubercles. In preservative, dorsum and dorsal surfaces of limbs grayish brown, with minute white dots scattered without forming a defined pattern; a distinctive mid-dorsal light cream stripe, from the tip of snout to the urostile; a sharp color limit between the dorsal and ventral regions; venter immaculate, dull white; throat grayish; no spots on axillae and groin; an irregular broad light cream stripe on the posterior surface of thighs; a large irregular, light cream spot on the proximal internal surface of tibiae; a light cream stripe surrounding the knees and reaching the middle of the tarsus. Measurements of holotype in mm SVL 26.5, HL 6.4, HW 6.6, IND 1.7, END 2.3, ED 1.7, UEW 1.3, IOD 2.8, HAL 5.5, THL 9.7, TL 10.1, FL 12.1. Etymology The name of the species is given after Helianne de Niemeyer (MNRJ), for her constant strength for the ups and downs of my professional and personal life, besides the companionship in the home, in the field, and in the laboratory work. Variation Except for minor details in corporal proportions, the descripton of the holotype stands for males of the species. Size ranges from 23.0 to 29.5mm SVL and the intensity of the color of the throat can vary. The females are bigger than males, size ranging from 26.3 to 37.0mm SVL. Range, mean, and standard deviation of the measurements of the type specimens of E. helianneae are presented in table 1. In few specimens the middorsal stripe can be interrupted, but it is always present. Geographical distribution Northern Brazil, in the States of Amazonas, Par, and Rondonia, and in Bolivia, in the Departments Beni and Santa Cruz (Fig.6). Remarks Good color pictures of E. helianneae sp.nov. in life are presented in DE LA RIVA et al. (2000) and in LIMA et al. (2006), identified as E. bicolor. Dorsum and dorsal surfaces of limbs gray to dark gray, with small, scattered, irregular black spots; longitudinal mid-dorsal stripe yellow; venter uniformly yellow to greenish yellow; a mid-ventral white line from the chest to vent, crossed by a transversal white line between the axillae; throat gray; stripe on posterior surface of thighs and spots on internal surfaces of tibiae orange red; line surrounding knees and tarsus yellow; iris brown with intense black vermiculations. The specimen MNRJ 6949 fits the diagnosis for E. helianneae sp.nov., but has a manuscript label containing Engystoma ovale bicolor (Val.) / Assumpo - R. do Paraguay / Coll. B. Schouten 1929. / Miranda-Ribeiro [signed]. The collection data are here considered in error, due to an early labeling mistake or possible specimen exchange in some time of these almost 90 years in the collection.
TABLE 1. Range (mm), mean (x ), and standard deviation (SD) of the measurements of the type specimens of Elachistocleis helianneae sp.nov. (n = number of specimens).
C HARACTERS SVL HL HW IND END ED UEW IOD HAL THL TL FL
R ANGE 23.0-29.5 5.65-6.8 5.7-7.5 1.2-2.15 2.1-2.65 1.35-2.0 1.0-1.3 2.1-3.5 4.6-6.5 8.0-10.7 8.4-11.8 10.5-13.9
(n = 15) x 26.4 6.1 6.7 1.7 2.3 1.6 1.2 2.85 5.4 9.8 10.2 12.0
SD 1.93 0.37 0.37 0.24 0.16 0.20 0.09 0.39 0.47 0.80 0.82 0.83
R ANGE 26.3-37.0 6.1-7.9 5.55-8.4 1.7-2.2 2.0-3.0 1.6-2.1 1.2-1.6 2.6-3.6 5.4-7.2 9.2-12.7 10.2-12.9 11.8-15.8
(n = 18) x 31.7 7.0 7.3 2.0 2.5 1.7 1.3 3.1 6.3 11.2 11.8 13.9
SD 2.82 0.61 0.70 0.18 0.29 0.16 0.12 0.27 0.52 1.09 0.92 1.21
Elachistocleis surumu sp.nov. (Fig.2) Holotype BRAZIL: RORAIMA: Municipality of Pacaraima, Vila Surumu (04o12N, 60o48W; 121m altitude), MNRJ 25210, adult , collected by Ulisses Caramaschi, Helianne de Niemeyer, and Dcio F. de Moraes Jr., 20/X-10/XI/1998. Paratypes Collected with the holotype: MNRJ 25211-25300, 25302-25305, 2530725326, 25338-25344. Diagnosis A small sized species (SVL 19.6-27.0mm in males, 23.2-26.9mm in females), diagnosed by the head length shorter than the head width, HL about 85.6% of HW (x = 85.6; SD = 4.27; n = 24); postcommisural gland present, small; dorsum smooth; in preservative dark gray with small irregular clear gray spots scattered without forming defined pattern, and mid longitudinal light stripe absent; venter gray with many irregular cream spots regularly distributed, including the throat area; an undefined color transition between the dorsal and ventral regions; small, defined white spots on axilla and groin; a broad irregular, poorly defined line on the posterior surface of the thighs; no light stripe on knee and tarsus. Comparisons with other species The species with some kind of ventral color pattern are E. cesarii, E. erythrogaster, E. magnus, E. piauiensis, E. skotogaster, E. surinamensis, E. carvalhoi sp.nov., and E. bumbameuboi sp.nov. The new species is distinguished from these species by the dorsal color dark gray with small irregular clear gray spots (dorsal surfaces dark gray with small white dots in E. cesarii; dorsum dark gray marbled with black, blue, and some orange in males, dorsum orange marbled with black and blue in females of E. erythrogaster; dorsum uniform dark grayish with scarce minute
10
U.CARAMASCHI
brighter dots in the outer boundaries in E. magnus; dorsum uniformly gray with scarce minute irregular bright dots in E. piauiensis; dorsum dark brown mottled with black and white spots in E. skotogaster; dorsum dark gray or black with an evident light vertebral stripe in E. surinamensis; dorsum uniformly brown or dark gray without marks in E. carvalhoi sp.nov. and E. bumbameuboi sp.nov.; color in figures and/or described in KENNY, 1969, CARAMASCHI & JIM, 1983, KWET & DI BERNARDO, 1998, LAVILLA et al., 2003, NUNES et al., 2010, TOLEDO, 2010, and TOLEDO et al., 2010); by the venter and throat gray with many irregular yellow spots regularly distributed in E. surumu sp.nov. (chest yellow with gray marks and belly white or yellow with gray marks and reticulations in E. cesarii; venter red orange, with hindlimbs largely black mottled in bright blue in E. erythrogaster; venter gray with minute scattered white spots, mainly on the belly and ventral surfaces of legs, in E. magnus; venter dull white or light yellow, heavily grayish spotted, marbled, in E. piauiensis; venter gray, mottled with dark brown in E. skotogaster; venter dark gray or black with large yellow and small white spots in E. surinamensis; venter grayish with large anastomosed yellow or whitish yellow blotches, producing a coarse marbled pattern, mainly in the chest area, in E. carvalhoi sp.nov.; and venter gray with minute anastomosed whitish spots, producing a salt-and-pepper pattern, in E. bumbameuboi sp.nov.). The three species with immaculate venters and a defined color limit between the dorsal and ventral regions are E. bicolor, E. helianneae, and E. matogrosso sp.nov. The new species is readily distinguished from these species by having venter gray with many irregular cream spots regularly distributed and an undefined color transition between the dorsal and ventral regions. Description of holotype Body ovoid, head small, triangular, broader than long; head length 89.7% of head width and 25.2% of SVL; head width 28.1% of SVL. Snout rounded in dorsal view, protruding in profile. Nostrils small, not protuberant, directed laterally, closer to tip of snout than to eye; internarial distance smaller than the eye to nostril and interorbital distances, and larger than the eye diameter and upper eyelid width. Canthus rostralis rounded; loreal region flat, sloping abruptly to the upper lip; lips not flared. Postcommisural gland present, small. Eyes small, dorsolateral, only slightly protruding. Interorbital space slightly convex, almost two times the upper eyelid width. No cranial crests. A transverse skinfold across back of the head, bending downwards slightly behind the eyes to the shoulder; a poorly defined skinfold through dorsolateral region from the axilla to the groin. Tympanum concealed; supratympanic fold absent. Lower jaw with truncate, trilobed anterior margin. Tongue large, oval, without a notch on posterior border. Choanae large, subcircular, widely separated. Vocal slits present. Premaxillary, maxillary, and vomerine odontophores absent. Vocal sac subgular, not expanded externally. A skinfold crosses the chest between axillae. Arms moderately robust, no tubercles or crests on forearm; palmar tubercle large, divided longitudinally, twice the size of the thenar tubercle; fingers slender, free, with subarticular tubercles developed, rounded; supranumerary tubercles absent; tip of fingers not flattened or expanded; terminal grooves absent. Relative lengths of fingers, 1<2<4<3. Prepollex not evident; nuptial pads or asperities absent. Legs short, robust. Thigh length larger than tibia and smaller than foot length; tibia length 93.3% of thigh length. Sum of thigh and tibia lengths 80.8% of SVL; thigh
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Fig.2- Elachistocleis surumu sp.nov., holotype (MNRJ 25210; SVL 25.4mm), dorsal and ventral views of body, and head profile.
length 41.8% of SVL; tibia length 39.0% of SVL. Heel of adpressed legs failing to reach axilla; knee and elbow widely separated when limbs laid along the sides; heels touching when flexed legs held at right angle to body; knee and heel with a weak transversal skinfold; no tibial or tarsal ridges; a small oval inner but no outer metatarsal tubercle; plantar tubercles absent. Toes slender, free, not fringed; subarticular tubercles developed, rounded; supranumerary tubercles absent; tips of toes not flattened or expanded; terminal grooves absent. Relative lengths of toes, 1<2<5<3<4. Skin smooth above and beneath; anal opening not modified, no para-anal tubercles. In preservative, dorsum dark gray with small irregular gray spots scattered without forming defined pattern, and mid-longitudinal light stripe absent; venter gray with many irregular cream spots regularly distributed; an undefined color transition between the dorsal and ventral regions; small, defined white spots on axilla and groin; a short irregular, poorly defined cream line on the posterior surface of the thighs; internal sufaces of tibiae with white spots; no light stripe on knee and tarsus.
POSIO TAXONMICA DAS VARIEDADES DE B. EPHIPPIUM...
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Measurements of holotype in mm SVL 25.4, HL 6.4, HW 7.1, IND 1.8, END 2.1, ED 1.6, UEW 1.2, IOD 2.6, HAL 5.6, THL 10.6, TL 9.9, FL 11.4. Etymology The name of the species, a noun in apposition, is an allusion to the type locality, a small village currently included in the Reserva Indgena Raposa Serra do Sol, in the State of Roraima, northern Brazil. Variation Except for minor details in corporal proportions, the descripton of the holotype stands for males of the species. Size ranges from 19.6 to 27.0mm SVL and the intensity of the color of the throat can vary. The females are slightly bigger than males, size ranging from 23.2 to 26.9mm SVL. Range, mean, and standard deviation of the measurements of the type specimens of E. surumu sp.nov. are presented in table 2. Geographical distribution Northern Brazil, in the State of Roraima (Fig.6). Remarks The color in life, based on a photograph of a recently preserved specimen not specified, presents dorsum and flanks dark gray with small irregular light gray spots; venter, throat, and undersurfaces of limbs black with many irregular yellow spots; spots on axilla, groin, posterior surface of tibia, and thigh stripe, orange red; iris brown with intense black vermiculations.
TABLE 2. Range (mm), mean (x ), and standard deviation (SD) of the measurements of the type specimens of Elachistocleis surumu sp.nov. (n = number of specimens).
CHARACTERS SVL HL HW IND END ED UEW IOD HAL THL TL FL
RANGE 19.6-27.0 4.7-5.9 5.1-7.2 1.4-2.2 1.7-2.2 1.3-1.7 0.9-1.4 2.1-2.8 4.6-5.7 7.3-10.6 7.2-9.9 8.3-11.4
(n = 20) x 23.1 5.2 6.15 1.7 2.0 1.5 1.2 2.5 5.2 8.65 8.3 9.6
SD 1.94 0.44 0.51 0.17 0.14 0.13 0.11 0.17 0.40 0.88 0.69 1.06
RAN GE 23.2-26.9 5.3-7.2 5.9-7.0 1.5-1.7 1.9-2.4 1.4-1.6 1.0-1.3 2.4-2.9 5.05-5.6 9.1-11.1 8.1-9.35 9.5-13.6
(n = 4) x 25.6 5.9 6.65 1.55 2.2 1.5 1.3 2.7 5.3 9.4 8.9 11.2
SD 1.61 0.39 0.49 0.09 0.23 0.12 0.11 0.21 0.27 1.19 0.52 1.76
Elachistocleis carvalhoi sp.nov. (Fig.3) Holotype BRAZIL: TOCANTINS: Aragominas (07o10S, 48o32W; 345m altitude), MNRJ 51384 , adult , collected by P.Fatorelli and L.Machado, 25/XI/2007. Paratypes BRAZIL: TOCANTINS: Collected with the holotype, MNRJ 51385; Nova Olinda (07o38S, 48o25W; 257m), MNRJ 51386, collected by P.Fatorelli and L.Machado, 28/XI/2007; Santa F do Araguaia (07o09S, 48o42W; 190m), MNRJ 48220, collected by E.G.Pereira and P.C.F.Carneiro, VI/2007. PAR: Cana dos Carajs (06o30S,
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49o53W; 210m), Minerao Serra do Sossego, MNRJ 52474, collected by V.B.Assis, III/2002; MPEG 16265-16266, collected by V.B.Assis, III/2003; Marab (05o22S, 49o07W; 84m), Reserva Me Maria, MNRJ 52734, collected by H.Wogel and R.Brnils, 05/II/2008; Parauapebas (06o24S, 49o54W; 150m), Serra dos Carajs, MNRJ 58858, no collector, 12/II/2009; Piarra (06o26S, 48o52W; 215m), MNRJ 51387, collected by P.Fatorelli and L.Machado, 16/XI/2007; So Geraldo do Araguaia (06o24S, 48o33W; 145m), MNRJ 60285, collected by P.Fatorelli and D.D.Rocha, 07/VI/2009. Diagnosis A medium sized species (SVL 24.0-31.9mm in males, 32.0-37.1mm in females), characterized by the head length shorter than the head width, HL about 86.6% of HW (x = 86.6; SD = 6.38; n = 9); postcommisural gland developed; dorsum smooth; in preservative uniformly dark gray without marks or pattern; venter and flanks grayish with large anastomosed whitish spots, producing a coarse marbled pattern, mainly on the chest; large cream spots on axillae, groin, and posterior surfaces of tibiae; a broad irregular, poorly defined line on the posterior surface of the thighs; no light stripe on knee and tarsus. Comparisons with other species The species with some kind of ventral color pattern are E. cesarii, E. erythrogaster, E. magnus, E. piauiensis, E. skotogaster, E. surinamensis, E. surumu, and E. bumbameuboi sp.nov. The new species is distinguished from these species by the dorsum uniformly brown or dark gray without marks (dorsal surfaces dark gray with small white dots in E. cesarii; dorsum dark gray marbled with black, blue, and some orange in males, dorsum orange marbled with black and blue in females of E. erythrogaster; dorsum uniform dark grayish with scarce minute brighter dots in the outer boundaries in E. magnus; dorsum uniformly gray with scarce minute irregular bright dots in E. piauiensis; dorsum dark brown mottled with black and white spots in E. skotogaster; dorsum dark gray or black with an evident light vertebral stripe in E. surinamensis; dorsum dark gray with small irregular clear gray spots in E. surumu; dorsum uniformly dark gray or black without marks in E. bumbameuboi sp.nov.; color in figures and/or described in KENNY, 1969, CARAMASCHI & JIM, 1983, KWET & DI BERNARDO, 1998, LAVILLA et al., 2003, NUNES et al., 2010, TOLEDO, 2010, and TOLEDO et al., 2010); by the venter grayish with large anastomosed yellow or whitish yellow blotches, producing a coarse marbled pattern, mainly in the chest area (chest yellow with gray marks and belly white or yellow with gray marks and reticulations in E. cesarii; venter red orange, with hindlimbs largely black mottled in bright blue in E. erythrogaster; venter gray with minute scattered white spots, mainly on the belly and ventral surfaces of legs, in E. magnus; venter dull white or light yellow, heavily grayish spotted, marbled, in E. piauiensis; venter gray, mottled with dark brown in E. skotogaster; venter dark gray or black with large yellow and small white spots in E. surinamensis; venter and throat gray with many irregular yellow spots regularly distributed in E. surumu; and venter gray with minute anastomosed whitish spots, producing a salt-and-pepper pattern, in E. bumbameuboi sp.nov.). The three species with immaculate venter and a sharp color limit between the dorsal and ventral regions are E. bicolor, E. helianneae, and E. matogrosso sp.nov. The new species is readily distinguished from these species by having venter grayish with large anastomosed yellow or whitish yellow blotches, producing a coarse marbled pattern, mainly in the chest area, and an undefined color transition between the dorsal and ventral regions.
14
U.CARAMASCHI
Description of holotype Body ovoid, head small, triangular, slightly broader than long; head length 97.4% of head width and 25.0% of SVL; head width 25.7% of SVL. Snout rounded in dorsal view, protruding in profile. Nostrils small, not protuberant, directed laterally, closer to tip of snout than to eye; internarial distance smaller than the eye to nostril and interorbital distances, and larger than the eye diameter and upper eyelid width. Canthus rostralis rounded; loreal region flat, sloping abruptly to the upper lip; lips not flared. Postcommisural gland developed. Eyes small, dorsolateral, only slightly protruding. Interorbital space slightly convex, 2.3 times the upper eyelid width. No cranial crests. A poorly defined transverse skinfold across back of the head, bending downwards slightly behind the eyes to the shoulder; a skinfold through dorsolateral region from the axilla to the groin. Tympanum concealed; supratympanic fold absent. Lower jaw with truncate, trilobed anterior margin. Tongue large, oval, without a notch on posterior border. Choanae large, subcircular, widely separated. Vocal slits present. Premaxillary, maxillary, and vomerine odontophores absent. Vocal sac subgular, not expanded externally. A weak skinfold crossing the chest between axillae.
Fig.3- Elachistocleis carvalhoi sp.nov., holotype (MNRJ 51384; SVL 31.4mm), dorsal and ventral views of body, and head profile.
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TABLE 3. Range (mm), mean (x ), and standard deviation (SD) of the measurements of the type specimens of Elachistocleis carvalhoi sp.nov. (n = number of specimens).
C HARAC TERS SVL HL HW IND END ED UEW IOD HAL THL TL FL
RANGE 24.0-31.9 5.8-7.85 6.3-8.1 1.6-2.2 2.1-2.6 1.4-1.9 1.2-1.5 2.85-3.4 5.5-6.9 9.8-11.8 10.0-12.1 11.45-15.0
(n = 6) x 28.95 6.6 7.45 1.9 2.4 1.6 1.4 3.1 6.35 10.7 10.95 13.2
SD 3.22 0.75 0.67 0.22 0.20 0.19 0.10 0.23 0.59 0.86 0.92 1.56
RANGE 32.0-37.1 6.7-7.2 7.6-8.9 1.9-2.5 2.5-3.4 1.7-2.0 1.2-1.7 2.7-3.9 6.4-8.8 12.9-14.4 11.9-14.1 14.1-16.9
(n = 3) x 35.2 7.0 8.4 2.2 3.0 1.8 1.5 3.5 7.8 13.8 13.2 15.9
SD 2.96 0.25 0.70 0.28 0.49 0.18 0.27 0.65 1.27 0.82 1.13 1.52
Arms moderately robust, no tubercles or crests on forearm; palmar tubercle large, divided longitudinally, twice as large as the thenar tubercle; fingers slender, free, with subarticular tubercles developed, rounded; supranumerary tubercles absent; tip of fingers not flattened or expanded; terminal grooves absent. Relative lengths of fingers, 1<2<4<3. Prepollex not evident; nuptial pads or asperities absent. Legs short, robust. Thigh length slightly shorter than tibia length and shorter than foot lengths; thigh length 97.9% of tibia length. Sum of thigh and tibia lengths 70.6% of SVL; thigh length 34.9% of SVL; tibia length 35.7% of SVL. Heel of adpressed legs failing to reach axilla; knee and elbow widely separated when limbs laid along the sides; heels touching when flexed legs held at right angle to body; knee and heel with a weak transversal skinfold; no tibial or tarsal ridges; an small oval inner but no outer metatarsal tubercle; plantar tubercles absent. Toes slender, free, not fringed; subarticular tubercles developed, rounded; supranumerary tubercles absent; tips of toes not flattened or expanded; terminal grooves absent. Relative lengths of toes, 1<2<5<3<4. Skin smooth above and beneath; anal opening not modified, no paraanal tubercles. In preservative, dorsum uniformly dark gray with no light mid-dorsal stripe or pattern; venter grayish, with large anastomosed whitish blotches, producing a coarse marbled pattern, mainly on the chest; ventrolateral region with large whitish blotches; throat grayish; large light cream spots on axillae, groin, and posterior surfaces of tibiae; a light cream, broad, irregular stripe on posterior surfaces of thighs; no light longitudinal stripe on superior surfaces of tibiae and posterior surfaces of tarsus. Measurements of holotype in mm SVL 31.4, HL 7.85, HW 8.1, IND 2.2, END 2.6, ED 1.9,UEW 1.5, IOD 3.4,HAL6.65, THL 11.0, TL 11.2, FL 15.0. Etymology The species is named after the late Prof. Antenor Leito de Carvalho (MNRJ), for his contribution to the knowledge of the neotropical anurans, especially the microhylid frogs.
16
U.CARAMASCHI
Variation Except for minor details in corporal proportions, the description of the holotype stands for the male specimens examined. Size ranges from 24.0-31.9mm SVL in males. The females are bigger than males, their size ranging from 32.0-37.1mm SVL. Few specimens have the marbled pattern on venter and the spots on concealed surfaces slightly coarser or thinner than the holotype. Remarks In specimens recently preserved it is possible to observe that the color in life is dark gray to black on dorsum; the spots on venter are pale yellow on gray background; the blotches on axillae, groin, and posterior surfaces of tibiae, and the stripe on posterior surfaces of thighs are red orange. Geographical distribution Northern Brazil, in northwestern State of Tocantins and southeastern State of Par (Fig.6). Elachistocleis bumbameuboi sp.nov. (Fig.4) Holotype BRAZIL: MARANHO: So Lus (02o32S, 44o18W; 24m altitude), UHE Ponta da Madeira, MNRJ 53200 (Fig.6), adult , collected by R.R.Carvalho and others, 02-08/V/2008. Paratypes Collected with the holotype: MNRJ 53201-53205. Type locality, MNRJ 53378, collected by I.Nunes and C.Canedo, IV/2008. Diagnosis A medium sized species (SVL 26.9-27.7mm in males, 32.8-43.7mm in females), characterized by the head length shorter than the head width, HL about 81% of HW (x = 81; SD = 6.33; n = 5); postcommisural gland developed; dorsum slightly rugose; in preservative, dorsum uniformly dark gray, without spots nor light middorsal stripe; venter gray, with minute anastomosed whitish blotches, producing a salt-and-pepper pattern, extending to the ventrolateral region; throat gray; light spots on axillae, groin, posterior surfaces of tibiae, and superior surfaces of feet absent; a light, thin, irregular stripe on posterior surfaces of thighs; no light longitudinal stripe on superior surfaces of tibiae and posterior surfaces of tarsus. Comparisons with other species The species with some kind of ventral color pattern are E. carvalhoi, E. cesarii, E. erythrogaster, E. magnus, E. piauiensis, E. skotogaster, E. surinamensis, and E. surumu. The new species is distinguished from these species by the dorsum uniformly dark gray or black without marks (dorsum uniformly brown or dark gray without marks in E. carvalhoi; dorsal surfaces dark gray with small white dots in E. cesarii; dorsum dark gray marbled with black, blue, and some orange in males, dorsum orange marbled with black and blue in females of E. erythrogaster; dorsum uniform dark grayish with scarce minute brighter dots in the outer boundaries in E. magnus; dorsum uniformly gray with scarce minute irregular bright dots in E. piauiensis; dorsum dark brown mottled with black and white spots in E. skotogaster; dorsum dark gray or black with an evident light vertebral stripe in E. surinamensis; and dorsum dark gray with small irregular clear gray spots in E. surumu; color in figures and/or described in KENNY, 1969, CARAMASCHI & JIM, 1983, KWET & DI BERNARDO, 1998, LAVILLA et al., 2003, NUNES et al., 2010, TOLEDO, 2010, and TOLEDO et al., 2010); by the venter gray with minute anastomosed whitish spots, producing a salt-and-pepper pattern (venter grayish with large anastomosed yellow or whitish yellow blotches, producing a coarse marbled pattern, mainly in the chest area in E. carvalhoi; chest yellow with gray marks and belly white or yellow with gray marks
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and reticulations in E. cesarii; venter red orange, with hindlimbs largely black mottled in bright blue in E. erythrogaster; venter gray with minute scattered white spots, mainly on the belly and ventral surfaces of legs, in E. magnus; venter dull white or light yellow, heavily grayish spotted, marbled, in E. piauiensis; venter gray, mottled with dark brown in E. skotogaster; venter dark gray or black with large yellow and small white spots in E. surinamensis; and venter and throat gray with many irregular yellow spots regularly distributed in E. surumu). The three species with immaculate venter and a sharp color limit between the dorsal and ventral regions are E. bicolor, E. helianneae, and E. matogrosso. The new species is readily distinguished from these species by having venter gray with minute anastomosed whitish spots, producing a salt-and-pepper pattern and an undefined color transition between the dorsal and ventral regions.
Fig.4- Elachistocleis bumbameuboi sp.nov., holotype (MNRJ 53200; SVL 26.9mm), dorsal and ventral views of body, and head profile.
18
U.CARAMASCHI
Description of holotype Body ovoid, head small, triangular, broader than long; head length 80.0% of head width and 21.2% of SVL; head width 26.4% of SVL. Snout rounded in dorsal view, protruding in profile. Nostrils small, not protuberant, directed laterally, closer to tip of snout than to eye; internarial distance smaller than the eye to nostril and interorbital distances, and larger than the eye diameter and upper eyelid width. Canthus rostralis rounded; loreal region flat, sloping abruptly to the upper lip; lips not flared. Postcommisural gland developed. Eyes small, dorsolateral, only slightly protruding. Interorbital space slightly convex, almost two and half times the upper eyelid width. No cranial crests. A well defined transversal skinfold across back of the head, bending down and backwards slightly behind the eyes to the shoulder; a strong dorsolateral skin fold from the scapular region to the groin. Tympanum concealed; supratympanic fold absent. Lower jaw with truncate, trilobed anterior margin. Tongue large, oval, without a notch on posterior border. Choanae large, subcircular, widely separated. Vocal slits present. Premaxillary, maxillary, and vomerine odontophores absent. Vocal sac subgular, not expanded externally. A skinfold crossing the chest between axillae. Arms moderately robust, no tubercles or crests on forearm; palmar tubercle large, divided longitudinally, twice as large as the thenar tubercle; fingers slender, free, with subarticular tubercles developed, rounded; supranumerary tubercles absent; tip of fingers not flattened or expanded; terminal grooves absent. Relative lengths of fingers, 1<2<4<3. Prepollex not evident; nuptial pads or asperities absent. Legs short, robust. Tibia length slightly longer than thigh and shorter than foot length; thigh length 99.3% of tibia length. Sum of thigh and tibia lengths 75.4% of SVL; thigh length 37.8% of SVL; tibia length 37.6% of SVL. Heel of adpressed legs failing to reach axilla; knee and elbow widely separated when limbs laid along the sides; heels touching when flexed legs are held at right angle to body; knee and heel with a weak transversal skinfold; no tibial or tarsal ridges; an small oval inner but no outer metatarsal tubercle; plantar tubercles absent. Toes slender, free, not fringed; subarticular tubercles developed, rounded; supranumerary tubercles absent; tips of toes not flattened or expanded; terminal grooves absent. Relative lengths of toes, 1<2<5<3<4. Skin smooth above and beneath; small dermal spines scattered mainly on dorsolateral region; anal opening not modified, no para-anal tubercles. In preservative, dorsum uniformly dark gray, without spots nor light mid-dorsal stripe; venter gray, with minute anastomosed whitish blotches, producing a salt-and-pepper pattern, extending to the ventrolateral region; throat gray; light spots on axillae, groin, posterior surfaces of tibiae, and superior surfaces of feet absent; a light, thin, irregular stripe on posterior surfaces of thighs; no light longitudinal stripe on superior surfaces of tibiae and posterior surfaces of tarsus. Measurements of holotype in mm SVL 26.9, HL 5.7, HW 7.1, IND 1.7, END 2.1; ED 1.4, UEW 1.1, IOD 2.6, HAL 5.8, THL 10.2; TL 10.1, FL 11.9. Etymology The name of the species, a noun in apposition, is allusive to the most popular feasts occurring in June at So Lus, Maranho, the Bumba-meu-boi, which can be played through several ways, with distinct characteristics of rhythms, clothes, choreographies, characters, and musical instruments. These festivities narrate the adventures of a cowboy and the death and resurrection of an ox. A suite follows the ox that, through its dance, instigates the participants to take part in the play.
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Variation Except for minor details in corporal proportions, the description of the holotype stands for the male specimens examined. Size ranges from 26.9-27.4mm SVL in males. The females are bigger than males, their size ranging from 32.8-43.7mm SVL. A few specimens have the venter pattern slightly coarser than the holotype. Geographical distribution Known from two localities, in the State of Maranho, northeastern Brazil (Fig.6). Remarks A good color picture of Elachistocleis bumbameuboi sp.nov. in life, treated as E. piauiensis, is presented by NUNES et al. (2010). Dorsum uniformly dark gray, without marks; venter gray with small clear gray small spots producing a salt-andpepper pattern, extending to the ventrolateral region; spots on groin and line on posterior surfaces of thighs orange red; iris brown with dense black vermiculations. The advertisement call is described and, in a note added in the proof of the paper, the authors pointed out differences between the call they described and that described by TOLEDO et al. (2010) for E. piauiensis based on recordings made at Pacatuba, Caucaia, and Viosa do Cear, State of Cear, Brazil.
TABLE 4. Range (mm), mean ( x ), and standard deviation (SD) of the measurements of the type specimens of Elachistocleis bumbameuboi sp.nov. (n = number of specimens).
(n = 3) C HARACTERS SVL HL HW IND END ED UEW IOD HAL THL TL FL RANGE 26.9-28.8 5.7-6.0 7.1-8.1 1.6-1.85 2.1-2.4 1.4-1.7 1.1-1.4 2.3-3.0 5.8-6.9 10.2-11.7 10.1-11.1 11.9-12.8 x 27.8 5.9 7.5 1.7 2.25 1.6 1.3 2.6 6.4 11.1 10.6 12.4 SD 0.96 0.19 0.54 0.11 0.15 0.15 0.19 0.37 0.54 0.79 0.51 0.50 RANGE
(n = 3) x 37.4 7.2 8.6 2.25 2.8 1.8 1.5 3.3 7.7 13.2 12.9 14.7 SD 5.65 1.07 1.06 0.19 0.22 0.17 0.12 0.39 1.07 1.17 1.23 1.80 32.8-43.7 6.1-8.3 8.0-9.8 2.1-2.5 2.6-3.1 1.7-2.0 1.4-1.6 2.9-3.6 7.1-9.0 12.25-14.5 11.95-14.3 13.3-16.7
Elachistocleis matogrosso sp.nov. (Fig.5) Holotype BRAZIL: MATO GROSSO: Cuiab (15o36S, 56o06W; 177m altitude), MNRJ 4812, adult , collected by Ulisses Caramaschi, 03/X/1987. Paratypes BRAZIL: MATO GROSSO: Collected with the holotype, MNRJ 4813; Cuiab, Campus of the Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso, MNRJ 6994, collected by J.Langone, 04/II/1986; CHUNB 47526, collected by LPP, 04/II/1986; Cuiab, bank of the Cuiab river, MNRJ 43841, no collector, no date; Alto Paraguai (14o30S, 56o29W; 221m altitude), Primavera, MNRJ 6977, no collector, no date; Baro de Melgao (16o12S,
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U.CARAMASCHI
55 o58W; 156m altitude), RPPN Sesc Pantanal, MNRJ 32880-32882, collected by C.A.Caetano and L.F.B.Oliveira, 15/X/1999; Pocon (16o15S, 56o37W; 142m altitude), Base de Pesquisas do Pantanal - IBAMA, MHNCI 661, no collector, no date; Pocon, Fazenda Ipiranga, CHUNB 47531, collected by B.Duar, 14/VII/2001. Diagnosis A small sized species (SVL 21.5-24.6mm in males, 29.0-33.2mm in females), characterized by the head length shorter than the head width, HL about 92.0% of HW (x = 92.0; SD = 5.49; n = 8); postcommisural gland poorly developed; dorsum smooth; in preservative, uniformly grayish brown; a thin middle longitudinal light stripe, from the post-cephalic transverse skinfold to the vent, but absent on the head; venter immaculate; limit between the dorsal and ventral regions poorly defined; light spots on axillae or groin present; a broad irregular line on the posterior surface of the thighs; a large light spot on the proximal internal surface of tibiae; a narrow light stripe surrounding the knees and reaching the middle of the tarsus. Comparisons with other species The two species with immaculate venters are E. bicolor and E. helianneae. The new species is readily distinguished from E. bicolor by the longer head (HL about 92% of HW in H. matogrosso sp.nov.; HL below 90% of HW in E. bicolor), but smaller than in E. helianneae (HL above 94% of HW in E. helianneae), by the presence of the mid-dorsal stripe from the post-cephalic dermal fold to vent (mid-dorsal stripe absent in E. bicolor, mid-dorsal stripe from the tip of snout to vent in E. helianneae), by the absence of minute light spots on dorsum and dorsal surfaces of members (present in E. helianneae), by the dorsal gray color of dorsum of the snout invading the loreal region almost to the upper lip border (loreal region conspicuously white in E. bicolor and in E. helianneae), and by the stripe on the posterior surface of thighs broad, irregular (thin, well defined in E. bicolor and in E. helianneae). All other species in the genus Elachistocleis present some type of ventral color pattern (venter immaculate in E. matogrosso sp.nov.) Description of holotype Body ovoid, head small, triangular, slightly broader than long; head length 92.8% of head width and 22.1% of SVL; head width 23.8% of SVL. Snout sub-elliptical in dorsal view, protruding in profile. Nostrils small, not protuberant, directed anterolaterally, closer to tip of snout than to eye; internarial distance smaller than the eye to nostril and interorbital distances, and larger than the eye diameter and the upper eyelid width. Canthus rostralis rounded; loreal region flat, sloping abruptly to the upper lip; lips not flared. Postcommisural gland poorly developed. Eyes small, dorsolateral, only slightly protruding. Interorbital space slightly convex, more than twice the upper eyelid width. No cranial crests. A poorly defined transversal skinfold across back of the head, bending downwards slightly behind the eyes to the shoulder; a poorly defined skinfold through dorsolateral region from the axilla to the groin. Tympanum concealed; supratympanic fold absent. Lower jaw with truncate, trilobed anterior margin. Tongue large, oval, without a notch on posterior border. Choanae large, subcircular, widely separated. Vocal slits present. Premaxillary, maxillary, and vomerine odontophores absent. Vocal sac subgular, not expanded externally. A weak skinfold crossing the chest between axillae. Arms moderately robust, no tubercles or crests on forearm; palmar tubercle large,
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divided longitudinally, twice as large than thenar tubercle; fingers slender, free, with subarticular tubercles developed, rounded; supranumerary tubercles absent; tip of fingers not flattened or expanded; terminal grooves absent. Relative lengths of fingers, 1<2<4<3. Prepollex not evident; nuptial pads or asperities absent. Legs short, robust. Thigh length shorter than tibia and foot lengths; thigh length 90.9% of tibia length. Sum of thigh and tibia lengths 67.5% of SVL; thigh length 32.15% of SVL; tibia length 35.4% of SVL. Heel of adpressed legs not reaching axilla; knee and elbow widely separated when limbs laid along the sides; heels touching when flexed legs held at right angle to body; knee and heel with a transversal skinfold; no tibial or tarsal ridges; an oval inner but no outer metatarsal tubercle; plantar tubercles absent. Toes slender, free, weakly fringed; subarticular tubercles developed, rounded; supranumerary tubercles absent; tips of toes not flattened or expanded; terminal grooves absent. Relative lengths of toes, 1<2<5<3<4. Skin on dorsum slightly rugose, smooth beneath; anal opening not modified, no para-anal tubercles.
Fig.5- Elachistocleis matogrosso sp.nov., holotype (MNRJ 4812; SVL 33.2mm), dorsal and ventral views of body, and head profile.
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U.CARAMASCHI
In preservative, dorsum and dorsal surfaces of limbs uniformly grayish brown; a middorsal longitudinal light cream stripe, from the post-cephalic dermal fold to vent; a poorly defined color limit between the dorsal and ventral regions; venter immaculate clear cream; throat grayish; few, small spots on axillae and groin; an irregular broad light cream stripe on the posterior surface of thighs; a large irregular, light cream spot on the proximal internal surface of tibiae; a light cream stripe surrounding the knees and reaching the middle of the tarsus. Measurements of holotype in mm SVL 33.2, HL 7.3, HW 7.9, IND 2.1, END 2.6, ED 1.6, UEW 1.4, IOD 3.0, HAL 6.2, THL 10.7, TL 11.7, FL 13.9. Etymology The specific name, a noun in apposition, honors both states of Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, where the species occurs. Variation Except for minor details in corporal proportions, the descripton of the holotype stands for females of the species. Size ranges from 29.0 to 33.2mm SVL and the intensity of the color of the throat can vary. The males are smaller than females, size ranging from 21.5 to 24.6mm SVL. Range, mean, and standard deviation of the measurements of the type specimens of E. matogrosso are presented in Table 5. In a few specimens the mid-dorsal stripe can be interrupted or almost absent. Geographical distribution Central Brazil, in southwestern State of Mato Grosso and northwestern State of Mato Grosso do Sul (Fig.6).
TABLE 5. Range (mm), mean (x ), and standard deviation (SD) of the measurements of the type specimens of Elachistocleis matogrosso sp.nov. (n = number of specimens).
C HARACTERS SVL HL HW IND END ED UEW IOD HAL THL TL FL
RANGE 21.5-24.6 5.0-6.1 5.55-6.6 1.3-1.8 1.9-2.3 1.3-1.5 0.8-1.4 2.3-2.7 4.5-5.3 6.9-9.5 8.3-9.85 8.8-11.8
(n = 5) x 23.0 5.5 6.05 1.6 2.1 1.4 1.1 2.4 4.9 8.4 8.9 10.2
SD 1.51 0.41 0.46 0.19 0.12 0.11 0.21 0.14 0.31 1.06 0.66 1.13
RANGE 29.0-33.2 6.2-7.3 6.3-7.9 1.4-2.1 2.1-2.6 1.5-1.6 1.15-1.4 2.5-3.0 5.1-6.2 9.7-10.7 9.8-11.7 11.6-13.9
(n = 3) x 30.6 6.65 7.1 1.8 2.4 1.6 1.2 2.75 5.5 10.2 10.65 12.6
SD 2.25 0.60 0.78 0.36 0.27 0.06 0.13 0.23 0.60 0.48 0.98 1.18
23
Fig.6- Geographic distribution of species of Elachistocleis.
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U.CARAMASCHI
DISCUSSION The confusion involving the taxonomy of Elachistocleis ovalis, E. bicolor, and E. surinamensis, the three oldest species currently in the genus Elachistocleis, was summarized by LAVILLA et al. (2003). Elachistocleis ovalis, presently considered a species inquirenda, will not affect the taxonomical composition of the genus until its actual status can be settled. Elachistocleis bicolor had its type locality convincingly restricted by LAVILLA et al. (2003) to Buenos Aires, Argentina. The species, in their conception, would encompasses frogs that, filling the characters that describe the genus Elachistocleis, had an immaculate venter and would occupy the southern part of the generic range. The authors, however, stated that frogs with this set of characters form a complex of species and their presented decision constituted an operative framework for a necessary revision (LAVILLA et al., 2003). Elachistocleis bicolor is characterized by the medium size (SVL 22.9-31.5mm in males, 27.2-35.5mm in females; RODRIGUES et al., 2003), head wider than long (head length below 90% of head width), dorsum smooth, uniformly grayish brown, without light spots nor a distinctive middle longitudinal light stripe, venter immaculate yellow or greenish yellow, a sharp color limit between the dorsal and ventral regions, no spots on axillae or groin, a thin, well defined line on the posterior surface of the thighs, and a narrow light stripe surrounding the knees and reaching the middle of the tarsus. The geographical distribution (Fig.6) comprises southwestern and southern Brazil, in the states of Mato Grosso do Sul, southern So Paulo, Paran, Santa Catarina, and Rio Grande do Sul, Paraguay (for detailed distribution see BUSQUETTI & LAVILLA, 2006), Uruguay (for detailed distribution see NEZ et al., 2004), and northern Argentina. Elachistocleis surinamensis was originally characterized by DAUDIN (1802) as having a brown belly, mottled with gray, which was also reported by KENNY (1969), RIVERO et al. (1986), CARCERELLI (1992), and MURPHY (1997); LAVILLA et al. (2003) added the presence of an evident light vertebral stripe. The type locality was originally stated as Surinam, a broad geographical concept during the XVIII-XIX centuries according to LAVILLA et al. (2003); the name bearing type, a specimen donated to Daudin by M. de Bze and probably originally deposited in the Museum Nationalle dHistoire Naturelle de Paris, is currently lost. As an operative framework for a necessary revision of this species complex represented by E. surinamensis, LAVILLA et al. (2003) considered that it would be represented by those frogs that fit the characters that describe the genus Elachistocleis, have a spotted ventral coloration, and inhabit the northern portion of the generic range, namely Trinidad, northern Venezuela, and northern Surinam. Elachistocleis cesarii was revalidated and well characterized by TOLEDO et al. (2010), who reported the geographical distribution for the species from a few localities in the states of So Paulo, Minas Gerais, and Gois, Brazil. Actually, the geographical distribution of E. cesarii (Fig.6) involves northeastern Brazil, in the states of Cear, Sergipe, and Bahia, central Brazil, in the states of Mato Grosso, Gois, and Federal District, and southeastern Brazil, in the states of Minas Gerais, Esprito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, and So Paulo. It is possible that more than one species is involved, but at first not discriminated by the used characters. The remaining species, including those described herein, have modern descriptions, defined name bearing types, and precise type localities. Elachistocleis piauiensis is distributed in the states of Piau, Maranho, Cear, and Tocantins (see map in NUNES et al., 2010, excluding
25
the locality record for So Lus, State of Maranho), and Mato Grosso (present data; Fig.6). Elachistocleis erythrogaster is restricted to the southeastern border of the Planalto das Araucrias, Serra Geral, State of Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil, at 900-1200m of altitude (FROST, 2010) (Fig.6). Elachistocleis skotogaster is known from the type locality, Los Toldos, 1100m altitude, Departamento Santa Victoria (LAVILLA et. al., 2003), and from one locality near to Isla de Caas, 800m altitude, Departamento Iruya, and two localities in the Departamento Orn, 350 and 450m altitude, all in the Provincia Salta, northern Argentina (see map in CAJADE et al., 2009, and Fig.6). Elachistocleis magnus is known from three localities in the State of Rondnia, Brazil (Fig.6). The geographic distributions of the new species are treated in the respective accounts. The present observations and descriptions contribute to a better undertanding of the composition of Elachistocleis. Notwithstanding, the actual diversity encompassed by this genus is far from known, as can be seen, only as examples, the pictures of the species, all identified as E. ovalis, presented by KENNY (1969, plate XIIIb) from Trinidad, MURPHY (1997, plate 50) from Manzanilla-Cocos Bay, Trinidad, GORZULA & SEARIS (1999, fig.63) from El Manteco, Venezuelan Guayana, DE LA RIVA et al. (2000) from Rio Seco, Santa Cruz, Bolivia, and LESCURE & MARTY (2001, p.272) from Guyane. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I deeply acknowledge Ana Maria Costa Prudente (MPEG), Hussam Zaher and Carolina Mello (MZUSP), Jlio Csar Moura Leite (MHNCI), Marcelo F. Napoli (UFBA), Renato N. Feio (MZUFV), Luciana B. Nascimento (MCNAM), W. Ronald Heyer (USNM), Guarino R. Colli (CHUNB), Clio F.B. Haddad (CFBH), and Oswaldo Luiz Peixoto (EI) for allowing examination of specimens under their care and for data access on related species. Helianne de Niemeyer photographed the holotypes. Carlos Alberto G. Cruz (MNRJ) and W. Ronald Heyer (USNM) critically read the manuscript. The Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientfico e Tecnolgico (CNPq) provided financial support. REFERENCES
BUSQUETTI, F. & LAVILLA, E.O., 2006. Lista comentada de los anfibios de Paraguay. Cuadernos de Herpetologa, 20(2):3-79. CAJADE, R.; BARRASSO, D.A. & NENDA, S.J., 2009. Amphibia, Anura, Microhylidae, Elachistocleis skotogaster: Map of geographic distribution, distribution extension, and new altitudinal records. Check List, 5(2):418-421. CARAMASCHI, U. & JIM, J., 1983. A new microhylid frog, genus Elachistocleis (Amphibia, Anura), from Northeastern Brasil. Herpetologica, 39(4):390-394. CARCERELLI, L.C., 1992. Reviso taxonmica do gnero Elachistocleis Parker, 1927. XII Congreso Latino-Americano de Zoologia e XIX Congresso Brasileiro de Zoologia, Resumos, Belm (PA):124. CUVIER, B., 1829. Le Rgne Animal Distribu dAprs son Organisation, pour servir de base a lHistoire Naturelle des Animaux et Introduction a lAnatomie Compare. Paris: Dterville et Crochard Libraires. xv + 406p. DAUDIN, F.M., 1802 (An XI). Histoire Naturelle des Rainettes, des Grenouilles et des Crapauds. Paris: Bertrandet. 108p. Bol. Mus. Nac., N.S., Zool., Rio de Janeiro, n.527, p.1-30, ago.2010
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DE LA RIVA, I.; KHLER, J.; LTTERS, S. & REICHLE, S., 2000. Ten years of research on Bolivian amphibians: updated checklist, distribution, taxonomic problems, literature and iconography. Revista Espaola de Herptologia, 14(2000):19-164. DUMRIL, A.M.C. & BIBRON, G., 1841. Erptologie Gnrale ou Histoire Naturelle Complte des Reptiles. Tome 8. Paris: Librairie Encyclopdique de Roret. ii + 792p. FITZINGER, L.J., 1826. Neue Classification der Reptilien nach ihren Natrlichen Verwandtschaften. Nebst einer Verwandtschafts-Tafel und einem Verzeichnisse der ReptilienSammlung des K. K. Zoologischen Museums zu Wien. Wien: J.G. Heubner. 66p. 1pl. FROST, D.R., 2010. Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 5.4 (8 April 2010). Eletronic Database accessible at: http://research.amnh.org/vz/herpetology/ amphibia/. American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA. Accessed: 24/IV/2010. GORZULA, S. & SEARIS, J.C., 1999 [1998]. Contributions to the herpetofauna of the Venezuelan Guayana. I. A data base. Caracas: Scientia Guayanae, 8. xviii + 270p. 129pls. GRONOVIUS, L.T., 1763. Zoophylacii Gronoviani. Fasciculus Primus exhibens Animalia Quadrupedia, Amphibia atque Pisces quae in Museo suo adservat, rite examinavit, systematice disposuit, descripsit, atque iconibus ilustravit. Lugduni Batavorum, Sumptibus Auctoris. HEYER, W.R.; RAND, A.S.; CRUZ, C.A.G.; PEIXOTO, O.L. & NELSON, C.E., 1990. Frogs of Boracia. Arquivos de Zoologia, 31(4):231-410. ICZN International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1999. International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. 4th Edition. London: International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature. xxx + 306p. KENNY, J.S., 1969. The Amphibia of Trinidad. Studies on the Fauna of Curaao and Other Caribbean Islands, 29:1-78, xv pls. KLAPPENBACH, M.A. & LANGONE, J.A., 1992. Lista sistematica y sinonimica de los anfibios del Uruguay, con comentarios y notas sobre su distribucin. Anales del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de Montevideo, 8:163-222. KWET, A. & DI BERNARDO, M., 1998. Elachistocleis erythrogaster, a new microhylid species from Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Studies on the Neotropical Fauna and Environment, 33:7-18. LANGONE, J.A., 1995. Ranas y sapos del Uruguay (reconocimiento y aspectos biolgicos). Museo A.D. Larraaga, Srie Divulgacin, 5:1-123. LAVILLA, E.O.; VAIRA, M. & FERRARI, L., 2003. A new species of Elachistocleis (Anura: Microhylidae) from the Andean Yungas of Argentina, with comments on the Elachistocleis ovalis E. bicolor controversy. Amphibia-Reptilia, 24(3):269-284. LESCURE, J. & MARTY, C., 2001 [2000]. Atlas des Amphibiens de Guyane. Paris: Patrimoines Naturels 45. 390p. LIMA, A.P.; MAGNUSSON, W.E.; MENIN, M.; ERDTMANN, L.K.; RODRIGUES, D.J.; KELLER, C. & HDL, W., 2006. Guia de Sapos da Reserva Adolpho Ducke, Amaznia Central Guide to the Frogs of Reserva Adolpho Ducke, Central Amazonia. Manaus: ttema Design Editorial. 168p. MERREM, B., 1820. Versuch eines System der Amphibien (Tentamen Systematis Amphibiorum). Marburg: J.C. Krieger. MIRANDA-RIBEIRO, A., 1920. Os engystomatideos do Museu Paulista (com um gnero e trs espcies novos). Revista do Museu Paulista, 12:281-288, 2 pls. MURPHY, J.C., 1997. Amphibians and Reptiles of Trinidad and Tobago. Malabar: Krieger
NOTES ON THE TAXONOMIC STATUS OF ELACHISTOCLEIS OVALIS... Publishing Company. xiii + 245p.
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NUNES, I.; CANEDO, C. & CARVALHO JR., R.R., 2010. Advertisement call and geographic distribution of Elachistocleis piauiensis Caramaschi & Jim, 1983 (Amphibia, Microhylidae), with notes on the presence of post-commisural gland in the genus. South American Journal of Herpetology, 5(1):30-34. NEZ, D.; MANEYRO, R.; LANGONE, J. & DE S, R.O., 2004. Distribucin geogrfica de la fauna de anfbios del Uruguay. Smithsonian Information Herpetological Service (134):1-34. RIVERO, J.A.; LANGONE, J.A. & PRIGIONI, C.M., 1986. Anfibios anuros colectados por la espedicin del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de Montevideo al Rio Caura, Estado Bolivar, Venezuela; con la descripcin de una nueva especie de Colostethus (Dendrobatidae). Comunicaciones Zoologicas del Museo de Historia Natural de Montevideo, 11(157):1-15. RODRIGUES, D.J.; LOPES, F.S & UETANABARO, M., 2003. Padro reprodutivo de Elachistocleis bicolor (Anura, Microhylidae) na Serra da Bodoquena, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil. Iheringia, Srie Zoologia, 93(4):365-371. SCHNEIDER, J.G., 1799. Historiae Amphibiorum Naturalis et Literariae. Fasciculus Primus Continens Ranas, Calamitas, Bufones, Salamandras et Hydros in Genera et Species Descriptos Notisque Suis Distinctos. Jena: Friederici Frommanni. i-xiii + 264p. SEBA, A., 1735. Locupletissimi Rerum Naturalium Thesauri Accurata Descriptio, et Iconibus Artificiosissimis Expressio, per Universsam Physices Historiam. Opus, cui, in hoc Rerum Genere, Nullum par Exstitit. Ex Toto Terrarum Orbe Collegit, Digessit, Descripsit, et Depingendum Curavit. Tomus II. Amstelaedami: J. Wetstenium, & Gul. Smith, & JanssonioWaesbergios. SHAW, G., 1802. General Zoology or Systematic Natural History. London: T. Davidson, 3:1-615. TOLEDO, L.F., 2010. A new species of Elachistocleis (Anura; Microhylidae) from the Brazilian Amazon. Zootaxa, 2496:63-68. TOLEDO, L.F.; LOEBMANN, D. & HADDAD, C.F.B., 2010. Revalidation and redescription of Elachistocleis cesarii (Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920) (Anura: Microhylidae). Zootaxa, 2418:50-60. APPENDIX ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED Elachistocleis bicolor BRAZIL: MATO GROSSO DO SUL: Bela Vista (EI 1400-1418); Bonito (CHUNB 49299); Maracaju (EI 4010-4013); Ponta Por, Inhuver (MNRJ 6955); Trs Lagoas (CFBH 1360813610). SO PAULO: Castilho (MZUSP 36500, 36501-36502); Fartura (UFBA 7956-7958); Piraju, Pedreira (MNRJ 30404,66897-66902); Tabapu (CFBH 4225). PARAN: Bituruna (MNRJ 2745, 3717, 3909, 6932-6947, 17135-17137); Bituruna, 80km from Unio da Vitria (MNRJ 48154817); Curitiba (MZUSP 13659-13661); Jaguariava (MNRJ 66159); Piraquara, Mananciais da Serra (MHNCI 1181). SANTA CATARINA: (MHNCI 1181a,b); Faxinal dos Guedes, Represa Santa Laura (MNRJ 48298); Florianpolis (MNRJ 13975-13977); Lagoa (MZUSP 12527-12528, 36384, 36385); Novo Horizonte (MZUSP 35445-35449); So Bento do Sul (MZUSP 55933); So Domingos (CFBH 3841, 3859, 4010). RIO GRANDE DO SUL: (MNRJ 2087); Bom Jesus (CFBH 18199); Emboaba (EI 5614); Gramado (MZUSP 16032-16036); Itaqui (MZUSP 0511); Osrio (MZUSP 21727); Porto Alegre (MNRJ 3658, MZUSP 21724-21726); Porto Alegre, Vila Florida, Rio Guaba (MZUSP 16055); Santo Augusto (MNRJ 6984); So Francisco de Paula (MNRJ 3654, 6973, EI 756); Severiano de Almeida, Cerro do Meio Dia (MNRJ 4518-4520); Torres (AL-MN 549); Viamo (MZUSP 64753). PARAGUAY: AMAMBAY (USNM 253204-253205). Itapa (USNM 253509, 253510-
28
U.CARAMASCHI
253516, 253517, 253518, 253519, 253520-253521, 253522-253523, 253524, 253525). CAAGUAZU: Ruta Ciudad del Este-Assuncin, Km 217 (MNRJ 66896); Puerto Bertoni (USNM 94101); Entre Independencia y Villarica, Arroio Yt (MNRJ 6975-6976); Brejo de Ipu, near Nueva Italia (MNRJ 66903). URUGUAY: ARTIGAS: Barra del Arroio Yacu (MNRJ 6982-6983). ARGENTINA: CHACO: Resistencia (MZUSP 36386). CORRIENTES: Ituzaing, Santa Tecla (MNRJ 39940-39942). TUCUMN: Tucumn (MNRJ 3462, 12490-12491). Elachistocleis bumbameuboi - BRAZIL: MARANHO: Carolina (CHUNB 51588-51590, 51649-51656). Elachistocleis carvalhoi - BRAZIL: PAR: Carajs (CHUNB 47529). Elachistocleis cesarii - BRAZIL: CEAR: Caucaia, Estao Ecolgica do Pecm (MNRJ 55891); Fortaleza, Mucuripe (MNRJ 6956-6959). SERGIPE: Brejo Grande, Fazenda Capivara (MNRJ 49529, 49532-49536). BAHIA: Barreiras (UFBA 8635-8646, 9325-9329, 9854-9859); Camaari, Arembepe (UFBA 6233-6235); Cocos (CHUNB 50142, 50146, 50171, 51551); Correntina (CHUNB 4754747548, 47550); Jaborandi (CHUNB 51009, 51013-51014); Juazeiro (UFBA 6776); Porto Seguro (UFBA 9199-9200); Riacho das Neves (CHUNB 47552); So Desidrio (CHUNB 51010-51012). DISTRITO FEDERAL: Braslia (MNRJ 7018-7019); Planaltina, Lagoa Bonita (MNRJ 18330-18331). GOIS: Alvorada do Norte (CHUNB 38038-38043); Apor, UHE Espora (MNRJ 41395-41396); Aruan (CHUNB 42710); Catalo (CHUNB 50334); Colinas do Sul (CHUNB 48336, 50333); Flores de Gois (CHUNB 38421-38428); Goinia (MNRJ 6682, 66850); Minau, UHE Serra da Mesa (MNRJ 20203-20207, MPEG 8944-8948, CHUNB 07137-07138); Mineiros (CHUNB 28126-28127); Pires do Rio (CHUNB 38686); Pontalina, Fazenda Lagoa Grande (MNRJ 32396-32398); Pontalina (MNRJ 66853, CFBH 3768); Porangatu (MNRJ 53151-53152); Rio So Miguel (MNRJ 2772); Rio Verde (CHUNB 49435); Santa Tereza (MNRJ 53149-53150); So Domingos (CHUNB 32223-32224, 35568-35576, 47527-47528, 47530); So Joo da Aliana, Jatobazinho (MNRJ 6974); Trs Ranchos (CHUNB 44730). MATO GROSSO: Barra do Tapirap (MNRJ 7021-7037); Diamantino, Fazenda So Joo, Km 200 da BR 163 (MNRJ 49659-49660); Pontes e Lacerda (MZUSP 61219). MATO GROSSO DO SUL: Xavantina, Rio Arees (MNRJ 66856). MINAS GERAIS: Abre Campo, Fazenda Cachoeira Alegre (MNRJ 43302-43306); Alto Capara (CHUNB 46259); Araguari, Fazenda Cuiab (MZUFV 2973); Andrequic, UHE Formoso (MNRJ 13891); Araponga (MZUFV 8279-8280); Astolfo Dutra, Triunfo (MCNAM 6542); Belmiro Braga, Brumadinho (MNRJ 27503); Betim (MNRJ 66849, MCNAM 2047, 13060); Botumirim, Veredas de Botumirim (MCNAM 5671); Brumadinho (MNRJ 12495); Brumadinho, Inhotim (MCNAM 13040-13044); Brumadinho, Serra da Calada (MCNAM 3684); Buritizeiro (CHUNB 44628); Caet (MCNAM 11468, MZUFV 427); Capim Branco (MCNAM 6307); Carangola (MZUFV 3782, 4824); Catas Altas, Serra do Caraa, Campinho (MNRJ 56303); Catas Altas, Serra do Caraa (MNRJ 44708, 60489-60493, 66029); Catas Altas (MCNAM 12884-12885); Chapada Gacha (CHUNB 34082-34090); Conceio do Mato Dentro, Taboleiro (MCNAM 3115); Conceio do Mato Dentro, Itacolomi (MCNAM 11767, 12114-12115, 12189, 13240); Conselheiro Mata (MCNAM 605, 3153); Divinpolis, Parque Ecolgico Gafanhoto (MCNAM 9546-9547); Esmeraldas (MCNAM 2375, MZUFV 1713); Faria Lemos, Fazenda Todos os Santos (MNRJ 41599-41601); Gro Mogol/Berilo, UHE Irap (MCNAM 3840, 6633, 9819); Guanhes (MCNAM 1092-1095, 3186); Guaraciaba, PCH Jurumirim (MZUFV 5545); Itamb do Mato Dentro (MCNAM 5670); Itumirim (MCNAM 3559); Jaboticatubas, Serra do Cip (MNRJ 45346); Januria, RPPN Porto Cajueiro (MCNAM 13425-13427); Joo Pinheiro, Fazenda Fruta Danta (MNRJ 5070550707); Joo Pinheiro, Fazenda Veredas (MNRJ 38813); Juiz de Fora, gua Limpa (MNRJ 69606961, 6971-6972); Manga, Mocambinho (MNRJ 40589, MZUFV 2838-2839); Mariana, Samitri (MZUFV 578-583); Marliria, Parque Estadual do Rio Doce (MNRJ 13980, 51092, 51093, MZUFV 4839-4840); Mocambinho, Jaba (MZUFV 2838-2839, 3029); Nova Era (MCNAM 1112); Ouro Branco, Serra do Ouro Branco (MZUFV 7102); Pains (MCNAM 7434-7435); Palmital, UHE Queimados (MCNAM 2894, 4001-4004, 5851-5853, 8981); Paracatu (MCNAM 10593, CHUNB 25365-25445, 25447-25483, 25485-25500, 26915); Paracatu/Pirapora, Linha de Transmisso (MCNAM 11012-11013); PARNA Serra do Cip (MCNAM 2697-2698, 2732, 2762,
29
2763,2779,11767); Patrocnio, Mata da Roda dgua (MCNAM 13820, 13842-13843); Peanha,
Lagoa da Serra Negra (MCNAM 1131); Periquito, Fazenda Bonaparte (MCNAM 2540); Pirapora (MNRJ 12493-12494); Pompu/Curvelo, UHE Retiro Baixo (MCNAM 1038510386, 10389, 10391, 10419); Rio Preto, PCH Mato Limpo (MCNAM 2304); RPPN Serra do Caraa (MCNAM 5796); Sacramento (CHUNB 49400); Santana do Riacho, Serra do Cip (MCNAM 1851-1854, 2458, 6955); Santa Rita de Jacutinga (MCNAM 2060); So Gonalo do Rio Abaixo (MCNAM 13725-13732); So Gonalo do Rio Preto (MCNAM 8563-8564); So Joo Nepomuceno (MNRJ 30488, 32185-32186, 49639-49642); So Jos do Goiabal (MCNAM 12843); So Jos do Mantimento/Durand, PCH Varginha e Vrzea Alegre (MCNAM 11218); Tocantins (MZUFV 7591-7592); Tombos (MZUFV 53205321); Trs Pontas (MCNAM 7871); Urucnia (MCNAM 8364); Urucuia (MNRJ 734), Viosa, UFV-Piscicultura (MZUFV 640, 8044); Viosa, UFV-Mata do Paraso (MZUFV 2525, 2531, 6138); Viosa, Stio do Fiza (MZUFV 5309). ESPRITO SANTO: Itaperuna (MNRJ 60299). RIO DE JANEIRO: Atafona (MNRJ 7978-6981); Campo Belo (AL-MN 075, 405, 407, 814, 842); Itamonte, Planalto do Itatiaia (MNRJ 13978-13979); Itaperuna (MNRJ 54366); Ldice (MNRJ 66675); So Joo da Barra (MNRJ 6968-6970). SO PAULO: Angatuba (CFBH 23136); Botucatu (EI 4403); Botucatu, Fazenda Dinucci (MNRJ 61116, MNRJ 66851); Botucatu, Fazenda Edgardia (MNRJ 66860); Botucatu, Fazenda Lageado (MNRJ 66858, 66866-66867, 66868-66869); Botucatu, Fazenda Monjolo (MNRJ 66869); Botucatu, Fazenda Santa Maria do Araqu (MNRJ 66862-66865); Campinas, Souzas (MNRJ 34698); Cubato (MZUSP 37, 2023, paralectotypes); Cubato, Raiz da Serra (MZUSP 2, two syntypes of Engystoma ovale lineata); Itirapina (CFBH 4997); Paranapiacaba, Alto da Serra (MZUSP 715, paralectotype); Pedro de Toledo (MNRJ 7020); Pers (MZUSP 36, 2024-2027, paralectotypes); Piquete (MZUSP 529, lectotype; MZUSP 264); Rio Claro (CFBH 4132-4137, 4147-4148, 4209, 4230-4231, 4233-4237, 4256-4257, 6575-6578); Rubio Jnior (MNRJ 49643, MNRJ 66854, 66855, 66859); Santo Andr (EI 1398); So Manuel, Estao Experimental de So Manoel (MNRJ 66857); So Paulo, Belm (MZUSP 38, paralectotype); So Paulo, Ipiranga (MZUSP 33, 42, 264, paralectotypes; MZUSP 41, two syntypes of Engystoma ovale concolor); So Paulo (CHUNB 47543); So Simo (EI 1396-1397); Taubat (EI 12341236); Ubatuba (CFBH 10907). Elachistocleis erythrogaster RIO GRANDE DO SUL: So Francisco de Paula, Centro de Pesquisas e Conservao da Natureza Pr-Mata (MNRJ 39098, paratype, ex-MCP 3142). Elachistocleis helianneae BOLIVIA: BENI: Guayaramerim (USNM 123964). SANTA CRUZ: Cercado (USNM 142132-142133). BRAZIL: AMAZONAS: Manaus (MNRJ 7796, MPEG 16103, MZUSP 58869-58870); Puruzinho (MZUSP 56900). PAR: Ananindeua (MPEG 3726-3728); Belm, Campus de Pesquisa do MPEG (MPEG 6353, 6875, 6929, 6930-6931, 6934, 6939, 20566); Belm (MPEG 1767; MZUSP 1113, 36473). RONDNIA: Calama (MZUSP 56901); Foz do Jamari (MZUSP 56904); Porto Velho (MNRJ 3656, MZUSP 16622-16628, 16630-16631, 16633-16639, 16519-16562, 16564-16578, 16642-16649, 16580-16619); So Carlos (MZUSP 56902-56903). MATO GROSSO: Santa Maria (MNRJ 2918). PARAGUAY: Assuncin (MNRJ 6949) [in error]. Elachistocleis piauiensis BRAZIL: PIAU: Brejo do Piau (MNRJ 42073); Castelo do Piau (MPEG 19823); Picos, BR 316, Km 312 (MNRJ 66848, holotype ex-JJ 6024; MNRJ 14253, 60086, paratypes ex-JJ 6025-6026). MATO GROSSO: Cuiab, Campus
30
U.CARAMASCHI
da UFMT (MHNCI 610); Cuiab (MNRJ 4814). Elachistocleis magnus BRAZIL: RONDNIA: Costa Marques (CHUNB 29202-29203); Pimenteiras do Oeste (CHUNB 58882). Elachistocleis matogrosso BRAZIL: MATO GROSSO: Mato Grosso (MZUSP 52105). MATO GROSSO DO SUL: Aquidauana (MNRJ 2372); Corumb, Fazenda Nhumirim (MNRJ 33045); Corumb, Passo do Lontra, Base de Estudos do Pantanal (MNRJ 4953049531); Corumb (MCNAM 7404, 7634); Coxim (MZUSP 61040-61041); Miranda (MNRJ 1858, 6964, 6965-6967, MZUSP 65107-65155); Nioaque (EI 4014); Salobra (MNRJ 6950-6954); Taunay (MNRJ 6962-6963). Elachistocleis surumu BRAZIL: RORAIMA: (MPEG 7637, 7660, 7673, 7712, 7785, 7801, 7849, 7850, 7858, 7895, 7926, 7927, 7929, 7936); Boa Vista, Fazenda Bom Intento (MPEG 1265-1267, 1269-1272, 1292); Pacaraima, Vila Surumu (MNRJ 27316). Elachistocleis sp. BRAZIL: AMAZONAS: Humait (JJ 6671-6672, MNRJ 4821). GOIS: Alto Paraso de Gois, Estrada para o PARNA Chapada dos Veadeiros (MNRJ 27742); Chapada dos Veadeiros (MNRJ 722, 6924-6931); Planalto de Gois (MNRJ 6948); Veadeiros (MNRJ 720). TOCANTINS: Porto Alegre do Tocantins (MNRJ 41397-41398). BOLIVIA: COCHABAMBA: Chapare (USNM 146599).
BOLETIM DO MUSEU NACIONAL, NOVA SRIE, ZOOLOGIA ISSN 0080-312X

Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Reitor Alosio Teixeira Museu Nacional Diretora Claudia Rodrigues Ferreira de Carvalho Editores Miguel Angel Monn Barrios, Ulisses Caramaschi Editores de rea Adriano Brilhante Kury, Ciro Alexandre vila, Claudia Petean Bove, Dbora de Oliveira Pires, Guilherme Ramos da Silva Muricy, Izabel Cristina Alves Dias, Joo Alves de Oliveira, Joo Wagner de Alencar Castro, Marcela Laura Monn Freire, Marcelo de Arajo Carvalho, Marcos Raposo, Maria Dulce Barcellos Gaspar de Oliveira, Marlia Lopes da Costa Fac Soares, Rita Scheel Ybert, Vnia Gonalves Loureno Esteves Conselho Editorial Andr Pierre Prous-Poirier (Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais), David G. Reid (The Natural History Museum - Reino Unido), David John Nicholas Hind (Royal Botanic Gardens - Reino Unido), Fbio Lang da Silveira (Universidade de So Paulo), Franois M. Catzeflis (Institut des Sciences de lvolution - Frana), Gustavo Gabriel Politis (Universidad Nacional del Centro - Argentina), John G. Maisey (Americam Museun of Natural History - EUA), Jorge Carlos Della Favera (Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro), J. Van Remsen (Louisiana State University - EUA), Maria Antonieta da Conceio Rodrigues (Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro), Maria Carlota Amaral Paixo Rosa (Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro), Maria Helena Paiva Henriques (Universidade de Coimbra - Portugal), Maria Marta Cigliano (Universidad Nacional La Plata - Argentina), Miguel Trefaut Rodrigues (Universidade de So Paulo), Miriam Lemle (Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro), Paulo A. D. DeBlasis (Universidade de So Paulo), Philippe Taquet (Museum National dHistoire Naturelle Frana), Rosana Moreira da Rocha (Universidade Federal do Paran), Suzanne K. Fish (University of Arizona - EUA), W. Ronald Heyer (Smithsonian Institution - EUA) Normalizao Edson Vargas da Silva Diagramao e arte-final Lia Ribeiro Indexao Biological Abstracts, ISI Thomson Scientific, Ulrichs International Periodicals Directory, Zoological Record, NISC Colorado, Periodica, C.A.B. International Tiragem 600 exemplares Disponvel em: <http://www.publicacao.museunacional.ufrj.br> Biblioteca/MN, e-mail: mnbib@acd.ufrj.br
MUSEU NACIONAL Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Quinta da Boa Vista, So Cristvo 20940-040 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil Impresso: SERMOGRAF Artes Grficas e Editora Ltda Petrpolis, RJ

Elachistocleis Bol+Mus+Nac+Zool Chi 2010

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BOLETIM DO MUSEU NACIONAL

NOVA SRIE RIO DE JANEIRO - BRASIL

NOTES ON THE TAXONOMIC STATUS OF ELACHISTOCLEIS OVALIS...

NOTES ON THE TAXONOMIC STATUS OF ELACHISTOCLEIS OVALIS...

NOTES ON THE TAXONOMIC STATUS OF ELACHISTOCLEIS OVALIS...

NOTES ON THE TAXONOMIC STATUS OF ELACHISTOCLEIS OVALIS...

C HARACTERS SVL HL HW IND END ED UEW IOD HAL THL TL FL

NOTES ON THE TAXONOMIC STATUS OF ELACHISTOCLEIS OVALIS...

POSIO TAXONMICA DAS VARIEDADES DE B. EPHIPPIUM...

CHARACTERS SVL HL HW IND END ED UEW IOD HAL THL TL FL

NOTES ON THE TAXONOMIC STATUS OF ELACHISTOCLEIS OVALIS...

NOTES ON THE TAXONOMIC STATUS OF ELACHISTOCLEIS OVALIS...

C HARAC TERS SVL HL HW IND END ED UEW IOD HAL THL TL FL

NOTES ON THE TAXONOMIC STATUS OF ELACHISTOCLEIS OVALIS...

NOTES ON THE TAXONOMIC STATUS OF ELACHISTOCLEIS OVALIS...

NOTES ON THE TAXONOMIC STATUS OF ELACHISTOCLEIS OVALIS...

C HARACTERS SVL HL HW IND END ED UEW IOD HAL THL TL FL

NOTES ON THE TAXONOMIC STATUS OF ELACHISTOCLEIS OVALIS...

Fig.6- Geographic distribution of species of Elachistocleis.

NOTES ON THE TAXONOMIC STATUS OF ELACHISTOCLEIS OVALIS...

NOTES ON THE TAXONOMIC STATUS OF ELACHISTOCLEIS OVALIS...

2763,2779,11767); Patrocnio, Mata da Roda dgua (MCNAM 13820, 13842-13843); Peanha,

BOLETIM DO MUSEU NACIONAL, NOVA SRIE, ZOOLOGIA ISSN 0080-312X

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