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UNIT B - Chapter 4

Water Resources

Lesson Title
A Watery Planet

p. 112

Oceans and Seas

p. 113

Fresh Water on Earth

p. 114, 115

Rivers and Reservoirs

p. 122, 123

Groundwater

p. 124, 125

Cleaning Waste Water

p. 128, 129

Experiments
You'll use the following:
two clear glasses - lid or saran wrap for one of them
ice cubes and water
fresh leaves
a non-porous table top or other surface, like formica
1. Have students verify that the both glasses are dry, inside and out, and that the
table top you will set them on is dry.

Fill one glass nearly full with ice cubes and water, and set it on the
non-porous
surface.

Have students discuss for a few moments what they think might
happen to
the outside of the glass and the area around its base.

After enough time has elapsed, lift glass and have students check the
table top. Moisture should have appeared. (condensation)

Empty glass and let it sit. Later check it and let students verify that it
is
now dry, but you didn't actually dry it. The air did! (evaporation)

2. Discuss the three states of water - solid, liquid, and gas.

Where is there solid water?

Where is there liquid water?

Where was water in the state of gas, before the water appeared on
the table top? (water vapor in the air)

3. Do second experiment by putting leaves into the second glass and covering
the glass.

Tell students they are going to do a worksheet, and while they are
working on it they should look from time to time at the second glass
and see what is happening.

Eventually the second glass will start fogging up. Discuss with class.

If enough time elapses and there is enough moisture in the leaves,


condensation might become sufficient on the glass cover to start to
fall. Discuss.

A Watery
Planet

Your Name

___________________________________________

Today's Date

__________________________________________

PRE-STUDY - Use the words below to correctly complete the following sentences.

vapor

three

water

ice

warm

There are __________________ states of water:

solid - We call water that is frozen into a solid state _________________.


liquid - The liquid state of water is so familiar that we just call it

____________________.

gas - When it's very __________________ , water changes from a liquid to a gas

and

is called water __________________________.


Page 112
1. How does water make earth different from other planets?
______________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
2.

Can there be water in rocks and the soil we walk on? _______________

3.

Is there water in the air that we breathe? ___________________

4.

What state of water forms clouds? __________________________________

5. What would happen if people, animals, and plants could not get water?
___________________
-

Oceans and Seas


Page 113
6. Water that flows over land and ends up in the ocean is called
____________________________.
7.

Salt is a dissolved mineral that is carried in runoff by __________________________ and


streams to the oceans.

8. ____________________ and seas have a salinity (salt content) of 3.5%, too _____________
to drink.
Label each picture with the state of water that it represents - solid, liquid, or gas.

Fresh Water
on Earth

Your Name

___________________________________________

Today's Date

__________________________________________

Pages 114 and 115


1.

Write the two reasons that only 1% of earth's water is available for humans to use.

First, salt water is 97% of


_______________________________________________________

Second, ______________________________________________________________________

2. Where would you find surface water? ________________________ ,


______________________ ,
and __________________________
3.

How do people get groundwater?

They ____________________ holes or drill down to the groundwater.

Then they have to ______________________ the water up to the surface.

4. Is all fresh water usable for drinking? ______________ Explain.


_________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________

Fresh Water from the Sea


Page 116
5.

Desalination means to remove ____________________ from ______________________.

6.

Using heat to desalinate water is called ___________________________________________.

7.

Forcing water through a thin membrane (like a nylon cloth) to filter out the salt is
called __________________________________.

Matching Self-quiz

Draw a line from the term to the phrase that best describes it.
When you're sure all your answers are correct, write the letter
of the correct answer in the space provided.

_____ vapor

a. to remove salt from water

_____ ice

b. water that is safe to drink

_____ desalinate

c. the name of water in its gaseous state

_____ distillation

d. a form of water in its solid state

_____ clouds
to the ocean
_____ runoff
_____ fresh water
fresh water

e. water that starts on land and flows


f. would die without water
g. using heat to change salt water to

_____ mammals, animals,


state
and plants

h. an example of water in its gaseous

Rivers and
Reservoirs

Your Name

___________________________________________

Today's Date

__________________________________________

Pages 122 and 123


A. After reading those pages, explain the solution to these three problems:
Solution
Problem 1 - Californians need water to
drink.

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Solution
Problem 2 - Rain mostly falls in California
between October and April, so we need
to store water.

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Solution
Problem 3 - People need many sources of
electricity.

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_

B. Look at the diagram at the bottom of those pages; fill in the blanks with words that
best complete the
following sentences.
1. In the illustrated man-made system, what is the source (the beginning place) of the
water people
will use? _________________________________________
2. Our homes, industries, and farms get water through a special system of channels,
pipelines,
and tunnels, which is called an ___________________________________.
3. Some farms also get water for irrigation by digging or drilling a
________________________.
4.

Judging from the picture, the source of most of the water in the river is probably the

runoff of melted ________________________ from the


__________________________________.
5.

The picture shows two ______________________________ stations.

6.

Most of the aqueduct is located under _____________________________ .


-

Write whether each of the following is usually man-made or natural?


a. __________________________ rivers

b. __________________________ aqueducts

c. __________________________ runoff

d. __________________________ snow pack

e. __________________________ dams
systems

f. __________________________ irrigation

g. _____________________________________________ reservoirs (tricky answer)

Groundwater
Your Name

___________________________________________

Today's Date

__________________________________________

Pages 124 and 125


As you read pages 124 and 125, think about the actions of water and the resulting
effects. Finish the
chart below using the information you read.

Cause

Effect

A. An aquifer is usually sand,


gravel and other loosely
packed rock.

___________________ can easily

B. There are cracks in the


rocks
and spaces between rocks
that water can seep into.

The ground is said to be


____________________________
when all the spaces are
____________________ .

C. Sometimes there is heavy


rainfall.

____________ through an aquifer.

The surface layer of water,


called
the _______________
_____________,
will then go _________ (rise).

D. Sometimes dry seasons


and/or pumping will
decrease
the amount of water in the
ground.

Then the water table will go

E. There are a lot of farms in


the
San Joaquin Valley that
need
ground water.

They pump

F. Sometimes too much water

_______________ (sink).

___________________water

up to the _____________________.

Wells can go _______________

is pumped from the


ground.

and sometimes even the land


can
____________________ (go down).

Cleaning
Waste Water

Your Name

___________________________________________

Today's Date

__________________________________________

Pages 128 and 129


Study the diagram for cleaning water. Once you understand the process, answer the
following questions.
1.

At which two steps in the cleaning process, are solid materials removed from the
sewage water? ______________________________ and _________________________________

2. If you walked near a sewage treatment plant, even if you couldn't see the plant,
how might
you know it was there anyway?
_____________________________________________________
3. What is the last step in the cleaning process?
__________________________________________
4. What is there about the water supply that makes recycling water so important?
___________
__________________________________________________________________________________
-

Conserving Water
Page 136
5. What is one way to use water wisely in irrigation?
______________________________________
7. What is another name for recycling water?
_____________________________________________
6. How is reclaimed water frequently used?
______________________________________________

Word Search - In the word search below find the following terms:
aqueduct
desalination
ground water
water reclamation
precipitation

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aquifer

conservation

reservoir
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