Adam Freilich Psych Period 7 Chapters 1 & 2 Outlines

3/25/12 McNickle

Chapter 1 Hindsight bias Paul Slovic and Baruch Fischhoff A posteriori reasoning Richard Goranson anagrams Prediction of behavior Robert Vallone survey of students 84% confident in prediction 71% accurate results Critical thinking smart thinking Scientific theory explains concepts using an integrated set of principles that organizes and predicts behaviors or events must produce testable predictions hypotheses checking biases operational definitions limit concepts allow for replication of experiment Case study a study on an individual or small group in great depth in the hope of revealing things true of us all tend to be used for rare occurrences Survey large sample size less in depth correlation causation wording effect wording of a question can lead to different answers random sampling we are predisposed to a bias of like minds known as false consensus effect one in every x people of the population population group that is being studied Naturalistic observation describes not explains behavior Footer 1

Adam Freilich Psych Period 7 Chapters 1 & 2 Outlines

3/25/12 McNickle

study in natural setting and environment no subject bias Scatterplots increase determination of correlation Illusory correlation a perceived nonexistence correlation Notes on biases Double-blind procedure enables researchers to check a treatment's effects apart from the participants enthusiasm creates experimental condition to compare to a control condition Placebo effect belief in effectiveness of a treatment, regardless of true impact Standard deviation most useful standard for measurement the measurement of the deviation between scores uses information from each individual score Chapter 2 Neurons dendrite fibers that receive and conduct information axon fibers that pass messages along to neurons myelin sheath insulates axons increases impulse speed action potential electrical charge that travels down axons threshold the minimum intensity to trigger signals Communication of Neurons synapse the space between the axon and receiving terminal of two neurons neurotransmitters chemical messengers released by neurons Neurotransmitters Acetylcholine aids learning and memory main messenger neuron endorphins Footer 2

Adam Freilich Psych Period 7 Chapters 1 & 2 Outlines natural opiates released in response to pain drugs alter neurotransmitter behavior Nervous system body's electrochemical information network Central Nervous System brain and spinal cord Peripheral Nervous System links CNS with body's sense receptors, muscles, and glands nerves electric cables that carry PNS information neurons sensory send information from the body tissue to CNS motor sends instructions out to body interneurons internal communication of CNS PNS somatic nervous system voluntary control of skeletal muscles autonomic nervous system controls glands and muscles of internal organs sympathetic nervous system fight or flight parasympathetic nervous system balances out stress CNS reflexes automatic response to stimuli neural networks neuron clusters Endocrine System interconnected with nervous system second means of internal communication hormones chemical messengers adrenal gland secrets adrenaline pituitary gland Footer

3/25/12 McNickle

Adam Freilich Psych Period 7 Chapters 1 & 2 Outlines

3/25/12 McNickle

most influential secretes hormones that influence growth and secretion of other hormones Brain recording it electroencephalogram amplified reading of brainwaves Positron emission tomography scan shows brain consumption of glucose Magnetic Resonance Imaging scans snapshot created by disorientating atoms FMRI active image brainstem begins where spinal cord enters skull medulla slight swelling at base of brainstem reticular formation finger shaped network of neurons that extends from the spinal cord to the thalamus thalamus sensory switchboard cerebellum enables certain types of learning and memory Limbic system amygdala influences aggression and fear hypothalamus bodily maintenance duties Cerebral cortex body's ultimate control and information processing center Glial cells guide neural connections frontal lobes parietal lobes occipital lobes temporal lobes motor cortex controls body right to left and left to right sensory cortex Footer 4

Adam Freilich Psych Period 7 Chapters 1 & 2 Outlines controls the senses and sensations of a person association areas areas for integrating information Broca's area controls language expression Wernicke's area controls language reception corpus callosum wide band of axons connecting two hemispheres

3/25/12 McNickle

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