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The companies mentioned are the leaders in their respective sectors. The personal care category has the largest number of brands, i.e., 21, inclusive of Lux, Lifebuoy, Fair and Lovely, Vicks, and Ponds. There are 11 HLL brands in the 21, aggregating Rs. 3,799 crore or 54% of the personal care category. Cigarettes account for 17% of the top 100 FMCG sales, and just below the personal care category. ITC alone accounts for 60% volume market share and 70% by value of all filter cigarettes in India. The foods category in FMCG is gaining popularity with a swing of launches by HLL, ITC, Godrej, and others. This category has 18 major brands, aggregating Rs. 4,637 crore. Nestle and Amul slug it out in the powders segment. The food category has also seen innovations like softies in ice creams, chapattis by HLL, ready to eat rice by HLL and pizzas by both GCMMF and Godrej Pillsbury. This category seems to have faster development than the stagnating personal care category. Amul, India's largest foods company, has a good presence in the food category with its ice-creams, curd, milk, butter, cheese, and so on. Britannia also ranks in the top 100 FMCG brands, dominates the biscuits category and has launched a series of products at various prices. In the household care category (like mosquito repellents), Godrej and Reckitt are two players. Goodknight from Godrej, is worth above Rs 217 crore, followed by Reckitt's Mortein at Rs 149 crore. In the shampoo category, HLL's Clinic and Sunsilk make it to the top 100, although P&G's Head and Shoulders and Pantene are also trying hard to be positioned on top. Clinic is nearly double the size of Sunsilk. Dabur is among the top five FMCG companies in India and is a herbal specialist. With a turnover of Rs. 19 billion (approx. US$ 420 million) in 2005-2006, Dabur has brands like Dabur Amla, Dabur Chyawanprash, Vatika, Hajmola and Real. Asian Paints is enjoying a formidable presence in the Indian sub-continent, Southeast Asia, Far East, Middle East, South Pacific, Caribbean, Africa and Europe. Asian Paints is India's largest paint company, with a turnover of Rs.22.6 billion (around USD 513 million). Forbes Global magazine, USA, ranked Asian Paints among the 200 Best Small Companies in the World. Cadbury India is the market leader in the chocolate confectionery market with a 70% market share and is ranked number two in the total food drinks market. Its popular brands include Cadbury's Dairy Milk, 5 Star, Eclairs, and Gems. The Rs.15.6 billion (USD 380 Million) Marico is a leading Indian group in consumer products and services in the Global Beauty and Wellness space. There is a huge growth potential for all the FMCG companies as the per capita consumption of almost all products in the country is amongst the lowest in the world. Again the demand or prospect could be increased further if these companies can change the consumer's mindset and offer new generation products. Earlier, Indian consumers were using non-branded apparel, but today, clothes of different brands are available and the same consumers are willing to pay more for branded quality clothes. It's the quality, promotion and innovation of products, which can drive many sectors.
A 1 2 3 B 1 2 3 C 1 2 3 D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 E 1 2 3 4 5
6
Liquidity Ratios Current Ratio Quick Ratio Absolute Cash Ratio Leverage Ratios Debt-Equity Ratio Debt- Asset Ratio Interest Coverage Ratio Turnover Ratios Debtors Turnover Ratio Fixed Assets Turnover Ratio Total Assets Turnover Ratio Profitability Ratios Gross Profit Margin Ratio Net Profit Margin Ratio EBITDA Margin Operating Expense ratio Return on Capital Employed Return on Total Assets Return on Equity Valuation Ratios EPS (Basic and Diluted) Price-Earnings Ratio Book Value of Share Dividend per Share Dividend Yield Ratio Dividend Payout Ratio
Liquidity R a atios
Definition: Current Ratio
2011
2010
1.18
10183.97 8562.78
1.01
8127.92 8049.08
Quick Ratio
0.574
10183.97
5267.53 8562.78
0.45
Cash Ratio
0.262
2243.24 8562.78
0.14
= 1126.28 8049.08
Current ratio The current ratio of 1.18 times says that the company is in relatively good short-term financial standings. Also, the ratio has increased over the last year. The ratio is an indication of a company's ability to meet short term debt obligations; the higher the ratio, the more liquid the company is. The reason why the ratio increases mainly is because of a more than proportionate increase of the Current Assets when compared to the Current Liabilities. Industry average: 0.41 Considering the industry average of the FMCG companies, it is evident that ITC is doing an excellent job of maintaining liquidity. Therefore this is a sign of a company in good financial health.
Quick ratio The small Quick ratio, i.e. 0.57 times says that the company's financial strength is not so strong. In general, a quick ratio of 1 or more is accepted by most creditors; however, quick ratios vary greatly from industry to industry and ITC does not have as such any worries in getting creditors. ITC has strong financial positions in many other aspects. The company has also shown an increasing trend in the liquidity ratio over the years. The current assets (less inventories) have again increased more than proportionately reflecting in an increasing liquidity ratio. Also it can be noticed that the ratio has increased from previous where the value was 0.45. Industry average - 0.26 Considering the industry average, we see that ITC has been doing really well relatively. As quick ratios vary significantly depending on the industry, comparing the industry average with ITCs ratio makes ITCs financial health look strong and on a growth path. Cash ratio The cash ratio of 0.26 times says that the company is not in the position to very quickly liquidate its assets and cover short-term liabilities. But there is no such liquidity need for the company and so the small value of the ratio has no such important implications. (The ratio is of interest to short-term creditors). The absolute cash ratio follows more or less the same trend as the other two liquidity measures. The increase again is because of a more than proportionate increase in the cash items (and near cash items) of ITC Limited. But the ratio has almost doubled from last years results i.e. 0.14. This means that even though it is on the lower side, ITC will be able to liquidate more easily.
LEVERAGE RATIOS
These are Structural Ratios are based on the proportions of debt and equity in the financial structure of the firm.
Debt Ratios
Definition: Debt(Shareholders fund + Loan funds) Assets
2010
0.63
16052.47 25417.1
0.616
14172.09 23006.18
Earnings Before Interest and Taxes Interest Expense Schedule 17, Page 107
123.6
7209.84 58.32
81.4
5942.31 73
Debt/Equity Ratio
0.006
99.20 15953.27
0.007
107.71 14064.38
NA
NA
DEBT EQUITY RATIO The debt-to-equity ratio offers one of the best pictures of a company's leverage. The higher the figure, the higher is the leverage the company enjoys. The ratio of 0.006 times, which means that the company has not been aggressive in financing its growth with debt. Thus its earnings are stable. The company has better support from the shareholders. The ratio has come down from the previous year which was pegged at 0.007. Over the years, ITC Limited has shown a mix-match of the debt-equity ratio.
TURNOVER RATIOS Turnover Ratios measure the asset management efficiency of the company.
Turnover ratios
2011
2010
Sales Inventory
5.81
30604.39 5267.53
5.77
26259.60 4549.07
Net Sales Fixed Assets Schedule 6 Pg.86 Net Sales Average Total Assets
2.2
21167.58 9678.47
1.98
18153.19 9151.39
1.25
21167.58 16854.32
1.21
18153.19 14957.10
1.05
16854.32 15,953.27
1.06
14957.10 14064.38
62.82
365 5.81
63.25
365 5.77
23.33
21167.58 907.2
21.15
18153.19 858.07
15.64
365 23.33
17.25
365 21.15
Inventory turnover ratio: This ratio is used to measure how quickly a company is selling its inventory. A high inventory turnover ratio shows that a company may be losing out on potential sales because it does not keep enough stock. The ratio of 5.81 times signifies that the company is efficient in selling its stocks. Also the ratio has grown more since the last year, making ITC more efficient. Industry Average: 5.44 Also it is noticed that ITC has a slightly higher ratio as compared to the industry average, which also supports the fact that they have efficient operations, and they do not suffer from stock outs. Debtors Turnover Ratio: This ratio shows how many times sundry debtors turn over during the year. The higher the ratio better is the efficiency of credit management. The ratio of 23.33 times signifies that the company is getting good returns and has no visible risk but benefits out of its debtors. The ratio has increased from previous years 21.15. Industry Average: 5.55 Considering the industry average for receivables turnover ratio, ITC is far exceeding the standards and is doing extremely well. Average Collection Period The debt collection period of 15.64 days is quiet good and the company is efficient in getting back its dues.It indicates the number of days; worth of credit sales that is locked in sundry debtors. Also it is noticed that the no. of days since the last year have come down. In 2010 it was 17.25, which remains a good sign for ITC. Creditors turnover Ratio is not calculated as there are no Credit Purchases. Fixed Assets Turnover ratio: It measures sales per rupee of investment in fixed assets. This ratio measures the efficiency with which fixed assets are employed. A higher ratio indicates a high degree of efficiency in asset utilization and a low ratio reflects inefficient use of assets. The ratio of 2.2 times signifies that the company is very efficiently utilizing its fixed assets for generating sales revenue. Also an increase in the ratio is observed since the last years value of 1.98 which shows higher utilization. Industry average: 0.38 This shows that ITC is doing relatively well, as compared to its counterparts in the industry. Total Assets Turnover ratio:
2011
2010
34.33
726816 21167.58
33.1
601531
18153.19
ROTA Ratio
0.29
4987.61
0.27
4061.00
16854.32
14957.10
0.312
4987.61
0.288
4061.00
15953.27
14064.38
1.81
30604.39 16854.32
1.75
26259.60 14957.10
EBITDA ratio
0.374
7924.15 21167.58
0.36
6624.02 18153.19
0.23
4987.61 21167.58
0.22
4061.00
18153.19
Gross Profit Margin The ratio between the profit before interest and taxes (equal to the operating income, in our case) to that of the sales for the given period during which the profit has been earned is a measure of the profitability of the company for that period. The Profit margin of 34.33% is quiet impressive and the company is making good profits. ITC Limited has done well in the last few years and has continuously reported higher and higher profit every subsequent time. The sales of the company have also experienced a similar trend that has led to the expansion of profit. Because the growth in the two components has nearly been equal, the ratio between them has not changed significantly. Last year the margin was 33.1%, therefore there has been a slight improvement in the profit margins. Industry Average: 13.39 Considering the industry average margin, it is observed that ITC has a significant higher margin. This also indicates that the company is making higher amounts of profit.
Net Profit Margin Ratio PAT or the profit after tax is directly correlated with the profit before tax. The interest component is the sole parameter that can differentiate the trend followed by the ratio above and this one. The net margin of 23% is quiet impressive, and the company is performing well. PAT for ITC Limited, like PBIT, has shown an upward trend. The financing decisions and also the tax have altered the overall impact on the profitability of the company. The percentage has also improved since last years 22% showing an upward trend. Industry Average: 26.4% We also observe that as per the industry standards, ITC is some notches below. This could mean that ITC needs to take some corrective measures. Return on Total Assets: The return on Total Assets is yet another method of calculating the return of the company. This is calculated by taking the ratio between the PBIT (Profit before Interest and Taxes) to the Total Assets of the company. Earning power of the company, i.e. 29% is quiet good and the company is doing well. Even last year in 2010, ITC had a ROTA of 27%. Industry Average: 25.7% ITC Ltd. also exceeds the industry standards of 25.7% but quite a margin, therefore suggesting that the company is getting good returns on the assets that have been invested.
VALUATION RATIO
Market Ratios
Definition: Earnings per Share (EPS) Ratio
2011
2010
6.49
4987.61 7680673807
5.33
4061 7611844333
Price-Earnings Ratio
34.8
226 6.49
30.01
160 5.33
10.71
226 21.1
8.46
160 18.9
21.1
16854.32647.98
18.9
14957.10549.33 7611844333
7680673807
Earnings Per Share: Earnings per share, as it is called, are a company's profit after tax (PAT) divided by its number of outstanding (equity) shares. It is therefore measured as the portion of a company's profit allocated to each outstanding share of common stock. EPS serves as an indicator of a company's profitability. In comparison to the face value of Re.1/share the EPS of Rs.6.49 is very good. Also the company has done better as compared to last years value of Rs.5.51. The industry average remains at 8.61. Therefore ITC offers less EPS as per the industry, but still does a decent job the ratio. Price-Earnings Ratio: Price-Earnings ratio is a measure of the price paid for a share relative to the income or profit earned by the firm per share. A higher P/E ratio means that investors are paying more for each unit of income. ITC has a PE ratio of 34.8, which means that the shares of ITC might not be very attractive. Industry Average: 8.87 As already mentioned, ITCs shares might not be very attractive to investors. As seen by the industry standards also, ITCs PE ratio is extremely high.
Book Value per Share: BV is considered to be the accounting value of each share, drastically different than what the market is valuing the stock at. The book value, i.e. Rs.21.1 is far higher than the face value of each share, i.e. Re.1.00. Here diluted value in considering numbers of shares is not considered. Market to Book Value ratio The book-to-market ratio attempts to identify undervalued or overvalued securities by taking the book value and dividing it by market value. In basic terms, if the ratio is above 1 then the stock is undervalued; if it is less than 1, the stock is overvalued. For ITC the value is 10.71 which makes the shares really undervalued. Also as compared to last year the undervaluing has increased.
Yield Ratio
Definition: Dividend Yield Ratio
2011
2010
1.96
4.45*100 226
6.25
10.00*100 160
68.56
4.45*100 6.49
187.6
10.00*100 5.33
PE 14.5
The rise in excise duty will have a negative impact on FMCG companies, which FMCG companies will
pass on to consumer. Budget imposed an additional ad-valorem excise on cigarettes, while keeping the fixed rate structure constant. The additional levy is at the rate of 10 per cent on 50 per cent of retail selling price (MRP), which effectively works out to 5 per cent of MRP. This additional levy is on cigarettes above 65mm of length, which covers almost the entire cigarette portfolio of ITC. ITC may go for medication of length of some of its lower-end brands (reduce the length to sub-65mm) to avoid the additional levy on some part of its portfolio. The increase in excise duty on bidis and cigarettes would narrow the price gap for cigarette products, which is positive for ITC. However, ad valorem imposition is a negative development for the cigarette industry. The budget was neutral for the FMCG sector. Even, increase in tax slab will not yield much, as it will just give Rs 2000 more in the hands of consumer. Bad news is the rise in excise duty by 200 bps to 12 per cent will bring future margin pressure on FMCG sector, which is already under pressure due to input price inflation. But the sector will go for necessitate price hike.
References
http://www.rediff.com/business/report/budget-2012-sector-fmcg-prices-may-rise/20120317.htm http://www.itcportal.com/about-itc/ http://www.investopedia.com/terms/ http://www.reuters.com/finance/stocks/financialHighlights?symbol=ITC.NS http://www.moneycontrol.com/financials/itc/ratios/ITC http://money.livemint.com/IID64/F100875/Financial/Ratios/Company.aspx