UST Law Review

Style Guide






US1 LAW RLVILW

S1YLL GUIDL


1ABLL OI CON1LN1S


I. IN1RODUC1ION

II. LLGAL CI1A1IONS

III. DIRLC1 QUO1A1IONS

IV. ABBRLVIA1IONS & ACRONYMS

V. IORM & S1YLL
















UST Law Review
Style Guide


CHAP1LR J
IN1RODUC1ION


Utility, more than the sta's ascination with aesthetics spurred the birth o the US1 Law
Reiew Style Guide. Since, its reial in A.\. 2003-2004, the US1 Law Reiew sta has
constantly aced arious questions o orm and style in the drating and editing o articles
and other material. 1his led the sta to gather dierent rules on orm and style or editorial
guidance.

1he Guide hopes to achiee three purposes. lirst, it is intended to be a tool in achieing
consistency or uniormity in the presentation o articles. Second, it integrates inormal rules
on orm and style culled by the sta. Lastly, the Guide likewise hopes to eleate the journal
to the status o a reader-riendly publication without sacriicing scholarly quality. 1he Guide
codiies the irst rules on orm and citations compiled by the sta and likewise incorporates
additional rules on quotations, abbreiations and acronyms.


























UST Law Review
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CHAP1LR II
LLGAL CI1A1IONS


RULL J CONS1I1U1IONS

1he Constitution is cited by reerence to article, section and paragraph. \hen the
Constitution is no longer in orce, put the year in parenthesis.

avte.:
CONS1. art. VII, 11, 2.
CONS1. ,1935,, art. III, 1, 3.

I a Constitution o a oreign country,

avte:
U.S. CONS1. art. 1.


RULL 2 CODLS AND S1A1U1LS

CODLS

As a general rule, cite the name o the particular code, article number or section number ,i
any, without any indication o date. But when the code is no longer in orce or has been
subsequently reised, put the year o eectiity in parenthesis.

avte.:
CIVIL CODL, art. 15.
CIVIL CODL ,1889,, art. 6.

1he ollowing is a list o Philippine Codes and how they are cited:

Ciil Code....................CIVIL CODL
Code o Commerce..................COMMLRCIAL CODL
lamily Code....................lAMIL\ CODL
lire Code......................lIRL CODL
Insurance Code...................INS. CODL
Intellectual Property Code..............IN1LLLLC1UAL PROP. CODL
Labor Code................... LABOR CODL
Land 1ransportation & 1raic Code..........1RANSP. & 1RAllIC CODL
Local Goernment Code..............LOCAL GOV1. CODL
Muslim Code o Personal Laws............MUSLIM CODL
National Building Code...............BLDG. CODL
National Internal Reenue Code...........1AX CODL
Omnibus Llection Code...............LLLC1. CODL
Reised Administratie Code............RLV. ADM. CODL
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Reised Penal Code..................RLV. PLN. CODL
1ari and Customs Code................1ARIll CODL
\ater Code....................\A1LR CODL

S1A1U1LS

vitiat citatiov or statutes: ull title}, statute number}, subdiisions} ,year},.

avte:
An Act Penalizing the Making o Drawing and Issuance o a Check \ithout
Suicient lunds or Credit and or Other Purposes, Batas Pambansa Blg. 22, 6
,198,.

vb.eqvevt citatiov or statutes: abbreiated statute number}, subdiisions}.

avte:
B.P. 22, 6.


RULL 3 CASLS

SUPRLML COUR1

Generally: Ca.e ^ave, Volume Number} Reporter} 1
st
page}, cited page, do not
include or initial citation. loweer, i author consistently cites the page een in his initial
citation, this may be allowed} ,year},.

avte.:
1ataa r. Carcia, ]r., 243 SCRA 436 ,1995,.
a. at 456.
1ataa, 243 SCRA at 456.

I an aaravce .beet containing the decision is used: Ca.e ^ave}, G.R. Number}, Date}.

avte.:
.gav et at. r. P.1CO et at., G.R. No. 155001, May 5, 2003.
.gav, G.R. No. 155001 at 5.

.aravce .beet. are only used when the reported ersions hae not yet been published.


O1HLR COUR1S
J


Ca.e ^ave}, Volume Number} Reporter, usually the Court o Appeals Reports or the
Oicial Gazette} 1
st
page}, cited page, do not include or the initial citation} ,Court}
\ear},.

1
For additional rules, See the Philippine Manual of Legal Citations.
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Style Guide


avte:
Peote r. Cottavte., 3 O.G. 1804 ,Court o Appeals 1926,.

ADMINIS1RA1IVL DLCISIONS

Cite by the name o the agency ,when there is an abbreiated orm, use abbreiation or
acronym,, case number and date o promulgation.

avte:
1ivio r. Diov, DLNR Case No. 234, April 24, 196.


RULL 4 LXLCU1IVL AND LLGISLA1IVL MA1LRIALS

LXLCU1IVL AND ADMINIS1RA1IVL MA1LRIALS

As a general rule, issuing agency}, title}, oicial source}, page}, and date}.

avte:
Bureau o Internal Reenue, Reenue Memorandum Circular No. 3-93, 89 O.G.
446, Aug. 9, 2003.

LLGISLA1IVL MA1LRIALS

As a general rule, title}, legislature}, session} date o session} in publication, i any}
subdiision} ,date},.

avte:
S 2404, 9
th
Cong, 2d Sess ,April 13, 1982,, in 128 Cong Rec S 091 ,April 20, 1982,.

Covvittee or vbcovvittee Reort.: title o the report}, S or lR} Rep No. xx, xxth Cong, x
Sess page} ,year},.

avte:
Martin Luther King, Jr. lederal loliday Commission, lR Rep No 98-893, 98
th

Cong, 2d Sess 4 ,1984,.

Covvittee or vbcovvittee earivg.: title, including bill number and committee name}, xxth
Cong, x Sess page} ,year},.

avte:
Serice Industries Commerce Deelopment Act o 1982, learings on lR 5519
beore the Subcommittee on Commerce, 1ransportation and 1ourism o the louse
Committee on Lnergy and Commerce, 9
th
Cong, 2d Sess 69 ,1982, ,Statement o
Gordon J. Cloney, II, Chamber o Commerce o the United States,.


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Style Guide

RULL S BOOKS AND 1RLA1ISLS

Generally cited as: olume ,i more than one,, author ,initial o irst name and surname,, title
o book, page, section or paragraph, edition, and date in parenthesis.

avte.:
2 O. lLRRLRA, RLMLDIAL LA\ 300 ,1994,.
3 O. lLRRLRA, RLMLDIAL LA\ 350 ,1996,.
I. CRUZ, CONS1I1U1IONAL LA\ 200 ,2000,.

1WO AU1HORS

\hen there are two authors separate their names with &.`

avte.:
J. VI1UG & L. ACOS1A, 1AX LA\ AND JURISPRUDLNCL 150 ,2d ed. 2000,.
VI1UG & ACOS1A, .vra note 4, at 200.


RULL 6 AR1ICLLS AND LSSAYS

Materials published in periodicals which are paged consecutiely throughout a olume are
cited by the initial o irst name ollowed by the surname o the author, title o the article in
italics, olume, name o periodical in large and small capitals using the standard abbreiation,
page and year in parenthesis. I the part being quoted is ound in the middle o the article,
always cite the irst page o the article and then the particular page where the quoted part is
located.

avte.:
J. Luna, vtervatiovat ar tavaara. ava tbe Pbitiive ar ov Deortatiov, 1 PlIL. IN1`L.
LJ. 34 ,1963,.

J. Luna, vtervatiovat ar tavaara. ava tbe Pbitiive ar ov Deortatiov, 1 PlIL. IN1`L.
LJ. 34, 355 ,1963,.


lor non-consecutiely paginated journals,

avte:
C. Villanuea, Cororate Covtract ar: |vif,ivg 1beve ov 1beorie. Retativg to Provoter`.
Covtract., De acto Cororatiov., Cororatiov. b, .toet, .rticte. of vcororatiov, ,ar.
ava |ttra 1ire. .ct., A1LNLO L.J., June 1994, at 4.

I the periodical has no olume number, use the year o publication as a olume number.

avte:
L. Abello, Cov.titvtiov vvaer tbe Covvovreattb ava vvaer tbe Revbtic, 1965 PlILCONSA
\RBK. 6.
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RULL 7 NLWSPAPLRS

1itles o newspapers are cited with the date o issue, page and column.

avte:
Philippine Daily Inquirer, June 3, 2000, p. 5, col. 3.

A .igvea articte ,but not a news report, is cited by author and title.

avte:
Arroyo, 2 Movtb. ebiva tbe rov Cvrtaiv, Philippine Star, December 15, 2001, p. 1, col.
3.


RULL 8 1RLA1ILS

Cite the name o the agreement and the exact date o signature by the Philippines. 1he
eectiity date or date o entry into orce may be gien parenthetically at the end o the
citation. Shorten title o the cited agreement by substituting with` or Between the
Republic o the Philippines and.` Gie the source o the text o the treaty.

avte:
1reaty o lriendship with India, July 11, 1952 ,1953,, II-2 DlA1S 1, 2 P.1.S. 9
203 U.N.1.S. 3.


RULL 9 IN1LRNL1 SOURCLS

lor online resources, include the exact internet address and the date when the site was last
accessed. Because internet websites are constantly changing, it is imperatie that the date the
source was isited by the cite checker be included.

lormat: author, i aailable}, title}, internet address} ,last accessed date},.

avte:
Protected Areas and \ildlie Bureau, 1amaraw Conseration Project,
http:,,www.pawb.go.ph,progs,tamaraw.htm ,last accessed Dec. 2, 2002,.


RULL J0 SHOR1 CI1A1IONS

Id.

Use ia. only i the authority is the sole authority cited in the ivveaiatet, receaivg citatiov. It
should be capitalized only i it is the irst word in a sentence. a.` may not be used to reer
to the Constitution. It may, howeer, be used or all other laws and rulings o courts.
UST Law Review
Style Guide


lormat: a. at page cited}.

Supra

1he .vra orm may be used to subsequently cite an authority when it has already been ully
cited preiously.


lormat: last name o author}, .vra note ootnote number o initial citation}, at page
cited}.

avte:
BALANL, .vra note 1, at 103.

Hereinafter

lereinater is used when it would be cumbersome to cite with the usual .vra orm or or
which the regular shortened orm may conuse the reader. 1his short citation orm is used
in an article where there are seeral authors o a work or seeral works by the same author.

lormat:

vitiat citatiov: author}, title} cited page} ,year}, |hereinater last name o author and
short title|}

avte.:
J. BLRNAS, S.J., 1lL 198 CONS1I1U1ION Ol 1lL RLPUBLIC Ol 1lL PlILIPPINLS: A
COMMLN1AR\ 156 ,2003, |hereinater BLRNAS, COMMLN1AR\|.

J. BLRNAS, S.J., AN IN1RODUC1ION 1O PUBLIC IN1LRNA1IONAL LA\ 25 ,2002,
|hereinater BLRNAS, PUBLIC IN1`L LA\|.

vb.eqvevt citatiov: last name o authors and short title}, .vra note ootnote number o
initial citation}, at page cited}.

avte.:
BLRNAS, COMMLN1AR\, .vra note 2, at 200.
BLRNAS, PUBLIC IN1`L LA\, .vra note 3, at 50.


S1ANDARDIZLD SIGNALS

Signal Lxplanation
Accord Indicates substantial support o a proposition although there are
dierences in acts.
Contra Indicates a holding which contradicts or opposes the proposition.
cf. Indicates a case which is parallel to or supports the proposition but
UST Law Review
Style Guide

contains substantially dierent acts.
See Indicates a dictum which supports the proposition.
See (In Roman type, Introduces secondary authority which supports the proposition.
But see Indicates a dictum which opposes or contradicts the proposition.
But see (In Roman
type,
Indicates secondary authority which contradicts the proposition.
L.g. Indicates support o a proposition by numerous holdings but
illustrated by a selectie citation o one or a ew cases preceded by
L.g.`


Note:
lor Constitutions, Codes, and Books,1reatises, it should always be in targe ava .vatt ca..
lor the complete rules on legal citations, consult the Philippine Manual o Legal Citations
published by the U.P. Law Complex.










CHAP1LR III
DIRLC1 QUO1A1IONS

A. Quotations Run into 1ext

Direct quotations o prose that are shorter than ie typewritten lines should be run into the
text and enclosed in double quotation marks.

avte:

lrom an indulgence in the presumption o constitutionality, the Court goes on to
say: "As the essence o R.A. 9189 is to enranchise oerseas qualiied lilipinos, it behooes
the Court to take a holistic iew o the pertinent proisions o both the Constitution and
R.A. 9189."

B. Quotations Set Off from 1ext

A direct quotation o ie or more typewritten lines o prose should be set o rom the text
by indention. 1he paragraphing o the original source should be retained. I the quotation
spans two or more paragraphs in the original, your set-o quotation should indicate
paragraph breaks with additional three-space indentions.

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Style Guide

avte:

Gien the oregoing reality, and looking at the legal and political landscape, the
Court says: "1o put matters in their right perspectie, it is necessary to dwell irst on the
signiicance o absentee oting. 1he concept o absentee oting is relatiely new," quoting
in the process certain sections rom Corpus Juris Secundum, including the ollowing
discussion:

Absentee oting is an outgrowth o modern social and economic
conditions deised to accommodate those engaged in military or ciil lie whose
duties make it impracticable or them to attend their polling place on the day o the
election, and the priilege o absentee oting may low rom constitutional
proisions or be conerred by statutes, existing in some jurisdictions, which proide
in arying terms or the casting and reception o ballots by soldiers and sailors or
other qualiied oters absent on election day rom the district or precinct o their
residence.

\hen the quotation begins in the middle o a paragraph, ollow the preceding ormat
without indenting the irst line.

avte:

1he Court explained:

1he law has resered that priilege or its citizens who hae cast their lot with our
country 'without mental reseration or purpose o easion.' 1he assumption is that
those who are resident aliens o a oreign country are incapable o such entire
deotion to the interest and welare o their homeland or with one eye on their
public duties here, they must keep another eye on their duties under the laws o the
oreign country o their choice in order to presere their status as permanent
residents thereo.

C. Lmphasis of Certain Passages in a Direct Quotation

1o emphasize certain passages in a direct quotation, simply italicize the selected portion.

avte:

1he law has resered that priilege or its citizens who hae cast their lot with our
country ritbovt vevtat re.erratiov or vro.e of era.iov. 1he assumption is that those
who are resident aliens o a oreign country are ivcaabte of .vcb evtire aerotiov to tbe
ivtere.t ava retfare of tbeir bovetava or with one eye on their public duties here, they
must keep another eye on their duties under the laws o the oreign country o their
choice in order to presere their status as permanent residents thereo.

D. Lpigraphs

1he epigraph should be wholly italicized in bold ont with the irst line indented. It
should be situated on the right side below the author's name.
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Example:

POWLR AND PARADOX:
DLCONS1RUC1ING OMBUDSMAN INDLPLNDLNCL AMIDS1 1HL
1HICKL1 OI 1HL CONS1I1U1ION, LAW AND JURISPRUDLNCL


MISCHLLLL R. MAULLION

^atiov or gorervvevt cavvot acbiere .atratiov rbere tbe rigbt. of tbe
aere..ea, ae.titvte ava .vre..ea are vot gvaraea, ava rbere vigbt, ava
orerfvt er.ov. are vot forcea to acceae to tbe.e rigbt..



CHAPTER IV
ABBREVIATIONS & ACRONYMS


Administrative Agencies and Boards exercising regulatory and quasi-judicial functions
Cite As
Bureau of Food and Drugs BFAD
Bureau of Lands BL
Central Board of Assessment Appeals CBAA
Civil Aeronautics Board CAB
Civil Service Commission CSC
Commission on Audit COA
Commission on Elections COMELEC
Commission on Higher Education CHED
Commission on Human Rights CHR
Department of Agriculture DA
Department of Energy DE
Department of Environment and Natural Resources DENR
Department of Finance DOF
Department of Foreign Affairs DFA
Department of Interior and Local Government DILG
Department of Justice DOJ
Department of Labor and Employment DOLE
Department of National Defense DND
Department of Public Works and Highways DPWH
Department of Science and Technology DOST
Employees Compensation Commission ECC
Government Service Insurance System GSIS
Housing Land Use Regulatory Board HLURB
Laguna Lake Development Authority LLDA
Land Registration Authority LRA
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Land Transportation Franchising and Regulatory Board LTFRB
Local Water Utilities Administration LWUA
Maritime Industry Authority MARINA
Merit Systems Board MSB
Metropolitan Waterworks & Sewerage System MWSS
Monetary Board MB
Movie and Television Review and Classification Board MTRCB
National Bureau of Investigation NBI
National Conciliation and Mediation Board NCMB
National Economic Development Authority NEDA
National Food Authority NFA
National Housing Authority NHA
National Irrigation Administration NIA
National Labor Relations Commission NLRC
National Library NL
National Telecommunications Commission NTC
Office of the Solicitor General OSG
Office of the Ombudsman OMBUDSMAN
Office of Government Corporate Counsel OGCC
Overseas Workers Welfare Administration OWWA
Philippine Coast Guard PCG
Philippine Coconut Authority PCA
Philippine Export Zone Authority PEZA
Philippine National Railways PNR
Philippine Overseas Employment Administration POEA
Philippine Sports Commission PSC
Philippine Veterans Administration PVA
Professional Regulation Commission PRC
Securities and Exchange Commission SEC
Social Security System SSS


Laws
Cite As
Republic Act R.A.
Batas Pambansa B.P.
Presidential Decree P.D.
Commonwealth Act C.A.
Act Act


Executive Issuances
Cite As
Executive Order E.O.
Administrative Order A.O.
Letter of Instruction LOI
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Bills, Resolutions and Committee Reports
Cite As
Senate or House Bill S. No.
H. No.
Senate or House Resolution S. Res.
H. Res.
Senate or House of Representatives Concurrent Resolutions S. Con Res.
Senate or House or Representatives Joint Resolution S. J. Res.
Senate or House Committee Reports H. Rpt.
S. Rpt.
Resolution of both Houses when sitting together but voting separately R.B.H.




Philippine Reports
Cite As
Philippine Reports Phil.
Supreme Court Reports Annotated SCRA
Supreme Court Advance Decisions SCAD
Court of Appeals Reports Annotated CARA
NITAFANS Supreme Court Unpublished Decisions SCUD


Philippine Legal Periodicals
Title Abbreviation
Ateneo Law Journal ATENEO L.J.
Baguio Colleges Foundation Law Journal B.C.F.L. J.
Commission on Audit Journal C.O.A.J.
Court Systems Journal Ct. Systems J.
Diplomats Review DIPLOMATS REV.
Far Eastern Law Review FAR EAST. L. REV.
Filipino Lawyer FILIPINO LAW
Foreign Relations Journal FOR. REL. J.
Foundation Law Review FOUNDATION L. REV.
Francisco College Law Journal FRANCISCO C.L.J.
Journal of the Constitutional Convention of the Philippines J.C.C. PHIL.
Journal of the Integrated Bar of the Philippines J. INTEG. BAR PHIL.
Judges Journal JUDGES J.
Jurisprudence JUR.
Labor Review LAB. REV.
Law Journal and Magazine of the Integrated Bar of the Philippines IBP L.J. & Mag.
Lawyers Review LAW. REV.
Lyceum of the Philippines Law Review LY. PHIL. L. REV.
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M.L.Q. University Law Quarterly MLQU L.Q.
Mindanao Law Journal MINDANAO L.J.
Monthly Business & Tax Bulletin MON. BUS & TAX
BULL
PHILCONSA Journal PHILCONSA J.
Philippine Journal of Industrial Relations PHIL J. INDUS. REL.
Philippine Journal of Librarians P.J.L.L.
Philippine Journal of Public Administration PHIL. J. PUB. ADM.
Philippine Labor Relations Journal PHIL. LAB. REL. J.
Philippine Law Gazette PHIL. L. GAZ.
Philippine Law Journal PHIL. L.J.
Philippine Law Report PHIL L. REP.
Philippine Yearbook of International Law PHIL. YRBK. INTL. L.
Philippines Judicial Weekly PHIL. JUD. WEEK.
San Beda Law Journal SAN BEDA L.J.
S.E.C. Bulletin S.E.C. BULL.
Silliman Law Journal SILLIMAN L.J.
Studies on Philippine Labor STUD. PHIL. LAB.
Tala Industrial Relations Bulletin TALA INDUS. REL.
BULL.
Tax Monthly TAX MON.
University of San Carlos Law Review U.S.C. L. REV.
University of Santo Tomas Law Review U.S.T. L. REV.
University of the East Law Journal U.E.L.J.
University of Manila Law Gazette U.M. L. GAZ.
World Bulletin WORLD BULL.


Note:
For the complete list of abbreviations, check the Philippine Manual of Legal Citations
published by the UP Law Complex.














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CHAPTER IV
FORM & STYLE

I. ARTICLES
1 File

Font Style: Garamond

Title of the Article:
e.g.
POWLR AND PARADOX size 13(bold, all caps)
Sub-Title:
e.g.
POWLR AND PARADOX .
A Survey of Protective. size 12(bold)
Name of the Author:
e.g.
MISCHLLLL R. MAULION size 12 (bold)

Body of the Article: size 11; space- 1.5

Paragraph Sub-Title: e.g. I. Introduction size 12 (bold, center)

Block Quotations: size 10; single spaces (indented)

Epigraph: size 10, italics

Footnotes: size 9; single space

Spacing Between Paragraphs: double space


II. BOOK REVIEWS
1 File

Font Style: Garamond

Main Title:
LAW IN 1HL SLRVICL OI HUMANI1Y size 13 (bold, all caps)

Author: size 12, bold, all caps

Sub-Title:
LSSAYS IN HONOR OI JUS1ICL ILORLN1INO ILLICIANO
size 12 (bold)
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Author and Publisher of the Book Reviewed:

tere Cbarvorit, Debra teger c Peter 1av Dev o..cbe, ea..
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005, Pp. Xv, 425
size 12 (italics)

Footnotes: size 9

Body of the book review: size 10,


III. RECENT JURISPRUDENCE
1 File

Font Style: Garamond

Main Title:
RECENT JURISPRUDENCE size 13 (bold, all caps)

Sub-Title:
e.g.
POLI1ICAL LAW size 12 (bold)
Case Title:
e.g.

KILUSANG MAYO UNO, et.al. v. 1HL DIRLC1OR- GLNLRAL OI 1HL
NA1IONAL LCONOMIC DLVLLOPMLN1 AU1HORI1Y, et.al.
size 12 (all caps,bold)
GR Number, Date, Ponente, Division- size 11, bold


Body of the case: size 10



IV. RECENT LEGISLATIONS
1 File

Font Style: Garamond

Main Title:
RLCLN1 LLGISLA1IONS size 14 (bold)


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Sub-Title:
e.g.
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9344 size 13 (bold, all caps)

Law Title:
e.g.
AN AC1 ALLOWING size 12 (bold, all caps)

Body of the Law: size 11
Section Number-size 11, bold, italics

Spacing Between Paragraphs: double space

V. LATIN TERMS

Latin and other foreign terms must be in italics