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1. 250. 000 (9,7%) 900. 000 (7%) (Moritz Csky, Rmisch-katolische Kirche in Ungarn, Die
Habsburger Monarchie 1848-1918, Band IV, Wien 1985, 282-283; Sebastian Werni, Die Wojwodina 18481860, Wien 1981, 3-4; Robert A. Kann, A History of the Habsburg empire 1526-1918, University of California
press 606-607; 1840, 1845;
1843-1844, 1845; ,
XIX , , XXXIII, 1976, 89-90; ,
, 1940, 23-24; , ,
, 2007, 24; Zoltan ere, Maarski i srpski nacionalni preporod, Novi Sad 2009,
208-210; Istvan Deak, The Lawful Revolution, London 1979, 27-30)
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Nationality issue in Hungary 1848-1849, Budapest 1992, 11-17.
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Veridicus x Hungaria. Pressburger Zeitung 1764,
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Mnchen 2004, 198200; Robert A. Kann, A History of the Habsburg empire 1526-1918, 300-301, 308-310;
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Nationality issue in the Hungary of 1848/1849, 11-13, 38.
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1526-1918, 310; , ,
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Sebastian Werni, Die Wojwodina 1848-1860, 57; Emanuel Turczynski, Orthodoxe und Unierte, Die
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Dimitrije Djordjevic, Die Serben, Die Habsburger monarchie18481918, Band III, Wien 1980, 747748.

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2004, 261, Herbert Matis, Die Wirtschaftspolitik des Neoabsolutismus, Die Habsburger Monarchie 1848-1918,
Band I, Wien 1973, 30-38; Robert A. Kann, A History of the Habsburg empire 1526-1918, 318-326 )
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(Joszef Galantai, Der sterreichischhungarische Dualismus 18671918, Budapest 1985, 2122, 31-36; Hugo
Hantsch, Die Geschishte sterreichs 16481918, band 2, Graz 1994, 374397; , ,
, , , 454-459,462-465, 467; ,
1860-1878, 16, 19, 20-22; Robert A. Kann, A History of the
Habsburg empire 1526-1918, 330-335; Herbert Matis, Der wirtschaftliche Ausgleich mit Ungarn, Die
Habsburger Monarchie 1848-1918, Band I, Wien 1973, 41-45; ,
1849 1867, - ,
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529-530; , , 1999, 308-324; ,
, 1492-1992, 264; ,
, 63-64; , XIX , 428-432;
Marvin Peri, Intelektualna istorija Evrope, Beograd 2000, 487-490.
62
, 1868, . 14,
1992, 63-65; Joszef Galantai, Der sterreichischhungarische Dualismus 18671918, 90-91.
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(Friedrich Gottas, Die Deutschen in Ungarn, Die Habsburger monarchie18481918, Band III, Wien 1980,
344349; , , 374; ,
( XX ), 154-155, 156-159; Joszef Galantai, Der sterreichischhungarische Dualismus 1867
1918, 78-80)

327

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Friedrich Gottas, Die Deutschen in Ungarn, Die Habsburger monarchie18481918, Band III, Wien 1980,
344349; Robert A. Kann, A History of the Habsburg empire 1526-1918, 362-363.
68
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Djordjevic, Die Serben, Die Habsburger monarchie18481918, Band III, Wien 1980,751-754)
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335

GORAN VASIN
NATIONAL-POLITICAL STRUGGLE OF THE SERBS IN HUNGARY
FROM 1848 TO 1884
Summary
National and political struggle of the Serbs in Hungary from 1848 to 1884
reached its break-even point. The Serbs would often be the opposition to the considerably
strengthened Hungarian national movement. Since the revolution of 1848-1849 the two
movements represented a predominant factor in the Hungarian part of the Monarchy. The
Serbs were constantly trying to fight for the Serbian Vojvodina and their political and
national equality. The situation became rather complicated by the Settlement of 1867. The
Articles of the Hungarian Parliament Law of 1868 undermined the Serbian church and
school autonomy to some extent. The Serbian political elite, led by Svetozar Mileti,
fought for the preservation of the acquired privileges in the sessions of the Parliament for
a decade. The results were not great, the Serbs lost their ability to influence the adoption
of the important roles for the Monarchy actively. The above mentioned condition
remained until the abolition of the autonomy and the World War I which brought in the
national liberation and unification.

336

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