RUNNING HEADER: Future of Globalization

The Future of Globalization Erik Richter Argosy University

Future of Globalization The Future of Globalization Globalization affects every individual in the world, except for the few tribes in the Amazon rainforest who have not had any contact with people outside of the rainforest. Litz (2011) suggested that educational leaders of tomorrow have to understand that globalization is a complex and multifaceted process. Therefore, school leaders need to understand global forces and pressures to change the educational institutions focus to a global marketplace to stay ahead of the competition. Litz (2011) continued with a view on the economic impact globalization has on the societal and culture of a country, reach as far back as the barter system of the B.C. time periods. Global trade has an impact on

the societal factors within a culture. Foreign products provided a mystery to the everyday consumer. In todays society seeing an individual with all domestic product is a mystery for many individuals of today. Globalization is the key in making this transition through trade to introduce and streamline products from one country to another. The world economy ties together all the economies of the countries, look at the current recession of the United States and the effect on the global economy. Another example is the problems that are currently affecting the European Union it hurts the global economy. The global economy will continue to tie together the economies of the world. Such as influencing societal changes, similar to what happened to the coastal communities in Chile. Pitchon (2011) researched the changes of the society of wildcapture fisheries to a more agriculture industry based on fish farming. Pitchon focused the research on Chilis Chloe Island due to the economic changes in the fish market that sustains Chloe Island. Chile is one of the top five exporters of fish in the world, due to the increase in population and consumption of fish worldwide there has been an over-harvest

Future of Globalization of ocean resources, which caused the government to restrict fishing activities (Pitchon, 2011). This caused a change from generations of artisanal (small) anglers to live in

poverty or find supplemental income to support their families. Since the restrictions have made it harder to fish, the fish farms construction and operation increased to fill the export ambitions of the country. The artisanal anglers moved from fishing the ocean to a steady paycheck at a fish farm. The move means the angler receives a steady paycheck, does not have to worry about as many laws, and the skill set required to work at a fishery is easier to acquire and maintain. In essence, the globalization of growing fish consumption caused the Chilean anglers to move from a tradition of passing down knowledge of fishing to a society of low skilled workers at fish farms. In addition, the changing demographics of the world may affect the changes within the global marketplace. Abdel-Ghany (2008) discussed the catalyst to Asias economic growth was the aging population with a decline in fertility. This led to a lower population of dependent children, which allowed the working population to expand and increase Asias economy. Abdel-Ghany (2008) speculated that as the population of Asia continues to age and surpass the working ages there might be a sharp decline in economic growth due to more individuals leaving the working age then entering his or her working age. This example shows that a society that is changing in age, or birthrate, might have an economic impact, or influence on the industrial culture of an organization. Through the change of the culture, other countries might invest into the country, thereby causing more growth opportunities for the country, creating more need for working age individuals. Globalization affects culture and leadership of countries; cultures are changing because of the influence of one-culture changes the culture of another country,

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over time. Managers need awareness about culture within the international marketplace to understand how to use the workforce for optimum efficiency and productivity. When understanding the cultural implications of a workforce a manager needs to understand basic cultural values of an individual to understand how to treat the individual. Using Hofstedes dimension of power distance, defined as the power is headed by institutions and creates separation between levels in an organization and the failure to use subordinates in the decision making process (Taras, Kirkman, & Steel, 2010). Knowing the approximate power distance within a culture a manager may or may not include employees in the decision making process. An example would be a company with a very high power distance might see a manager who asks subordinates as a very weak manager and not worthy of the position. Meanwhile, in a country with a very low power distance that same manager herald as a manager that is forward thinking and has concern for his or her employees. Knowing the cultural background of the subordinates or the country that the manager is currently operating within creates a manager who may think on their feet without stepping on the feet, offending, the employees of the international marketplace. Within each culture, the performance expectations change in what is expected of employees of different levels. Performance expectations are different depending upon the level an individual is within an organization. The c-level employees are focused on creating shareholder value, and are expected to achieve that increase in shareholder wealth. Whereas, the manufacturing employee focuses on making a specific item that is a part of the companys product. Schraeder and Jordan (2011) discussed how essential of a function it is for the modern manager to manage the employee performance of the organization. One focus of the authors was the macro level of organizational culture

Future of Globalization

affecting the expectations and the performance of the employees within the organization. Managing the goal setting strategies of an employee helps to understand the expectations of not only the employee but also the manager of the employee; therefore, the organization shows the expectations of the employees though the goals of the company and the employees (Schraeder & Jordan, 2011). One thing the authors cautioned about was the management of the company as it pertained to the ethical conduct of the managers and employees of the organization. Other organizations help to facilitate the perpetuation of globalization, such as the World Trade Organization (WTO). Some developments within the WTO and emerging countries help to demystify the biasness that might be present. AllAfrica.com (World, 2011) praised Nigeria for their fourth Trade Policy Review. The review noticed the simplified customs procedures, effort put forth on economic and regulatory reforms, plus changes that accelerated the ambitious development goals of the country. AllAfrica.com continued with the understanding that the review helps the WTO and member organizations understand where Nigeria is when improving the prosperity of the country by becoming more involved within the international marketplace. Through the understanding of emerging countries economies, the WTO might create trade partners with a member country or help the up and coming country with growth problems to generate great economic prosperity for the world. The United Nations (Enhanced, 2011) Secretary-General addressed the WTO about the work of creating a more harmonious world using trade for aid to countries that have experienced hardships. The program was designed to help the poorest people of the world by utilizing the collective strengths of the WTO in creating global partnerships for development, named the Millennium

Future of Globalization Development Goal 8 (Enhanced, 2011). This development, which calls for many more meetings in the future, will help the emerging countries to compete for international

investments through the aid provided by member countries. The article also wrote that the United Nations is worried about the horn of Africa for aid due to at least 35 million refugees, which is a huge challenge for the United Nations and aid support around the world (Enhanced, 2011). Lazorchak (2000) stated that just by discussing the cultural aspects of another country facilitates visibility and learning about other cultures. The author explored on a college campus the use of tutorials to teach interview techniques and interview etiquette, finding an increase in confidence for the students who took the tutorial. Lazorchak (2000) concluded that professional employees are the most valuable asset in a corporation but the refinement of business etiquette, both domestic and international, might help an organization grow in the global marketplace. Meanwhile, in 2005, Scannell concluded that in a room full of international diversity every movement would offend someone. The best any individual can do is learn what the host country is doing and try to follow those customs, when a mistake happens, acknowledge it and move on. Globalization of the world affects businesses on every continent. Through the combination of culture, leadership practices, and many other international intentions the world continues to change making neighbors of every living being. The combination of cultures will continue to grow innovation and foster new ideas to make a bright future for humankind.

Future of Globalization References Abdel-Ghany, M. (2008, September). Problematic progress in asia: Growing older and apart. J Fam Econ ISS, 29, 549 569. doi:10.1007/s10834-008-9129-4
Enhancing aid for trade can be cornerstone of partnership between world trade organization and UN system's development agencies, says secretary-general. (2011, Jul 20). US Fed News Service, Including US State News, pp. n/a. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/878063436?accountid=34899

Lazorchak, S. A. (2000). Business protocol and etiquette: Preparing students for the global business environment. Journal of Family and Consumer Sciences 92(1). 100 - 103 Litz, D. (2011, August). Globalization and the changing face of educational leadership: Current trends and emerging dilemmas. International Education Studies, 4(3), 4761. doi:10.5539/ies.v4n3p47 Pitchon, A. (2011). Sea hunters or sea farmers? Transitions in Chilean fisheries. Human Organization, 70(2), 200 209. doi:0018-7259/11/020200-10$1.5/1 Taras, V., Kirkman, B. L., & Steel, P. (2010). Examining the impact of cultures consequences: A three-decade, multilevel, meta-analytic review of hofstedes cultural value dimensions. Journal of Applied Psychology, 95(3), 405 439. doi:10.1037/a0018938 Schraeder, M., & Jordan, M. (July 2011). Managing performance: A practical perspective on managing employee performance. The Journal for Quality and Participation, 34(2), 4 10.

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Scannell, N. J. (2005, December). The business review, Cambridge: A primer on business etiquette. The Business Review, Cambridge, 4(2). I
World trade organization commends country over reforms. (2011, Jul 08). AllAfrica.Com, pp. n/a. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/880627602?accountid=34899