Grammar Present perfect: it expresses a past event or state, it is used to convoy information that has relevance to the present.

EX: I love animals and the outdoors, so Ive decided to become a naturalist STRUCTURE: Have or has past participle of the verb complement

There are some adverbs and expressions that are often used with the present perfect. Ever Already So far Once Never Yet Still (with the negative) Twice

The adverbs just, recently, and lately describe past events that have occurred in recent time. She has just been accepted to a top business school. They have recently made plans to get married. Present perfect progressive: it is used to show a progress in something. (present perfect show a the result). Have been or has been verb (gerund) complement

EX: He has been searching for shipwrecks for many years. CAUTION!!!!: there are certain stative verbs that there arent used in present perfect preogressive. Be Hate Know Love Seen Believe Have (for possession) Like Own Understand

VOCABULARY Expressions to describe life choices and plans Take up: something youre interested in Ex: I like to dance, so Im taking up dancing classes.

 Decide on a course of study or a career. Ex: She decided on a career as a veterinarian because she is in love with animals. Apply for a position or an opportunity to study Ex: he wants to work in the zoo, so he applied for the job. Be accepted to / into a school or program Ex: When Jane heard she was accepted to medical school, she called all her family. Be rejected by a program or school Ex: John passed a hard time when he was rejected by the law school. Sign up for a course or organization Ex: Mary signed up for a photography course. Enroll in a school , organization, or program. EX: Matt plans to enroll in flight school to fulfill his dream of becoming a pilot. Switch to a new course or career Ex: many people who are unhappy in their career often switch to a very different one. Dreams and Goals childhood/ lifelong dream EX: traveling to the space has been my childhood dream. Fulfill/ realize a dream EX: Lance finally fulfill his dream, walking on the moon. Short-term / long-term goal EX: His short-term goal is to finish high school, and his long-term is to be a doctor. Set goals for oneself EX: setting goals yourself is important to have success in life. Take steps to achieve/ reach a goal EX: It was difficult to her, to take some hard steps to succeed. Using collocations with have for job qualifications Have experience doing something EX: I have experience managing technical staff. Have experience with equipment, a process EX: I have experience with computers Have experience in a field EX: Martha has experience in the field of office management. Have training in a field EX: John has training in computer graphics. Have the ability to do something EX: I have the ability to play tennis. Have knowledge of a skill, a field EX: Katy has knowledge of bilingual office management program.