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  • Amino Acids (1) IUA, 2012

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    Dr. Atif Hassan Khirelsied
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    Amino Acids (1) Atif H. Khirelsied, Ph.D.   Atif H. Khirelsied, Ph.D. Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Medicine International University of Africa, Khartoum, Sudan Amino Acids 1. Amino acids (aa) are organic acids with an amine Amino acids (aa) are organic acids with an amine group.  2. They are the "building blocks" of proteins. 3. Have a wide range of diverse biological functions. 4. There are more than 300 in nature. 4 There are more than 300 aa in nature 5. Only 20 L‐α‐amino acids ar

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    Amino Acids (1) Atif H. Khirelsied, Ph.D.   Atif H. Khirelsied, Ph.D. Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Medicine International University of Africa, Khartoum, Sudan Amino Acids 1. Amino acids (aa) are organic acids with an amine Amino acids (aa) are organic acids with an amine group.  2. They are the "building blocks" of proteins. 3. Have a wide range of diverse biological functions. 4. There are more than 300 in nature. 4 There are more than 300 aa in nature 5. Only 20 L‐α‐amino acids ar

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    177 views26 pages

    Amino Acids (1) IUA, 2012

    Uploaded by

    Dr. Atif Hassan Khirelsied
    Amino Acids (1) Atif H. Khirelsied, Ph.D.   Atif H. Khirelsied, Ph.D. Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Medicine International University of Africa, Khartoum, Sudan Amino Acids 1. Amino acids (aa) are organic acids with an amine Amino acids (aa) are organic acids with an amine group.  2. They are the "building blocks" of proteins. 3. Have a wide range of diverse biological functions. 4. There are more than 300 in nature. 4 There are more than 300 aa in nature 5. Only 20 L‐α‐amino acids ar

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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    of 26

    AminoAcids(1)

    AtifH.Khirelsied,Ph.D. Atif H. Khirelsied, Ph.D.


    DepartmentofBiochemistry

    FacultyofMedicine
    InternationalUniversityofAfrica,Khartoum,Sudan

    AminoAcids
    1. Amino acids (aa) are organic acids with an amine Aminoacids(aa)areorganicacidswithanamine group. 2. Theyarethe"buildingblocks"ofproteins. 3. Haveawiderangeofdiversebiologicalfunctions. 4. Therearemorethan300 innature. 4 There are more than 300 aa in nature 5. Only20Laminoacids arefoundinproteins.
    Atif Hassan Khirelsied

    AminoAcids
    5. DAminoacidsoccurinbacteriaandpeptide antibiotics. ibi i 6. Severalotheraminoacidsarefoundinnonprotein 6 S l h i id f di i substances.

    Atif Hassan Khirelsied

    AminoAcidsStructure

    Atypicalaminoacidhasaprimaryaminogroup,acarboxyl group,ahydrogenatomandasidechain (Rgroup)attachedtoa chiral carbon atom carbonatom.

    Atif Hassan Khirelsied

    AminoAcidsStructure

    TheFunctionsofAminoAcids
    Theyarethe"buildingblocks"ofproteins. y g p Are important (essential) nutrients Areimportant(essential)nutrients. Componentsofvariousbiomoleculese.g.,serinein phospholipids.

    Atif Hassan Khirelsied

    TheFunctionsofAminoAcids
    Precursor for various biologic substances Precursorforvariousbiologicsubstances. Glucose. Heme. Purines andpyrimidines. Neurotransmitters. Hormones

    Atif Hassan Khirelsied

    Aminoacids,isomerism &opticalactivity

    Enantiomers

    Allstandardaminoacidsexceptglycine andproline havechiral carbons(theC),thusexistinpairsof(D)and(L)enantiomers.

    Atif Hassan Khirelsied

    Aminoacidsclassifications
    Aminoacidscanbeclassifiedaccordingto: 1. 1 ChemicalnatureofRgroups Chemical nature of R groups 2. Solubility 3. Dietaryimportance 4. Metabolicfate

    Atif Hassan Khirelsied

    Aminoacids;classificationbyR-group
    According to the chemical nature of the side chain, Accordingtothechemicalnatureofthesidechain, aminoacidscanbeclassifiedinto:
    1. 1 2. 3. 3 4. 5. 6. 7. Aliphaticnonpolaraminoacids. Aliphatic nonpolar amino acids Sulfurcontainingaminoacids. Hydroxylcontainingaminoacids. H d l t i i i id Aromaticaminoacids. Acidicaminoacidsandtheiramides. Basicaminoacids. Imino acid

    Atif Hassan Khirelsied

    Thealiphaticnonpolaraminoacids

    This class include: 1. 1 Glycine 2. Alanine 3. Valine 4. Leucine 5. Isoleucine

    Atif Hassan Khirelsied

    Thealiphaticnonpolaraminoacids
    1. 1 Glycine (Gly or G).
    Glycine

    Is the smallest amino acid. p Has the simplest structure. Does not exist as a pair of stereoisomers

    Atif Hassan Khirelsied

    Thealiphaticnonpolaraminoacids
    2. 2 Alanine ( (Ala or A) )
    Alanine

    Is aliphatic amino acid. Has a methyl group in the side-chain position.

    Hydrophobic.
    Atif Hassan Khirelsied

    Thealiphaticnonpolaraminoacids
    3. Valine, Val , (V).

    4. Leucine, 4 Leucine Leu, (L).

    5. Isoleucine, Ile, (I).


    Atif Hassan Khirelsied

    Thealiphaticnonpolaraminoacids
    6.Methionine, Met, (M).

    NOTE
    ThealiphaticsidechainsofAla,Val,Leu,Ile&Metare nonreactive,hydrophobic.

    Atif Hassan Khirelsied

    Thesulphur containingaminoacids
    7. Cysteine Cys, (C).

    Methionine Met (M)

    Note Met is also an aliphatic non-polar amino acid


    Atif Hassan Khirelsied

    Thehydroxylcontainingaminoacids
    8. Serine Ser, (S).

    9. Threonine Thr, (T).

    Tyrosine T i Tyr, (Y).


    Atif Hassan Khirelsied

    Theacidicaminoacidsandtheiramides
    10. Aspartic acid Asp,(D)

    11. Asparagine Asn, (N).

    Atif Hassan Khirelsied

    Theacidicaminoacidsandtheiramides

    12.Glutamic acid Glu, (E).

    13. Glutamine 13 Gl t i Gln, (Q).

    Atif Hassan Khirelsied

    Thebasicaminoacids
    14. 14 Araginine Arg, (R).

    15. Lysine Lys, (K).

    16.Histidine His, (H). His (H)


    Atif Hassan Khirelsied

    Thearomaticaminoacids
    17. Phenylalanine Phe, (F).

    18. 18 Tyrosine Tyr, (Y).

    19. 19 Tryptophan Trp, (W).


    Atif Hassan Khirelsied

    Theimino acid

    20. Proline Pro, (P).

    Thenitrogenatomissecondarilyattachedtotheside chains. chains

    Atif Hassan Khirelsied

    Thecystine

    Atif Hassan Khirelsied

    Aminoacidsclassificationbysolubility
    Twoclassesofaminoacidsbaseduponwhetherthe R groupis; Rgroup is; 1. Hydrophobic 1 H d h bi 2. Hydrophilic.

    Atif Hassan Khirelsied

    Aminoacidclassificationbydietary importance.
    Someaminoacidscanbeformedfrommetabolic intermediatesinthemammaliancells,thusarenot intermediates in the mammalian cells thus are not necessarytakeninfood(Dietarynonessential) .

    Otheraminoacidsmustbeobtainedfromdiet,thus theyaretermed(Dietaryessential).
    Atif Hassan Khirelsied

    Aminoacidsclassificationbymetabolicfate
    Aminoacidscanalsobeclassifiedaccordingtothe endproductoftheircarbonskeletoncatabolisminto: p 1. 1 Gluogenic glucose producing glucoseproducing 2. Ketogenic ketones producing 3. Keto andglycogenic.

    Atif Hassan Khirelsied

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