GEOGRAPHY - SYLLABUS GEOGRAPHY OF INDIA 1. 2. Location Physiography climate Rivers Soil Natural Vegetation.

tion. Irrigation Types Multipurpose project - Agriculture geographical requirements of crops rice - wheat millets pulses oilseeds sugarcane cotton - jute Tea Coffee rubber agricultural problems Green Revolution in India livestock fisheries. 3. Minerals Iron Manganese Power Hydel, Thermal and Atomic Industries Textile Paper Iron & Steel Ship building Locomotives Cement Fertilizer. 4. Regionalization of India Agricultural regioin Industrial region Transport Road Railway water Air Ports- Trade Globalisation Planning regions - IT industry in India & Tamil Nadu. 5. Population Distribution growth problems urbanisation.

References: 1. A Ramesh and P.S. Tiwari 1983 Basic Resource Atlas of Tamil Nadu, Dpartment of geography, University of Madras.. 2. 3. 4. Dubey, R.N. 1971 Economic Geography of India. Manorama year book 2006. Singh, R.L.India 1970 A Regional Geography, UBS Publishers and Distributors Ltd., Seena Publication. 5. 6. Spate, O.H.K. 1962 India and Pakistan. T.C.Sharma and continuo 2004 Economic and Commercial Geography of India.

GEOGRAPHY OF TAMIL NADU 1. 2. 3. Tamil Nadu : Location Physiography Climate Drainage. Soils Types Soil conservation Natural vegetation Types Distribution. Irrigation Multipurpose projects Agriculture Distribution of crops : paddy, millets, pulses, oilseeds, sugarcane, cotton, Tea, Coffee, rubber and spices. 4. Distribution of Minerals and Industries Textile Sugar Paper Cement Automobile IT and BPO. 5. Population : Distribution Growth Urbanisation Transport Ports and Trade.

References : 1. Geography of Tamil Nadu, Economic appraisal of Tamil Nadu.

2. Gopal Singh 1970 Geography of India, Atmaram Publishers. 3. Statistical Hand Book, Published by Tamil Nadu Government. 4. Negi, B.S. 1998 Agricultural Geography, Kedarnath & Ramanath, New Delhi. 5. Singh .R.L. 1962 A Regional Geography, UBS Publishers and distributors. 6. Techno economic Survey of Tamil Nadu 2005. 7. This is Tamil Nadu1984The XXI International Geographical Congress, Madras University Publication.

GEOMORPHOLOGY

1.

Geomorphology meaning scope and content structure, process and stage -Rocks - types - folds, fault, earth quake and volcanoes.

2. 3.

Weathering: Types - mass wasting and mass movement. Agents of Gradation Rivers: Erosion, transportation, deposition and resultant topography Normal cycle of erosion Davis and Penck.

4. 5.

Underground water water table spring and its types Karst topography. Glacier Aeolian - Wave process Erosion Transportation Deposition - Shore lines submergence and emergence.

References : 1. Arthur L.Bloom, 1978 Geomorphology, Orient Long man, London. 2. Dayal 1996 Geomorphology, Concept publishers, New Delhi. 3. Negi B.S. 1993 Physical Geography, S.J. Publications, Meerut. 4. Sparks B.W. 1960 Geomorphology, Longman, London. 5. Thornbury W.D. 1960 Principles of Geomorphology, John Wiley, New York. 6. Worcester 1965 Text book of Geomorphology.

CARTOGRAPHY 1. Cartography - Definition Nature and Scope Development Impact of Technology Maps Types Scales Methods of Representation - Enlargement and reduction 2. Earth as a cartographic problems Direction True and Magnetic north - co-ordinate Definition - Map projection Types Properties Uses - choice of projection. 3. Symbolization point line - Area qualitative quantitative Mapping of Physical climatic Socio economic data. 4. 5. Map compilation Generalization Lettering Design and Layout. Thematic Maps Definition Types Problems Map Reproduction Duplicating and Printing methods.

References:

1. Delhi. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Misra, R.P. and Ramesh A. 1999 Fundamentals of Cartography, Mac Millan, New Monkhouse, F.J. and Wilkinson 1994 H.R. Maps and Diagram, Methuen & Co., London. Robinson. A.H. et al 1995 Elements of Cartography, John Wiley, New York. Ragunandhan Singh 1972 Practical Geography, Central Book Depot, Allahabad. Singh R.L. and Kanonjia 1978 Map Work and Practical Geography, London Press, London. Monk House F.J., Wilkinson H.R. 1994 Maps & Diagrams, Methuen & Co., London.

CLIMATOLOGY

1.

Weather and climate - climatic elements composition and structure of the Atmosphere Insolation Heat balance Horizontal and Vertical distribution of Temperature Range of Temperature.

2.

Atmospheric Pressure and winds Horizontal distribution of pressure Pressure gradient Factors affecting wind motion General circulation of the atmosphere Periodic and local winds Jet streams.

3. 4. 5.

Atmospheric Moisture, condensation, clouds Forms and types of Precipitation. Air masses and Fronts classification cyclones Anticyclones. Climatic classification Koppens Thornthwaite.

References:

1.

Barry, R.G. & Chorley, R.J. 1998 Atmosphere, Weather and Climate Orient Longman press, London.

2. 3. 4.

Critch Field H.J. 1975 General Climatology, Prentice Hall, New York. Lal. D.S. 1988 Climatology, Chaitanya Publishing House, New Delhi. Trewartha. G 1980 Introduction to Climate, International Student edition, Mc Grew Hall, New York.

5. 6.

Das T.K. 1987 Monsoons, National Book Trust, New Delhi. Savindra Singh 2003 Climatology, Concept Publishers, New Delhi.

BASIS OF REMOTE SENSING 1. Introduction Definition of Remote Sensing Scope and historical development of Remote sensing uses of remotely sensed images. 2. Components of Remote sensing system Remote sensing system Electro magnetic energy Electro magnetic spectrum atmospheric windows Interaction mechanism energy Interaction with earth surface feature soil, water and Vegetation spectral reflectance curve Resolution of remote sensing data. 3. Data Acquisition Platform types Sensors types Satellites Land sat (MSS & TM), SPOT, ERS, JERS, Meteorological Satellites, ocean sat, IKONOS, IRS Cart Sat - Satellites Data Products Processing of Remote Sensing data. 4. Fundamentals of Aerial Photography Photographic Versus non-Photographic system Development of Aerial Photography Types of Aerial Photography Films and Camera Photo mosaic Principles of Photo grammetry Determination of Scale, height, Distance and Area Stereoscopic Viewing. 5. Fundamentals of Image interpretation Image characteristics elements of Interpretation Visual and digital interpretation Resource inventory with Remote Sensing. References: 1. A.N. Patel, Surendra Singh. 1999 Principles of Remote Sensing, Concept Publishing, New Delhi. 2. Campbell J.B. 1987 Introduction to Remote Sensing, The Gilford Press, New York. 3. Curran 1997 Principles of Remote Sensing, Orient Longman. 4. Ester & Senpan 1970 Remote Sensing Techniques for Environmental Analysis Hamilton. 5. Lilly sand, Keifer 1998 Fundamentals of Image Interpretation, Methuen Company, London. 6. Liolen & Crefir Addisin, Wesley Reading. 1976 Remote Sensing and Image Interpretation of Environment,

MEDICAL GEOGRAPHY

1.

Medical Geography Definition Scope Contents components of medical geography Factors affecting Health.

2.

Diseases and society Environmental types - physical social Economical cultural sanitation Environmental Hygiene and Health, social and cultural norms and practices Role of private, public and institutions in Health.

3.

Epidemiology and Diseases Epidemic Endemic waterborne Vector borne Intestinal Anthropod Zoonosis Communicable non-communicable diseases.

4. 5.

Mapping of Diseases - disease related data disease analysis - disease mapping. Health and Medical care planning Health Care Centres planning - Family and community health planning.

References:

1. Cliff A and Haggett P. 1989 Atlas of Disease Distribution, Basil Blackwell, Oxford. 2. May J.M. 1961 Ecology of Human Disease, M.D. Publications, New York. 3. Mc Glashan N.D. 1972 Medical Geography, Methuen, London. 4. Peter Haggett. 2002 Geography of Epidemics, Arnold, London. 5. Pyle .G. 1979 Applied Medical Geography, Winston, Halted Press, Silver Springs M.D. U.S.A.

ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY 1. Definition Scope of content of economic geography Classification of resources conservation of resources. 2. Agriculture Food crops and non food crops distribution and production of Rice, Wheat, Sugarcane, Cotton, Pulses, Tea Coffee and Jute. 3. Distribution of minerals Iron ore, Coal, Aluminium Power resources Hydel power, Thermal, Atomic power. 4. Industries Localization factors for Industries Iron and Steel, Textile, Chemicals Shipbuilding, Automobile. 5. Transport and Trade road, rail and waterways. Trade - Internal and international Trade blocs. References: 1. Dr. Balbir Singh Negi 1988 Geography of Resources, Kedarnath Ramnath Publishers, Meerut. 2. Goh cheng Leong 1984 Human and Economic Geography, Mc Grew Hill, New Delhi. 3. Khanna and Gupta 1994 Economic and Commercial Geography, Sultan Chand and sons, New Delhi. 4. Prithwish Kumar Roy 1992 Economic Geography, New central book company, Calcutta. 5. S.K.Sadhukhan 1986 Economic Geography, Sultan Chand and company, New Delhi.

OCEANOGRAPHY 1. Oceanography - Definition - Distribution of land and sea Hypsometric curve Continental shelf continental slope deep sea plain Ocean deeps. 2. Plate tectonics Seafloor spreading submarine relief of the Atlantic Pacific Indian Ocean. 3. 4. Temperature and salinity Atlantic Pacific and Indian Ocean Sea level change. Circulation of Ocean water Waves Tides Giant waves (Tsunami) Currents of Atlantic Pacific and Indian Ocean Ocean deposits. 5. Coral reefs Types - Distribution.

References: 1. Anikouchine, W.A. and Sternberg. R.W. 1973 The World Ocean An Introduction to Oceanography, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey. 2. Grald S. 1980 General Oceanography An Introduction, John Wiley & Sons, New York. 3. 4. King C.A.M 1975 Oceanography for Geographers, E.Arnold, London. Sharma R.C.Vatal.M. 1970 Oceanography for Geographers, Chetnya Publishing House, Allahabad. 5. U.S.A. 6. Dux Bury C.A. Dux Bury B. 1996 An Introduction to the Worlds Oceans, Brown Iowa, II edition. C. Garrison.T. 2001 Oceanography An Introduction to Marine Science, Pacific grove,

WORLD REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY 1. Regions Definition Types Formal Natural climate Soil Vegetation. 2. 3. Functional Regions Nodal, Metropolitan Adhoc Compage. Rainy Tropics Wet Dry Tropics - Monsoon Tropics - Tropical Desert Tropical High lands. 4. Dry summer sub Tropics Humid sub tropics, long summer Humid continentals Short summer Humid continentals Dry Continentals. 5. Marine West Coasts - Middle latitude High lands Sub Arctic Polar lands.

References:

1.

Oliver, H.Heintzelman, Richard M. Highsmith, J.R. 1965, 1971 World

Regional Geography, Printice Hall of India (P) Ltd., New Delhi. 2. Roger Minshull 1967 Regional Geography: Theory and Practice, Hutchinson

University Library, London. 3. Cole .J. 1996 A geography of the worlds Major Regions, Rout ledge,

London. 4. York. 5. Jackson R.H. & Hudman L.E. 1991 World Regional geography; Issues for De Blij H.J. 1994 Geography Regions & concept John Wiley New

Today, John Wiley, New York. 6. Gourou P. 1980 The Tropical World, Longman, London.

BASIS OF GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM

1.

GIS Definition components Functions Basic Map concepts Topology GIS referencing system.

2.

Data Sources and Data Input - spatial and non-spatial data Resource - Resource Survey Survey data Census data Remotely sensed Digital data Data format Key Board Entry Digitization Scanning.

3.

Data structures and Quality: Raster data Vector data Three classic data models Data quality sources of error.

4.

Data conversion management, Principles and Approaches Data manipulation Reclassification Aggregation - structure conversion Map query Scale and projection change Distortion removal edge match.

5.

Data Analysis and Display - Data Cubes (place, variables and time) Map layers Data output Hard Copy Soft Copy devices.

References: 1. Arnold. S. 1989 Geographic Information System A Management, Perspective, DDL Publications, Ottawa. 2. Clarke 2001 Getting started with Geographical Information systems, Prentice Hall, New Jersey. 3. Dr. M.A. Siddique 2006 Introduction to Geographic Information Systems, Sharda Pustak Bhawan, Allahabad. 4. Stan Aronoff 1993 Geographic Information System: A Management Perspective, Ottawa, Canada. 5. P.A.Burrough, McDonnell 1998 Principles of Geographic Information System, Oxford University Press. 6. Star.J & J Estes 1994 Geographic Information System: An introduction, Prentice Hall, Engle wood cliff.

HUMAN GEOGRAPHY

1. Human

Geography:

Scope

and

Content-Schools

of

Thought-Determinism-

Possibilism- Probabilism. 2. Major Races-Classification of Races-World Distribution of Races 3. Population-Composition-Distribution-Density-Migration-Migration TypesDeterminants-Demographic Changes-Theories of Population-Malthus-Optimum Population-Demographic Transition. 4. Settlements-Types-Temporary and permanent-Rural settlements-Site and SituationForm and pattern 5. Settlements-Urban- Site and Situation-Functional classification of Towns6. Human Geography: Scope and Content-Schools of Thought-DeterminismPossibilism- Probabilism. 7. Major Races-Classification of Races-World Distribution of Races 8. Population-Composition-Distribution-Density-Migration-Migration TypesDeterminants-Demographic Changes-Theories of Population-Malthus-Optimum Population-Demographic Transition. References:

1. Misra M.P. 1978, 1998 Million cities of India, Vikas Publishing. 2. Negi, B.S. 1991 Rural Geography, Kedarnath & Ramanath, College Road, Meerut. 3. Northem .R.K. 1972 Urban Geography, John Wiley and Sons, New York. 4. Peter & Hagget 1987 Geography A Modern Synthesis Harper & Row Publisher, New York. 5. H. Carter 1978 Study of Urban Geography, Mc Grew Hill, New Delhi. 6. Majid Hussain 1979 Human Geography S.J. Publications, Meerut

DISASTER MANAGEMENT 1. Disaster management: Definition- Nature- scope and content- classification of disastersdistribution of disaster( Global, National and regional) 2. Natural disasters- process- general characteristics and predictability- distribution pattern(earthquakes- Tsunami- volcanoes- cyclones- tornadoes and Hurricane- hail stormsfloods droughts- landslides and land subsidence) 3.mand made disasters- causes- general characteristics and predictability- distribution pattern (deforestation- environmental pollution- human / animal epidemics- desertificationethnic wars and mass destruction- leakage of toxic waste) 4. Disaster management and mitigation- role of Government and non- govt agenciesvoluntary organizations- community Participation- reconstruction and rehabilitation programmes 5. Disaster management planning- awareness and preparedness-forecasting and warning of disasters- risk and vulnerable analysis- prevention and precautionary measures- damage assessment References; 1.Sharma.v. ed 1994 Disaster Management NCDM, IIPA, New Delhi

GEOGRAPHY OF TOURISM 1. Tourism :Growth and development Modern Tourism Transport development Basic components of Tourism Elements of Tourism. 2. Tourism Motivation Physical Cultural Social Types of Tourism Leisure Recreation Hospitality. Geffrey Walls Theory. 3. Accommodation Emergence of Hotels Supplementary accommodation classification geographic distribution changing profile food continental ethnic cuisines. 4. Tourism organisation International National Regional Local Public Private Travel information Role of Travel Agency Guide Services Soft skills Role of Soft Skill in Visitors service. Tourist centers classification Peters Inventory

5.

Tourism promotion Advertisement Public Relations Tourist Publicity Mass communication Role of Handicrafts Fairs and Festivals, India as a paradise for Tourist Importance of Tourism in Indian Economy.

References: 1. Bhatia A.K. 1999 Tourism Development Principles & Practices Sterling publishers New Delhi. 2. Bhatia A.K. International Tourism Fundamentals & Practices Sterling publishers New Delhi. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Fodder Hoddles 1990 Fodders Guide of India, Hoden and Strongton. Maneet Kumar 1992 Tourism Today, Kanishka Publishing House, Delhi.. Michael M.Coltman 1989 Tourism Marketing, Van Nostrand Reintold, New York.. Rosemary Burton 1995 Travel Geography, Pitman Publishing, London. Williams Stephen 1988 Tourism geography, Routeledge Contemporary Human geography, London.

PLANT GEOGRAPHY 1. Plant Geography scope and Development of Plant Geography Bio sphere: Plant life Nature and Classification of Plants. 2. Factors influencing distribution Physiographic Climatic Edaphic factors influencing Biota Human Impacts. 3. Geographical distribution of Plants Importance of Plants Use of Plants Bio diversity - convention. 4. Plant dynamics and Nature of Vegetation Primary and Secondary Plant succession Mono and Poly climate Gradient analysis and the continuum. 5. Major biomes of the World Forest and Grassland Distribution Species extinction.

References: 1. C. Berry Cox et al. 1980 Bio-Geography : An Ecological and evolutionary

Approach, English language Book Society, London. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. H. Robinson 1982 Bio-Geography, The English Language Book Society, London. Joy Tivy 1990 Bio-Geography A Study of plants in the Bio Spheres. Nigel Pears 1989 Basic Bio-Geography, Orient Longman press. Huggett R.J. 1998 Fundamentals of Biogeography, Routledge, U.S.A. Hoyt J.P. 1992 Man & Earth, Prentice Hall, U.S.A.

ANIMAL GEOGRAPHY

1.

Animal Geography Scope and development of Animal Geography Animal Life Nature and Classification of Animals.

2.

Factor influencing distribution Physiographic, Climatic, Biotic and Human impacts.

3. 4.

Geographical Distribution of Animals Zoo Geographical Regions of the World. Wild life Preservation Methods of Preservation Bio-Diversity Convention and

conservation. 5. National and International Policies and Programmes on Animal Conservation Legislative measures in India Wild Life management Bio-diversity Bill.

References:

1. C.Barry Cox et al. 1980 Bio-Geography : An Ecological and evolutionary Approach, English language Book Society, London. 2. H. Robinson 1982 Bio-Geography, The English Language Book Society, London. 3. Joy Tivy 1990 Bio-Geography A Study of plants in the Bio Spheres. 4. Nigel Pears 1989 Basic Bio-Geography, Orient Longman press. 5. Huggett R.J. 1998 Fundamentals of Biogeography, Routledge, U.S.A. 6. Hoyt J.P. 1992 Man & Earth, Prentice Hall, U.S.A.