I/ 2012

I/ 2012

 2012 . .

. :


1779 Massachusetts Avenue, NW
Washington, D.C. 20036
United States
P +1 202 483 7600 F +1 202 483 1840
CarnegieEndowment.org | info@CarnegieEndowment.org
:

2026 1210

.
961 1 991 291 :
961 1 991 591 :
. 1061 - 11 :
www.carnegie-mec.org
info@Carnegie-mec.org
:
http://www.CarnegieEndowment.org
. :
pubs@CarnegieEndowment.org

..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

:2010

...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................

11

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................................

14

...................................................................................................................................................................

17

..................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................................

20
22
24

.

.
. .


.


.

.
.
.

.
.


.
.
.

/ 2011 .

.










.
1884
1975
.1979
.
() 1973
.1976
.


.1991


.
85 ( )
150 .

.

.
.


.

.


.

.

.
.








.
.

.

1.

: -
.


:

.


.

:2010


/ .2010

.

.
20/
. /
2011 / .
/
2011
.

.


.
-


. .

.
.

.

( )


.
.
/ 2011 - -

.
.


.

.

.
.


.
.
.


.
.


.


.
.


.

2.
.

.
.
.
.

.

.
.

/ .2011

.


3
. .
/ 2011
.
.


.
4
()2010 ( ).

.

.

.
.
( ) ...


5.

.

.

.
.


.




.

.

.
.

. 5 / 2011

27
6.
.
.

.

.
.

15 .


.


.


.

.

2011
.
.

.


.

10

.
( ).


1991

.

.
.
2011
.
.

. (
) . .
.
( ) . -
.

.
.


/ 2010 .
.
.


.
.


.

.1975

.

.1975
.

.


.
.


.


.


( ) .

.

.

11

12

.

.
.
.

. .

.
.
.

.
1991

/ 1992 .


.
.
.

.

.
. .

.

.
.

.
.
.
/ 2009

.
. 7.
.


/ .2010 .
8000
.
. .
.
:
. :


160 .

( )
.

.

.

.
.

13

14

.
. .



.



.
.
.

.
.
.


.
.


.

.
1975

.

.

/ 1999 .
( ) .
. 2005
.

.


.
: .

.
2009
.

.
.



.
74 1974 507
.
160 . 2008
18
. - - 2009
.
.

. / 2010

.

15

16

.

.
8
/ .2010 .

.

.
.

.

. 1975
.
.
.

.
.

.



.
.


.
.

.






8.

.

.

.
.


( .)2008-2005
.

.

.

.
.

17

18

.
.



.

.
.
.



9
.

. .
/ 2011
.
.
: .

.
)
(
.

.

.
.
.
.

.
.




.

.

.
.
.


.

19

1
William Maclean, Analysis: Africas Sahel scrambles to avert slide into hell, Reuters,
January 23, 2012. http://af.reuters.com/article/maliNews/idAFL5E8CN13M2012012
3?sp=true
2
Transnational Threats Updates, Center for Strategic and International Studies,vol.
8, no. 3, May 2010. http://csis.org/files/publication/ttu0803.pdf.
3
Ibid.
4
Sahara occidental: divorce consomm entre le Mali et le Polisario? Jeune Afrique,
December 27, 2011, www.jeuneafrique.com/Article/ARTJAWEB20111227114811/
maroc-mali-enlevement-terrorismesahara-occidental-divorce-consomme-entrele-mali-et-le-polisario.html.
5
Quoted in J. Peter Pham, Not Another Failed State: Toward a Realistic Solution in
the Western Sahara, Journal of the Middle East and Africa, vol. 1, no.1 (2010), 124.
6
David Goodman and Souad Mekhennet, Morocco Says It Foiled Terror Cell in
Sahara, New York Times, January 5, 2011, www.nytimes.com/2011/01/06/world/
africa/06morocco.htm.
7
Franois Soudan, La longue marche dAhmedou Ould Souilem, Jeune Afrique,
June 9, 2010. Accessed June 26, 2011, www.jeuneafrique.com/Articles/Dossier/
ARTJAJA2577p022030-.xml1/algerie-maroc-ambassadeur-mohammed-vilalongue-marche-d-ahmedou-ould-souilem.html.
8
William Maclean, Analysis: Africas Sahel scrambles to avert slide into hell,
Reuters, January 23, 2012. http://af.reuters.com/article/maliNews/idAFL5E8CN13
M20120123?sp=true.
9
Javier Perez de Cuellar, Pilgrimage for Peace: A Secretary-Generals Memoirs (New
York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006), 352.

20



:
Politics in Morocco: Executive Monarchy and Enlightened Authoritarianism

( .)2010 Routledge

/ / 2012

.

:
Political Violence in North Africa: The Perils of Incomplete
.Fighting the Growth of Terrorist Networks in the Maghreb Liberlization

.

.
1910 .


.

.



.


.
.

CarnegieEndowment.org