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  • تمارين وحلول في الحصيلة الكتلية والطاقية لتفاعل نووي

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    الغزيزال الحسن EL GHZIZAL Hassane
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    1K views3 pages

    تمارين وحلول في الحصيلة الكتلية والطاقية لتفاعل نووي

    Uploaded by

    الغزيزال الحسن EL GHZIZAL Hassane

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 3

    ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻧﻮﻭﻱ‬

    www.ibnalkhatib2.canalblog.com ‫ﺗﻤﺎﺭﻳﻦ ﻭﺣﻠﻮﻝ‬

    www.ibnalkhatib2.canalblog.com
    ‫ﺍﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
      84 Po − 86 Rn − 88 Ra − 90Th − 93 Np − 94 Pu :‫א 
     ولאو‬
    λ = 1,36.10-11 s-1 : !")‫א‬$%‫ذא&א‬،α‫"! אط‬# 226 Ra ‫(א אدم‬1
    226−‫*א אدم‬$+,‫ د‬-‫א‬./0 ،1$2‫ (א‬1.1
    t !")‫אوא‬1456(2.1
      1/2

     =>?6‫و‬-$@‫و‬A#‫א ول‬BC‫א‬.t 0 79,:;!m0 = 10-3 Kg 7$0$2،‫! 


    א אدم‬8$(3.1
     t0 + 4 t1/2  t0 + 3 t1/2  t0 + 2 t1/2 t + t1/2
     0   t0  tD$‫א‬
          *$+$E‫א אدمא‬0$2
    m(10-3Kg)
     .‫א; א‬.‫عد‬+,‫א‬H5/‫ و‬C$4 IJ$E‫אאא‬.،β− ‫"! אط‬# 239 Np ‫ م‬$F‫(א‬2
     ‫ م‬$F‫*א‬$+,‫ د‬1$2‫(א‬1.2
     .*$+$‫אא‬KL
    !M‫א@א‬145‫(א‬2.2
     ‫*؟‬$+$‫אא‬KL
    !M‫ א@א‬7:,‫ن‬6
    OPBO"6Q0!(3.2
    m( 239 Np ) : 239,12777u * m( 239 Pu ) : 239,12700u
     ‫אو‬B$O‫א‬:
    1u = 931,5MeV .C − 2 * m(e − ) = 0,00055u

    
    ‫ﺍﳊﻞ‬
    226
    &0V)‫אدא‬W+X‫د)א‬S‫@ن‬T F, 88 Ra → 24 He + 226
    86 Rn :L*$+$‫( دא‬1.1
     (Y‫وא‬
    ln 2
     .t1/2 = 5,1.10 s= ‫و‬λ = 1,36.10 −11 -1
    :‫!د‬T F, t1 / 2 =
    ln 2 λ=
    t1 / 2 @/‫(
    א‬2.1
    10
    s Z$$4
    λ
     :CF$E‫*و `א‬$+$E‫א‬a‫א‬0$2_0E^‫ א‬.‫[אل‬4‫@ א\א‬1](3.1
     - ‫אدوא‬KOL‫و‬1/2 +1/4 :B ;‫وא‬b6QCF, cd*$+$ S ef >!cd‫و‬cd‫*א‬$+$ Scd‫!> א‬
     t0 + 4 t1/2  t0 + 3 t1/2  t0 + 2 t1/2  0t + t1/2   t0  tD$‫א‬
    1 1 1 1 15 1 1 1 7 1 1 3 1  0  *$+$E‫א אدمא‬0$2
     + + + =  + + =  + = 
    2 4 8 16 16 2 4 8 8 2 4 4 2 m(10-3Kg)

      93 Np → 94 Pu + −1 e :L‫د‬E‫(א‬2
    239 239 0

    

     
    [
    ∆E = m( Pu ) + m(e − ) − m( Np) .C 2 ] :L*$+$‫!
    א‬M‫(א@א‬2.2
    ∆E = m( Pu ).C 2 + m(e − ).C 2 − m( Np ).C 2
    MeV.C-2 5‫و‬B>$4uLB$O‫א‬5‫نو‬6g
    m(Pu).C2 = 239,127.931,5 = 222746,8MeV
    m(e) .C2 = 0,00055.931,5 = 0512325MeV
     m ((Np) .C2 = 239,12777.931,5 = 222747,51 MeV
    :h@/‫א‬iC4‫א‬j C‫א‬$

    ∆E = −0,2 MeV
     ((2& E‫א‬145)‫ א‬5‫"عو‬#BO"Q0!@‫א‬kKL 7:,

    
    
    www.ibnalkhatib2.canalblog.com
    ‫ﺍﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
    14
    7$$+,‫[د‬K‫وא‬ 6 C ‫ ن‬O‫א‬:E‫
    אא&א‬0 0@F4Q0!l‫אدא‬E‫א‬1 2 ,iBeK‫ نא‬O‫^ א‬$(1
     .β−‫א)"ع‬mF‫א‬A#
     Y $E‫א‬0A 0$O‫و!دא‬ZY‫دאא‬n،14‫ ن‬O‫*א‬$+$‫אو‬B!+$‫ دא‬1$2‫(א‬1.1

      4 Be − 5 B − 6 C − 7 N − 8 O .Y$E‫אא‬o!(2.1

     t 0= 0 :Y0‫!دאא&!א‬N0،t:Y0‫א‬i.‫א‬$E‫א‬E‫ !دאא&א‬N (t ) = N 0 .e − λ .t @/‫א‬,(2


    ln 2
      t1 / 2 = @/‫א‬Z$$S‫א‬، !")‫אوא‬c ,p!6(1.2
    λ
    3
    l!‫! 
     د‬i‫د‬.E‫ نא‬O‫א‬0$2Lm 0 *2‫ذא‬#،t1/2 = 5,5.10 ans L14‫ ن‬O0!")‫(אوא‬2.2
    t1 = 2 t 1/2 :Y0‫!א‬l‫א א‬kKLi‫د‬.E‫ نא‬O‫א‬0$2m0 r.‫و‬6،t0 = 0 :Y0‫و!א‬q
    m
     = 79 0 0 F4‫ن‬O,D,6i(3.2
    m0
     j@.1e !,.‫ص‬d$ r‫אא‬KLc@$7, !‫و‬، ‫א‬t/u‫א‬i‫د‬.E‫ نא‬O‫&א; א‬,F‫א‬v$?(3
     ‫؟‬1x‫!> א‬L .C @‫א‬i*$+,1350C4‫א‬0$O‫`א‬+w،7‫א‬1 @1e
     !,‫و‬C @‫א‬i*$+,197

    
    :‫ﺍﳊﻞ‬
     W+Xr‫א‬o‫@א‬T F$-‫ وذ‬6 C → 7Y + −1 e :‫אو‬B!+$‫( دא‬1.1
    14 14 0

    14
      7 N :L‫و
    א ولא‬.A = 14 ‫و‬Z = 7 w$E‫אא‬
     .&‫א‬0‫و‬z‫א א‬cd*$+$ ‫ز‬/‫א‬t ½ E‫א‬L!")‫(אوא‬2.1
     ln 2 
    − 2 t1 / 2... .  N (t ) = N 0 .e − λ .t
     λ 
    N (2t1 / 2 ) = N 0 .e
    N
    N0 t = t1 / 2 ⇒ N = 0
    ⇒ N (2t1 / 2 ) = 2
     4 a‫ن!دא‬O t = 2t1/2:Y0‫((!א‬2.2 1 :
    N m 1 m0 ⇒ = e −λt1 / 2 ⇒ e −λ .t1 / 2 = 2
    = = ⇔m= 2
    N 0 m0 4 4 ln 2
    ⇒ t1 / 2 =
    λ
    
    m
    t1 / 2 . ln
     t = 1873ans :‫!د‬.& t = m0
    = ‫و‬
    m
    = 79 0 0 = 0,79 ⇒
    N
    = 0,79 *2‫ذא‬#(3.2
    ln 2 m0 N0
    

     a = a 0 .e − λ .t :Z$$4Sz‫א‬v@$‫ و
    @نא‬a 0 = λ .N 0 Lt = 0:Y0‫א‬i!")‫نאطא‬6j0(3
    a
    t1 / 2 . ln
    a0
     t = 15275ans = ‫و‬a 0 = 1350 ‫و‬a =197 ‫ع‬.& t = cd‫!> א‬IF,
    ‫و‬C4‫@א‬/‫
    א‬
    ln 2
     S15275L1x‫ذن!> א‬#

    

    
    :‫ﺍﳊﻞ‬  E‫א‬0 d+‫אدא&
    א‬$‫א‬p{E‫א‬
      239
    92 U 238‫|وא م‬

    
    !M‫‚>!
    אא&א‬L:E‫א‬0 d+‫( א‬1   E‫א‬0 d+‫א‬t ! (1
     &$$+$‫
    א‬040S 0 z‫`אא‬+ BO‫א‬i0%}B2q  , + O1$2‫( א‬2
    Z +N
    &‫ زאא‬Z$$4= ‫و‬ Z X L‫א‬q  (2  Y‫د‬5‫و‬

    :p{E‫א‬i‫د‬.E‫א‬ (1) ;(2) ,(3) m/%‫&א‬$$+$‫&א‬r‫ د‬1$2‫( א‬3

    83 Bi; 84 Po; 82 Y ≡ 82 Pb
    210 ‫~ل‬B2‫ل‬/eFE‫دאعא)"عא‬n
    82 Pb; 210 210 206 206

    –‫€ون‬O)،(3)*$+$‫!
    א‬M‫א@א‬145‫( א‬4
     :L&$$+$‫( א‬3
    β − (eV) p^
    82 Pb → 83 Bi + −1 e
    (1):210 210 0

    ‫ م‬F‫نאوא)"!א‬6>0! (5
    β−
      ( 2):
    210
    83 Bi → 210
    84 Po + e
    0
    −1 t ½ =138 jours
    α
    84 Po 
    (3):210 → 82 Pb + 2 He
    206 4
    ‫ 
    ! א‬7/8*$+$ ‫ز‬/‫א‬E‫دא‬5(1.5
    ∆E = ∆m.C 2 Po
    [
    ∆E = m( He) + m( 206 ]
    82 Pb) − m( 84 Po) .C :M‫(א@א‬4
    210 2  :
    ∆E = 5,4MeV m(Y ) = 206,0385u
    m( Po) = 210,0482u
    ln 2 ‫ن‬6j0(1.5
    λ= 
    1u = 9315MeV .C − 2
      λ = 5.10 ( jours) = ‫و‬
    −3 −1
    t1/ 2 m(α ) = 4,0039u
    
    
    2.5
    
    N 
    t1/ 2.ln  CS@/!

    N/N0 =1/8 b
    

    N0 

    t= t = 415joursh 

    ln2 

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