ENVIRONMENTAL LAW 23AUG2011: Introduction to Course Gulf Oil Spill: http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/subjects/o/oil_spill s/gulf_of_mexico_2010/index.html Natural Resources Damage Assessment: http://www.nytimes.com/2011/04/21/us/21spill.html?

scp=3&sq=gulf%2 0oil%20spill%20&st=cse *** Clean Water Act: CWA 33 U.S.C. 1311(a) Illegality of pollutant discharges except in compliance with law CWA 33 U.S.C. 1362 - Definitions CWA 33 U.S.C. 1319(d), 1319(c)(1)- Enforcement; Civil penalties; factors in determining amount | Criminal penalties; negligent violations *** Damage to Wildlife Sea Turtles: http://www.seaturtles.org/article.php?id=2035 Endangered Species Act: ESA 16 U.S.C. 1538(a)(1) Prohibited acts; Generally (ESA 9) ESA 16 U.S.C. 1532(19) Definitions; take (ESA 3) *** Cleaning up the Oil Who is responsible? Oil Pollution Act: OPA 33 U.S.C. 2702 (a) Elements of liability; In General OPA 33 U.S.C. 2702 (b) Elements of liability; Covered removal costs and damages

OPA 33 U.S.C. 2701 Definitions OPA 33 U.S.C. 2704(a) Limits on liability; General rule OPA 33 U.S.C. 2704(c)(1) Limits on liability; Exceptions; Acts of a responsible party OPA 33 U.S.C. 2702(b) Elements of liability; Covered removal costs and damages 25AUG2011 Introduction to Common Law Claims Westcoast Widget Works Introductory Story *** Gaba: Chapter 3 Common Law Torts *** Nuisance Law: Spur Industries, Inc. v. Del E. Webb Co., 494 P.2d 700 (1972) 30AUG2011 Environmental Economics/Administrative Law Gaba: Chapter 1, pp 40-44 Economic Considerations/Ethical Considerations *** Gaba; Chapter 2, pp 49-51 Administrative Process *** Administrative Procedure Act APA 5 U.S.C. 551 Definitions APA 5 U.S.C. 553 Rule making *** WWW Case Study with new EPA air pollutants http://epa.gov/airquality/powerplanttoxics Consider APA procedural steps for EPAs rulemaking

01SEP2011

Citizen Challenges to Rulemaking http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/ezra-klein/post/getting-readyfor-a-wave-of-coal-plant-shutdowns/2011/08/19/gIQAzkZ0PJ_blog.html *** Judicial Review Gaba; Chapter 2, pp 51-51 Judicial Review *** APA 702 Right of review APA 704 Actions reviewable APA 706 Scope of review *** Standing: Lujan v. Defenders of Wildlife, 504 U.S. 555 (1992)

06SEP2011

Endangered Species Act How does a species get listed? Gaba; Chapter 11, pp 248-250 Endangered Species Act *** ESA 2 Congressional findings and declaration of purpose and policy ESA 3 Definitions ESA 4 Determination of endangered species and threatened species ESA 7 Interagency cooperation *** Power of the ESA Tennessee valley Authority v. Hill, 437 U.S. 153 (1978)

08SEP2011

Endangered Species Act (Continued) ESA 9 Prohibited acts ESA 9(a)(1)(B) ESA 10 Exceptions ESA 11 Penalties and enforcement *** Floridas Endangered Species: http://www.floridaendangeredspeciesnetwork.org/ http://www.floridapanthernet.org/index.php

13SEP2011

Clean Water Act Introduction: William Andreen Water Quality Today Has the Clean Water Act Been a Success? 55 Ala. L. Rev. 537 (2004) *** Gaba; Chapter 5, pp 83-95, 110-111 Clean Water Act | NPDES permitting | Pretreatment Programs *** CWA 101 Congressional declaration of goals and policy CWA 301(a) Effluent limitations; Illegality of pollutant discharges except in compliance with law CWA 502 Definitions CWA 402 National pollutant discharge elimination system

15SEP2011

Clean Water Act (Continued) Permit requirements Gaba; Chapter 5, pp 95-105 Technology-Based Limits ***

CWA 301(b) Effluent limitations; Timetable for achievement of objectives CWA 304(a) Information and guidelines; Criteria development and publication CWA 304 (b) Information and guidelines; Effluent limitation guidelines CWA 301 (n) Effluent limitations; Fundamentally different factors CWA 306 National standards of performance 20SEP2011 Clean Water Act (Continued) Gaba; Chapter 5, pp 105-109 Water Quality Standards-Based Limits *** Non-poin-source Pollution http://www.epa.gov/owow/nps/qa.html 22SEP2011 Clean Water Act (Continued) Wetlands Basic Wetlands Information: http://www.epa.gov/owow/wetlands/ Functions and Values of Wetlands http://www.epa.gov/owow/wetlands/pdf/fun_val.pdf *** Dredge & Fill Permits Gaba; Chapter Eleven, pp 247-248 Regulation of Wetlands Under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act *** CWA 404 Permits for dredged or fill material *** CWA definition of navigable waters:

Rapanos v. United States, 126 S. Ct. 2208 (2006) 27SEP2011 Clean Water Act (Continued) Environmental Enforcement Gaba; Chapter 9 Government Enforcement and Citizen Suits District Courts Decision on Laidlaw: Friends of the Earth v. Laidlaw Environmental Services, 956 F. Supp. 588 (1997) Supreme Courts Opinion on Laidlaw: Friends of the Earth v. Laidlaw Environmental Services, 528 U.S. 167 (2000) *** CWA 309 Enforcement CWA 309(d) Civil penalties; factors considered in determining amount 29SEP2011 Citizens Clean Water Act (Continued) Environmental Enforcement Private

What did Friends of the Earth get by winning the Laidlaw case? *** CWA 505 Citizen suits 04OCT2011 Land Pollution (RCRA) Solid Waste Resource Conservation and Recovery Act Gaba; Chapter 7, pp 169-185 Resources Conservation and Recovery Act *** RCRA Questions: What is this category of wastes called? How is it defined?

How do we know whether a solid waste is covered by the definition? What must generators do? What must transporters do? What must treatment, storage, and disposal facilities do? RCRA 1004 Definitions RCRA 3002 Standards applicable to generators of hazardous waste RCRA 3003 Standards applicable to transporters of hazardous waste RCRA 3004 Standards applicable to owners and operators of hazardous waste treatment, storage, and disposal facilities RCRA 3005 Permits for treatment, storage, or disposal of hazardous waste 06OCT2011 RCRA (Continued) Gaba; Chapter 7, pp 186-187 Land Ban, Exports LULU Locally Unwanted Land Use *** Gaba, Chapter 7, pp 188-189 RCRA 7003(a) Imminent hazard *** Introduction to CERCLA Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act Gaba, Chapter 8, pp 191-201 CERCLA CERCLA 101 Definitions CERCLA 103 Notification requirements respecting released substances CERCLA 104 Response authorities CERCLA 106 Abatement actions

*** CERCLA Essay Martine E. Cartwright Superfund: Its No Longer Super and It Isnt Much of a Fund, 18 TUL. ENVTL L.J. 299 (2005) Info on the Love Canal: http://biology.kenyon.edu/slonc/bio3/2001projects/Superfundkdanis/his torylovecanal.html 11OCT2011 CERCLA (Continued) Gaba, Chapter Eight, pp 214-217 Extent of Cleanup Gaba, Chapter Eight, pp 201-206 Liability provisions Gaba, Chapter Eight, pp 212-214 Recoverable Damages, Elements of a Cost Recovery Claim *** CERCLA 107 Liability (This section generates more litigation than any other section of environmental law) *** Experiential Project 13OCT2011 18OCT2011 CLASS CANCELLED CERCLA (Continued) CERCLA Responses CERCLA 104 Response authorities *** What are the two broad steps in a response? Can the federal government get somebody else to do the cleanup? CERCLA 106(a) Can a party refuse to comply with an order? CERCLA 113(h) Timing of Review

CERCLA 106(b) Fines; reimbursement 20OCT2011 CERCLA (Continued) Gaba; Chapter 8, pp 206-212 Extent of Liability U.S. v. NEPACCO, *** Whats the standard of liability? What about the usual requirement of proximate causation? Can liability be divided? What defenses are available? CERCLA 107(b)(3) Innocent landowner defense CERCLA 101(35)(A)/(B) Innocent landowner defense *** Brownfields congressional assurance against liability for purchasers and developers of brownfield sites, so long as developers are bona fide CERCLA 101(40) Bona fide prospective purchaser *** Corporate parents and Successors? *** Settlement CERCLA 113(f)/(h)/(j) Contribution/Timing of Review/Judicial Review *** Reimbursement? 25OCT2011 Clean Air Act Introduction to the CAA

Gaba; Chapter 6, pp 120-121, 131-140, 130-131 Introduction, NAAQS, New Source Performance Standards CAA 101 Congressional findings and declaration of purpose CAA 107 Air quality control regions CAA 108 Air quality criteria and control techniques CAA 109 National primary and secondary ambient air quality standards CAA 110 State implementation plans for national primary and secondary air quality standards CAA 111 Standards of performance for new stationary sources NAAQS: http://www.epa.gov/air/criteria.html 27OCT2011 CAA (Continued) Gaba; Chapter 6, pp 140-150, 153-157 Non-attainment program, Hazardous air pollutants CAA 171 Definitions CAA 172 Nonattainment plan provisions in general CAA 173 Permit requirements CAA 181 Classifications and attainment dates CAA 112 Hazardous air pollutants

01NOV2011

CAA (Continued) Mobile sources Gaba; Chapter 6, pp 127-130 Mobile Sources CAA 202 Emission standards for new motor vehicles or new motor vehicle engines Topics for consideration:

Hillsborough County public transportation: http://www.tampabay.com/news/politics/local/article1132102.ece % of U.S. City Dwellers using Public Transportation http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:USCommutePatterns2006(2).png Public Transit Use in U.S. Metro Areas http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:USCommutePatterns2006(2).png 03NOV2011 CAA (Continued) Cap & Trade concepts and the CAA Gaba; Chapter 6, pp 123-127, 158-160 Trading in general, sulfur dioxide trading *** CAA 401 Acid deposition control; Findings and pursposes CAA 403 Sulfur dioxide allowance program for existing and new units *** CAA Article: Joseph Goffman, Title IV of the Clean Air Act: Lessons for Success of the Acid Rain Emissions Trading Program, 14 Penn St. L. Rev. 177 (2006) 08NOV2011 National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) Gaba; Chapter 4, pp 63-73 NEPA *** NEPA 40 C.F.R. 1501.4 Whether to prepare an environmental impact statement NEPA 40 C.F.R. 1502.5 Timing NEPA 40 C.F.R. 1508 Terminology ***

Calvert Cliffs Coordinating Committee v. U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, 449 F. 2d 1109 (1971) 10NOV2011 NEPA (Continued) What has to be included in an EIS? Gaba; Chapter4, pp 73-81 EIS *** NEPA 40 C.F.R. 1502.10 Recommended format NEPA 40 C.F.R. 1502.14 Alternatives including the proposed action NEPA 40 C.F.R. 1502.16 Environmental consequences *** EIS examples: FWS Manatee EIS:
http://northflorida.fws.gov/Manatee/Documents/MMPARules/Final EIS/MMPA-final-EIS-040403.htm

Early Site Permit for Nuclear Reactor in Mississippi:

http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/doc-collections/nuregs/staff/sr1817/

15NOV2011

International Environmental Law Gaba, Chapter 12 Consideration of Environmental Law Global Climate Change Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2007): http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessmentreport/ar4/syr/ar4_syr_spm.pdf Carbon Dioxide Cap & Trade Failure: http://www.nytimes.com/2010/03/26/science/earth/26climate.h tml

17NOV2011

Experiential Project