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There are two generations for realization of power electronics-based FACTS controllers. The first generation has resulted in the Static VAR Compensator (SVC), and the Thyristor- Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC).
The second generation has produced the Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM), the Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC), and the Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC).
Circuit components
Series fixed capacitor (FC) Thyristor controlled reactor (TCR)
Practical Module
Advantages of TCSC
Rapid and continuous control of the transmission-line series-compensation level. Dynamic control of power in selected transmission lines within the network to enable optimal power conditions and prevent the loop of power. Damping of the power swings from local and inter-area oscillations.
Suppression of sub synchronous oscillations. Enhanced level of protection for series capacitors. Reduction of the short-circuit current.
Disadvantages
Circuit components
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Step down transformer Medium voltage switches gear. Compensation reactor. Thyristor valves converter. High order harmonics filtering device (capacitor banks). 6. water cooling system . 7. Full digital control system.
Principles of operation
The SVC regulates voltage at its terminal by controlling the amount of reactive power injected into or absorbed from the power system. When system voltage is low, the SVC generates reactive power (SVC capacitive). When system voltage is high, it absorbs reactive power (SVC inductive). The variation of reactive power is performed by switching three-phase capacitor banks and inductor banks connected on the secondary side of a coupling transformer.
Advantages of SVC
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Cheaper Higher capacity Faster & more reliable Simple operation Improve steady state stability & transient stability Voltage regulation Reduce transmission losses Increase power transfer capacity
Disadvantages of SVC
Benefits