Hector De Leon is the founder and managing partner of De Leon & Washburn, P.C. Mr.

De Leon focuses on administrative, ERISA, insurance, and health law, as well as general civil litigation. From 1975 to 1977, Mr. De Leon was General Counsel of the Texas State Insurance Board. In 1977, Mr. De Leon founded the law firm that is now De Leon & Washburn. He served as Legal Counsel to the Texas State Board of Pharmacy from 1978 to 1987 and has taught at the University Of Texas School Of Law as an Adjunct Professor since 1990, receiving a Faculty Service Award in 1995. Mr. De Leon received his J.D. from the University Of Texas School Of Law in 1973 and a B.S. in education from the University of Texas in 1970. He is a member of the State Bar of Texas and is Board Certified by the Texas Board of Legal Specialization in the area of Administrative Law. Mr. De Leon is a native of Austin and is fluent in Spanish. Mr. De Leon was the President of the Ex-Students' Association of the University of Texas from 2004 to 2005, and was named a Distinguished Alumnus by the Association in 2010. In honor of his distinguished commitment to the University, Mr. De Leon was chosen one of three recipients of the 2007 University of Texas Presidential Citation. Other 2007 recipients are former First Lady, Mrs.Lady Bird Johnson and former dean of the University of Texas College of Engineering, Dr. Earnest Gloyna. From 1993 - 1994 Mr. De Leon served as President of the U.T. School of Law Alumni Association. Mr. De Leon has been named a "Super Lawyer" in Administrative Law by Texas Monthly in 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009 and 2010. Mr. De Leon has been chosen to be included in the 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, and 2012 editions of "The Best Lawyers in America" in the specialty of insurance law. In 2006, Mr. De Leon secured a very rare ruling from the Administrative Law Judge at the conclusion of an administrative hearing before the State Office of Administrative Hearings recommending the granting of an application for an insurance agent's license contested by staff of the Texas Department of Insurance. Mr. De Leon has argued cases before the Texas Supreme Court and most of the Texas appellate courts, and tried business litigation cases in various venues in Texas. Mr. De Leon also has an extensive background in transactional practice having negotiated and drafted buy/sell agreements as well as employment and independent contractor agreements. Mr. De Leon has also represented clients on various government relations matters before the Texas Legislature and Texas Administrative agencies. Mr. De Leon has also been retained as an expert witness in arbitration and litigation matters relative to insurance issues.

whichmodernity aims at being the concret e e x p r e s s i o n . P r o g r e s s , i n t h i s peculiar sense, not only means the advancement of scientific learning b u t a l s o t h e i m p r o v e m e n t o f h u m a n s o c i e t y . T h e g r o w i n g consciousness of Man from little more than an ape to a fully thinking animal has led to a higher level of organization and stability within his communities, which were to become later on villages and cities. Overt i m e , w i t h t h e d e v e l o p m e n t and expansion of human activities, t h e organisation of these local units became more defined, and norms and laws were developed to control them. Again, all along History, we findm a n y s y s t e m s d e v i s e d b y v a r i o u s c i v i l i s a t i o n s a n d p e o p l e s f o r t h e purpose of ruling and governing, we observe the influence of personal or collective interests on the policies of governments and the outcome of conflicts, and we hear of and sometimes witness the contribution of i n d i v i d u a l s e i t h e r t o t h e prosperity or ruin of a particular state or country. Such evolutions and variations, past and present, in the ideasa n d p r a c t i c e s b e h i n d t h e o r g a n i s a t i o n a n d a d m i n i s t r a t i o n o f h u m a n societies are the proper subjects of Political Science.

Interrelationship

History - the bond between the political scientist and the historian is obvious in the observation that "history is past politics and politics present history." The political scientist frequently adopts a "historical approach" and employs knowledge of the past when he seeks to interpret present and probable developments in political phenomena. Economics - until late in the 19th century, political science and economics (the study of the production, distribution, and conservation, and consumption of wealth) were coupled under the name of political economy. Today, these fields are jointly concerned with the fact that economic conditions affect the organization, development, and activities of states, which in turn modify or even prescribe economic conditions. The political scientist regularly adopts an "economic approach" when seeking to interpret such matters as "public financial policies" and government regulation of business. Geography - geopolitics (a science concerned with the study of the influences of physical factors such as population pressures, sources of raw materials, geography, etc. upon domestic and foreign politics) indicates one approach which a political scientist frequently must adopt to help explain such phenomena as the early growth of democracy in Great Britain and the United States and its retarded growth in certain Continental Europe, and the rise of authoritarian governments in developing countries. Sociology and Anthropology - the political scientist, the sociologist (who specializes in the study of "society as a whole"), and the anthropologist (who studies "mankind" in relation to physical, social and cultural development) are all deeply concerned with the origins and nature of social control and governmental authority, with the abiding influences of race and culture upon society, and with the patterns of

POLITICAL SCIENCE: DEFINITION

It can be argued that the discovery of the laws of evolution has, these last two centuries, revolutionized the study of Man. Evolution has given a s o r t o f scientific sanction to the idea of human progress of

collective human behavior. Psychology - the political scientist as well as the psychologist promotes studies of the mental and emotional processes motivating the political behavior of individuals and groups. One of the many topics which the political scientist handles from a "psychological approach" is that of public opinion, pressure groups, and propaganda. Philosophy - the concepts and doctrines of Plato, Aristotle and Locke (and other universal thinkers about the state) are important to the specialist in academic philosophy and also to the political scientist. These concepts are the underlying forces in the framing of constitutions and laws. The political scientist considers the branch of philosophy called ethics, too, when he contemplates the moral background of proposed changes in social legislation. Statistics and Logic - the political theorist must possess a broad scientific background and a knowledge of current political problems, and he must employ scientific methods in gathering and evaluating data and in drawing conclusions. These involve a proper application of statistical procedures for the quantitative measurement of social phenomena and of logical procedures for the analysis of reasoning. Jurisprudence - this branch of public law is concerned with the analysis of existing legal systems and also with the ethical, historical, sociological, and psychological foundations of law. A comprehension of the nature of law(whether the "natural law" or the "divine law") and of statutes enacted by legislatures is indispensable to the political theorist. Law and state are inseparable. All states proclaim laws, effective within their jurisdictions, and enforce them through a system of penalties. To maintain a full understanding of the facts of political life, the political scientist has to combine the legal with the extralegal viewpoints.

It deals with the definition and meaning of fundamental concepts of Political Science like state, government, law, liberty, equality, justice, sovereignty, separation of powers, methods of representation, forms of government, grounds of political obligation and various ideologies. 2. Political Philosophy: It is concerned with the theoretical and speculative consideration of the fundamental principles used by Political Science. Eminent political philosophers like Plato, Aristotle, Machiavelli, Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau, Hegel, Mill, Marx, and Gandhi have expressed their views on nature, functions and ends of the state and government. 3. Political Institutions: It is also concerned with the study of formal political institutions such as the state and the instrument through which it acts the government. Hence, the scope of Political Science extends to the study of the organisation and working of formal institutions like the legislature, the executive and the judiciary, and in these days, of the electorate and even the administration.

4. Political Dynamics: The term refers to the forces and processes at work in government and politics. They influence and explain political action. They include the study of political parties, pressure groups, interest groups, lobbies, public opinion, propaganda and political semantics (meaning of words) which influence and manipulate political behaviour and attitudes of individuals and groups. 5. Public Administration: Public Administration is a major branch of Political Science and is emerging as an independent discipline in recent times. It deals with the organization, control and coordination of administrative machinery, personnel administration, financial administration, public relations, management, administrative law and adjudication etc.

State Nation Government

The nation state is a state that self-identifies as deriving its political legitimacy from serving as a sovereign entity for a nation as a sovereign territorial unit. The state is a political and geopolitical entity; the nation is a cultural and/or ethnic entity. The term "nation state" implies that the two geographically coincide. Nation state formation took place at different times in different parts of the earth but has become the dominant form of state organization. The concept and actuality of the nation state can be compared and contrasted with that of the city state, empire, confederation, and other state forms with which it may overlap. The key distinction from the other forms is the identification of a people with a polity.

Scope of Political Science

1. Political Theory:

6. International Relations and International Law: International Law is a body of general principles and specific rules which regulate the relationship among states and international institutions. The study of international relations is a growing area of Political Science. 7. Relation between the State and the Individual: The perennial and central problem, with which Political Science is concerned, is to establish proper relationship between the state and individuals. The state guarantees certain rights and freedoms to individuals and regulates their conduct and action through the legal system.