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Experiment #3 RC & RL Transient Response Reilley Keane ECE 2055 February 14, 2011

Objectives Just like in many common situations involving exponential decay, a charged capacitor discharges exponentially through its shunt resistance. The main objectives of this experiment were to observe this exponential change and understand the nature of RC and RL transient response. Based on our collected waveforms for RC and RL circuits, we learned to calculate time constants. Schematics Exercise #1: RC Circuit

Exercise #2: RL Circuit

Exercise #3: RL Circuit (Switched Resistor and Inductor)

Measured Data Exercise #1: R1 = 1.181k R2 = 0.6718k Table #1- Frequency & Capacitance of RC Circuit Frequency 100 Hz 120 Hz 1KHz 10KHz Table #2- Voltage vs. Time of RC Circuit (Increasing Waveform) X (Time s) 84 198 298 400 496 598 Y (Voltage V) 2.125 3.563 4.375 4.813 5.000 5.125 Capacitance 98.13nF 97.58nF 93.70nF 88.70nF

Table #3- Voltage vs. Time of RC Circuit (Decreasing Waveform) X (Time s) 1010 1034 1096 1196 1380 1698 ( ) Rise Time = 346s Fall Time = 378 s Exercise #2: R1 = 1.181k R2 = 0.6718k RL = 57.6 Table #4- Frequency & Inductance for an RL Circuit Frequency 100Hz 120Hz 1KHz 10KHz Table #5- Voltage vs. Time for RL Circuit (Increasing Waveform) X (Time ns) -39.0 -49.4 -59.4 -69.2 -79.4 -89.4 Y (Voltage V) 0 -.125 -.313 -.625 -1.188 -2.313 Inductance 29.33mH 29.34mH 28.60mH 28.10mH (See Graph 1) Y (Voltage V) 4.688 4.000 2.875 1.563 0.750 0.188

Table #6- Voltage vs. Time for RC Circuit (Decreasing Waveform) X (Time s) 0.8 10 20.4 30.2 40 50.2 Total Waveform for RC Circuit (See Graph 2) Rise Time = 35.6s Fall Time = 33.6s Exercise #3: Table #7- Voltage vs. Time for Inductor Voltage Circuit (Decreasing Waveform) X (Time s) 89.2 98.6 108.8 118.8 128.8 138.8 Y (Voltage V) 0 -1.938 -3.375 -3.938 -4.250 -4.438 Y (Voltage V) 4.813 2.687 1.438 0.813 0.438 0.250

Table #8- Voltage vs. Time for Inductor Voltage Circuit (Increasing Waveform) X (Time s) -10.2 -0.8 9.2 19.2 29 39 Total Waveform for Inductor Voltage Circuit (See Graph 3) Rise Time = -31.8s Y (Voltage V) -4.25 -2.188 -1.063 -0.5 -0.188 -0.063

Fall Time = 45s Calculated Results Exercise #1: = = 378/2.197 = 172.05s

% Error = [(172-170)/170]*100 = 1.176 % Exercise #2: = 33.6/2.197 = 15.2936 s % Error = [(15.2936-17)/17]*100= 10.0376% Exercise #3: = 48/2.197 = 21.8480 % Error = [(21.848-19)/19]*100=14.9893% Simulations There were no simulations in this experiment. Conclusions This experiment validated the relationship between the time constant and the fall time of voltage with respect to time for each circuit. All of my percent errors were low enough to confirm that the fall time can be divided by 2.197 to determine the time constant. This demonstrates that regardless of the schematics, the time constant is calculated using the same relationship. Lastly, by observing our data on the scopes, we were able to examine the exponential growth and decay of the voltage vs. time plots.

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