Contraception

Contraception refers to a direct and positive method of preventing conception before, during or
after the act of sexual intercourse.

Direct method contraception is directly willed either as an end of the means or a means to attain
another end.

Positive Method is meant used is deliberately arbitrary and determinate, and as such, is not a part
of the natural processes of sexual system, causing frustration of the generative faculty for conception.

Artificial Methods of Contraception

1. The Pill
Two kinds of Pill: A. The Combined Pill. This contains two female hormones: the estrogen and the progestin. B.The Mini-Pill. This contains only the progestin which is taken continuously. The pill suppresses ovulation, the process by which the ovum is produced. It thickens the cervical mucus making it not capable of being penetrated by the sperm.

Advantage:
It is easy very easy to use and consume. Helps the users to maintain a regular period that is lighter and less painful.

Disadvantage:
Hypertension and impaired vision. Increased risk of stroke or heart attack. Possible link to cancer or reproductive organs and of the breast. Increased risk of gall bladder disease and liver tumors.

Reduced blood levels of essential vitamins. REACTION: Well this contraceptive is very easy to apply but then there will always side effect. I thought at first the pill is the safest but then there will effect especially in the vision.

2. Norplant
Norplant is a series of six rubber rods or capsules that are implanted under the skin in the inside portion of a womans upper arm. The contraceptive effects can last for five years. Norplant 2. Differs in the number and size of the rods whose contraceptive effects can last even for seven years. It suppresses ovulation in only about 50 percent of cycles. Progestin causes thickening of the cervical mucus making it difficult for the sperm to go through. It may also induce early abortion. It alters the lining of the uterus barring the fertilized egg from implanting itself.

Advantage:
Family Spacing and Size Some couples do want children to be a part of their future but want to have some control over the amount of time between each child. This can be used to control the amount of spacing between each child's births. Use of contraceptives gives a family control. When that family decides that it is not interested in any more children, use of contraceptives prevents the size of the family from changing.

Disadvantage:
Severe lower abdominal pain. Prolonged or heavy vaginal bleeding; or amenorrhea as experienced by more than two-thirds of all users. Arm pain and infection, migraine, headache or blurred vision.

REACTION:
This method can help also but it causes vaginal bleeding is the cause why there will be insufficient blood supply and its not good for person. The person also may suffer hypotension if she continues this method.

3. Contraceptive Injections
Depo-Provera commonly known as couple choice is injected every three to six month.

It prevents pregnancy by inhibiting ovulation. It prevents implantation since the normal functioning of endometrium is altered. Hence, it has an abortifacient action.

Advantage:
Spontaneous Sex Using a contraceptive can give you the freedom to enjoy spontaneous sex with your partner, without having to time the menstrual cycle to make sure that you are not having sex during a fertile time. With contraceptives, you can have sex at any time of the month.

Disadvantage:
Major disturbance of menstrual pattern. Mild deterioration of carbohydrate tolerance. Decrease in breast milk. Decrease and reduction of libido.

REACTION:
This type of method really can affect your future once you will have a family because when you gave breast feeding to your baby there will be less milk than the normal. So I therefore conclude that this method isnt that very helpful. Yes you will not get pregnant but the side effect.

4. Condoms
A condom is a thin rubber or latex sheath worn over an erect penis before the intercourse takes place. It is stored in a cool, dry place in order to prevent the deterioration of rubber. It also has limited shelf life as it may corrode over some time.

It traps the ejaculated sperm at the tip thereby preventing it from coursing through the vaginal canal towards the fallopian tube where the ovum is.

Advantage:
STD Protection External barrier methods of contraception, like the condom, can protect against sexually transmitted diseases. This is especially important if you plan on having one or more partners or are starting a new relationship with someone who has not been tested for sexually transmitted diseases. In fact, condoms are often recommended along with other contraceptive methods to prevent pregnancy and disease.

Disadvantage:
Societal ignorance toward their proper use and efficacy, which can lead to the spread of sexually transmitted diseases.

REACTION:
Well the method is easy but then the most issue is the HIV because even though this method isnt sure that can prevent.

5. Intra-uterine Device (I.U.D.)

Intra-uterine Device is a plastic device placed in the uterus through the cervical canal which may contain trace metals or hormones to increase efficacy.

Its mode of action is quite uncertain. However, it seems to serve as abortifacient by preventing implantation. It may also interfere with tubal function and prevent the passage of ovum or sperms favoring the development of ectopic pregnancy.

Advantage:
No Unplanned Pregnancies An unplanned pregnancy can turn your world upside down. If you are not ready for it, learning that you have become pregnant can be devastating. Instead of wondering or worrying what you would do about an unplanned pregnancy, make sure you always have a reliable form of contraception when you have sex.

Disadvantage:
It may create chronic inflammation of the endometrium. Occasional perforation of uterus or cervix requiring surgery. Pelvic inflammation that can cause sterility. Anemia due to excessive menstrual bleeding. Embedding, migration, of fragmentation of the IUD. Spotting or prolongation of menstrual flow.

REACTION:
Lots of things may happen when you are using this method and I think this method is dangerous because you may suffer many painful things. You can rewind time and take your action back so if youre using this method you must think if youre willing to take the risk for that such pleasure.

6. Spermicides
Spermicides are available in many forms including creams, jellies, suppositories, aerosol foam, and foam tablets.

Spermicides form a chemical barrier at the opening to the uterus that prevents the sperm from reaching the egg. They also damage and even destroy sperm cells.

Advantage:
Spermicide is easy to obtain and can be purchased in drugstores and supermarkets. No prescription or fitting is required. Insertion of spermicide is easy once the correct technique is learned.

Disadvantage:
If ever human sperm survives to unite with the ovum and conception occurs, greater incidence of congenital disorders among children conceived during the use of spermicides includes Downs Syndrome, limb reduction malformation, malignant neoplasm (cancerous tissue growths), and severe hypospadias. Increased chance of vaginal infections because the absorption of spermicides alters vaginas normal chemical environment. REACTION: For this method you must always read the instructions and follow them carefully. Because without following instruction the method will be useless and maybe effect your body. One error may affect everything.

7. Diaphragm
A diaphragm is a flexible metal ring covered with rubber in the shape of a shallow dome.

It is placed in the vagina to encircle the cervix completely and to prevent the sperm from entering the uterine cavity. It is usually utilized with spermicidal jelly or cream applied to the side of dome facing the cervix.

Advantage:
The diaphragm is often not felt by either partner during sex. The diaphragm is easier for women to learn to insert and remove than a similar contraceptive device, the cervical cap.

Disadvantage:
Local skin irritation caused by sensitivity or allergy.

If the diaphragm is left inside the vagina for more than one day (24 hours), the female runs the risk of toxic shock syndrome (TSS), a serious bacterial infection (as with tampons).

REACTION: For this method as I search about this, Diaphragms are more expensive than pills initially, but this is a one-time cost. So as I thought this is more dangerous and I think this is not a good especially when the diaphragm is being left inside the vagina.

Natural Contraceptives:
1. Rhythm Method
This method is based on an observation that the ovulation in females takes place 2 weeks before menses. Now as we know that the menses cycles in women may not be on precise day every month, the calculation of the safe period is done on the basis of duration of 12 previous cycles. First note down the shortest and the longest cycles during the last 12 cycles. The first fertile day will be minus 18 days from shortest cycle. The last fertile day would be minus 11 days from the longest cycle. For example : - if the short cycle is 25 days the first fertile day would be ( 25-18 ) - 7th day if the longest cycle is 32 days, the last fertile day would be ( 32-11 ) - 21st day. Thus there should be abstinence for 2 weeks from 7th to 21st day.

Advantage:
The rhythm method is completely safe, and requires no apparatus. It poses no threat to the users' health and has no effect on long-term fertility.

Disadvantage:
Some people find the time and attention required to keep the charts is a bother, or have schedules that are too unpredictable to take their temperature regularly. You must keep at least two months of charts before you begin to use this method of birth control. You can have "off" cycles that still put you at risk of getting pregnant.

REACTION: For this method this is so safe no affects in the body but then speak with a health care provider about this complex method before using it as your only form of birth control. Because a problem may occur especially when you menstruation is abnormal. And I think this may help for birth control without spending money.

2. Cervical Mucus Method

This method depends on the observation of changes in the consistency and the volume of cervical mucus in relation to the ovulation. On feeling the cervical mucus in the vagina by fingers the dry days and the wet days are recognized by the women. The wet days are the fertile days. The number of wet days is about 10 days in 28 day cycle. Wet days start with sticky white mucus for 2-3 days following 2-3 days dry days after menses. Sticky white mucus days are followed by clear slippery profuse mucus for 3-5 days (this slippery mucus is capable of being stretched between two fingers). The last day is called the peak day. Following peak day there is sticky mucus for 3 days. The end of fertile period.

Advantage:
The female may determine the day that is best date when she will not be pregnant.

Disadvantage:
When a she gave abnormal menstruation she wouldnt determine the exact date and she may get pregnant. REACTION: Well I think this method isnt safe and will not be useful enough to prevent pregnancy occur.

3. Coitus Interruptus
Coitus Interruptus is the act of withdrawing the male sex organ from the vagina during the sexual intercourse before ejaculation takes place. Mode of Action: It prevents the sperm from entering the reproductive system of the woman by making ejaculation take place outside the vagina.

Advantage:
May the male get th

Disadvantage:
Male may suffer from chronic congestion of his prostate. Female may also suffer from chronic congestion since the tissues are not deplethorized for a period of time. Both male and female may experience emotional and psychological imbalances.