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Femap
FEMAP
F90MAN-WRB01
F90MAN-WRB01
Copyright 2005 UGS Corp. Copyright 2005 Numerical Simulation Tech Co., Ltd. (NST)
Contents
1 Plate Modeling
1.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................1-1 1.2 Model .........................................................................................................................1-1 1.3 Step1: Geometry model creation................................................................................ 1-2 1.4 Step2: Define Material and Property..........................................................................1-7 1.5 Step3: Create Mesh ....................................................................................................1-8 1.6 Step4: Check Model ................................................................................................. 1-10 1.7 Step5: Set Boundary Condition................................................................................ 1-11 1.8 Step 6: Post-process ................................................................................................. 1-15
2 Workplane
2.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................2-1 2.2 Feature of Workplane.................................................................................................2-1 2.3 Workplane Management ............................................................................................2-2 2.4 Exercise ......................................................................................................................2-3
3 Bracket Modeling
3.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................3-1 3.2 Model .........................................................................................................................3-1 3.3 Step1: Create geometry model ...................................................................................3-3 3.4 Step2: Define Material and Property..........................................................................3-9 3.5 Step3: Create Mesh .................................................................................................. 3-10 3.6 Step4: Check Model ................................................................................................. 3-14 3.7 Step5: Set Boundary Condition................................................................................ 3-18
4.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................4-1 4.2 Group command.........................................................................................................4-1 4.3 Layer command..........................................................................................................4-1 4.4 Exercise ......................................................................................................................4-2
5 Element Reference
5.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................5-1 5.2 Line Element ..............................................................................................................5-1 5.3 Plane Element.............................................................................................................5-3 5.4 Volume Elements ...................................................................................................... 5-5
6 Geometry Solid
6.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................6-1 6.2 Model .........................................................................................................................6-1 6.3 Step1: Create geometry model ...................................................................................6-2
TOC-2
7 Tetrahedral Meshing
7.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................7-1 7.2 Model .........................................................................................................................7-1 7.3 Step1: Create geometry model ...................................................................................7-2 7.4 Step2: Define Material and Property..........................................................................7-3 7.5 Step3: Create Mesh ....................................................................................................7-5 7.6 Step4: Check Model ...................................................................................................7-9
8 Hexahedral Meshing
8.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................8-1 8.2 Model .........................................................................................................................8-1 8.3 Step1: Create geometry model ...................................................................................8-2 8.4 Step2: Define Material and Property..........................................................................8-5 8.5 Step3: Create Mesh ....................................................................................................8-6 8.6 Step4: Check Model ...................................................................................................8-9
9 Post Processing
9.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................9-1 9.2 Step1: Prepare File .....................................................................................................9-2 9.3 Step2: General Post Process.......................................................................................9-2 9.4 Step3: Advanced Post Process ...................................................................................9-6
1Plate Modeling
1.1 Introduction
Femap has wide variety of modeling functions and commands from basic to advanced. In this example, You will learn basic model creation and post-process as the first step of Femap operation. This example is prepared for Femap beginner users, thus you will understand basic idea of Femap and be familiar with Femap operation.
1.2 Model
Create a rectangle plate with hole, which will be applied to linear static analysis. Material, property, boundary conditions, and element type of this model are listed below; Material and Property Youngs modules: E=2.1 104 kgf/mm2 Poissons ratio: =0.3 Mass density:=8.0 10-10kgf s2/mm4 Thickness: t=1.0 mm Load and constraint conditions Apply constraints at right-side edge curve and loads as forced displacement at lest-side edge curve. Element type Plate
140mm
100mm
mm 40
X You must always use a consistent set of units when you develop your finite element model in the input file. The actual unit system you use doesn't matter. However, the unit system must agree with itself. In this example, Unit (mm, kg, sec) is used.
1-2
Plate Modeling
1. Select [Geometry] - [Curve] command. 2. [Locate] dialog is displayed. Enter (0,0,0) as first corner of rectangle. Push [OK] button.
3. Again, [Locate] dialog is displayed. Enter (140.,100,0) as diagonally opposite corner of rectangle. Push [OK] button.
Adjust view
Apply [Autoscale] command to fit the entire model in your screen.
100. 90. 80. 70. 60. 50. 40. 30. 20. 10. 0. Y Z X
X 0. 10. 20. 30. 40. 50. 60. 70. 80. 90. 100. 110. 120. 130. 140.
On the screen, green line indicates curve and yellow mark indicates point. Yellow frame with ruler is workplane.
Most of geometry entity is created on the workplane. The workplane allows you to create two-dimensional geometry entity in a three-dimensional space. You can change locatation or direction of the workplane.
Create Circle
1-3
PLATE MODELING
Create Circle
Create a circle having a diameter of 40mm at center of the rectangle.
1. Select [Geometry] - [Curve-Circle] - [Center] command. 2. [Locate] dialog is displayed. Enter (70,50,0) as the center of the circle. Push [OK] button.
3. [Radius of Circle] dialog is displayed. Enter 20 as the radius of the circle. Push [OK] botton.
4. Again, [Locate] dialog is displayed. Push [Cancel] button for finish the command.
V1
100. 90. 80. 70. 60. 50. 40. 30. 20. 10. 0. Y Z X
X 0. 10. 20. 30. 40. 50. 60. 70. 80. 90. 100. 110. 120. 130. 140.
You can enter arithmetic operators (+,-,*,/) for numeric input since Femap automatically calculate the operations. For example, if you enter (140/2,100/2,0) into dialog and push [OK], Femap calculates automatically and save the location as (70,50,0)
1-4
Plate Modeling
1. Select [Geometry] - [Boundary Surface] - [From Curves] command. 2. [Entity Selection] dialog is displayed. Select [Select All] button for choosing all curves on
closed boundary. Push [OK] button.
3. Again, [Entity Selection] dialog is displayed. Push [Cancel] button for finish the command.
V1
100. 90. 80. 70. 60. 50. 40. 30. 20. 10. 0. Y Z X
X 0. 10. 20. 30. 40. 50. 60. 70. 80. 90. 100. 110. 120. 130. 140.
When you select femap command, [Entity Selection] dialog is frequently displayed. This dialog is used for selecting Femap eitities and there are a lot of methods to select. Try to use many methods.
1-5
PLATE MODELING
A
X 0. 10. 20. 30. 40. 50. 60. 70. 80. 90. 100. 110. 120. 130. 140.
Y Z X
0.
1. Select [Mesh] - [Mesh Control] - [Size Along Curve] command. 2. [Entity Selection] dialog is displayed. Pick the curve A (You can pick the curve by using left
click of mouse). Push [OK] button.
3. [Mesh Size Along Curves] dialog is displayed. Enter 16 in [number of elements] box. Push
[OK] button.
4. Again, [Entity Selection] dialog is displayed. Continuously setting mesh size along the line B
(these horizontal lines). Pick the curve B. Push [OK] button.
5. Again, [Mesh Size Along Curves] dialog is displayed. Enter 14 in [number of elements]
box. Select Biased. Enter 1.5 in Bias Factor box. Choose small elements at center. Push [OK] button.
6. Again, [Entity Selection] dialog is displayed. Continuously setting mesh size along the line C
(these vertical lines). Pick the curve C. Push [OK] button.
1-6
Plate Modeling
7. Again, [Mesh Size Along Curves] dialog is displayed. Enter 12 in [number of elements]
box. Select Biased. Enter 1.2 in Bias Factor box. Choose small elements at center. Push [OK] button.
V1
100. 90. 80. 70. 60. 50. 40. 30. 20. 10. Y 0.
0.
10.
20.
30. 40.
50. 60.
70.
8. Again, [Entity Selection] dialog is displayed. Push [Cancel] button for finish the command.
Check pitch of displayed . Every space on the circle between these marks is equal however every space on the horizontal line B between these marks is not equal. You use the bias of 1.5 to the line B for creating densest mesh at the center of the line. You can control mesh size by using this method. If you specify a bias of 0.5, the last element along that direction will be one half the size of the first element. Use a bias of 2 if you want the last element to be twice the size of the first element.
Define Material
1-7
PLATE MODELING
Define Material
1. Select [Model] - [Material] command. 2. [Define Isotropic Material] is displayed. Enter name (Whatever you want) in [Title], 21000 in
[Youngs Modulus, E], 0.3 in [Poissons Ratio, ru] and 8e-10 in [Mass Density]. Push [OK] button.
3. Again, [Define Isotropic Material] dialog is displayed. Push [Cancel] button for finish the
command.
Define Property
Define a property as plate element type, which has 1mm thickness.
1. Select [Model] - [Property] command. 2. [Define Property] dialog is displayed. Enter name (Whatever you want) in [Title]. Choose
material created previously from drop down list. Enter 1 in [Thickness], 0.5 in [Top Fiber], and 0.5 in [Bottom Fiber]. Push [OK] button.
3. Again, [Define Property] dialog is displayed. Push [Cancel] button for finish the command.
1-8
Plate Modeling
Turning [Quick-Cut] option on shortens the time required while usually having minimal impact on the overall mesh quality. If you want the best possible mesh, , turn this option off.
Now, nodes and elements are created. Regenerate view without displaying geometric entity and workplane (Refer next section). Green dot indicates node and white line shows shape of element.
V1
Y Z X
1-9
PLATE MODELING
3. [View Quick Options] dialog is displayed. Click [Geometry Off] and then push [Done] button.
Redraw View
1. Select [Window] - [Redraw] command (You can redraw view by <Ctrl+D>, <F12> or doubleclick on the screen).
1-10
Plate Modeling
Femap has function used to renumber node ID or element ID. It will be useful, when solver you use has the limitation of the maximum ID number. When you use this function, select [Modify] - [Renumber] command.
1-11
PLATE MODELING
Fully Fixed
Y Z X
1-12
Plate Modeling
3. [Create Nodal Constraints/DOF] dialog is displayed. Turn on check box [TX], [TZ] and [RY].
Push [OK] button.
4. Again, [Entity Selection] dialog is displayed. Pick the node at the center of the left-side edge
curve. Push [OK].
5. Again, [Create Nodal Constraints/DOF] dialog is displayed. Click [Fixed] button and then
push [OK] button.
6. Again, [Entity Selection] dialog is displayed. Push [Cancel] button for finish the command.
V1 C1
135 135 135 135 135 135 123456 135 135 135 135 135 Y Z X 135
The number located under symbol of constraint condition shows DOF (Degree Of Freedom) of the node. 1, 2 and 3 indicate [TX], [TY] and [TZ], respectively. 4, 5 and 6 indicate [RX], [RY] and [RZ], respectively.
1-13
PLATE MODELING
1. Select [Model] - [Load] - [On Curve] command. 2. [Entity Selection] dialog is displayed. Pick curve at the right-side edge of the model. Push
[OK] button.
3. [Create Loads on Curves] dialog is displayed. Choose [displacement] as load type. Turn on
check box [TX]. Turn off check box [TY] and [TZ]. Enter 0.01 into the box.
1-14
V1 L1 C1
Plate Modeling
4. Again, [Entity Selection] dialog is displayed. Push [Cancel] button for finish the command.
135 135 135 135 135 135 123456 135 135 135 135 135 Y Z X 135
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
1. Select [Model] - [Load] - [Expand] command. 2. [Expand Geometric Loads] dialog is displayed. Select [Expand] in [Operation]. Push [OK]
button.
If you use NASTRAN, you need to apply constraint of [TX] on the curve applied forced displacement. This is because that NASTRAN does not accept forced displacement without fixity of the direction, which accompanies with forced displacement.
Redraw View
1-15
PLATE MODELING
Redraw View
1. Select [Window] - [Redraw] command (You can redraw view by <Ctrl+D>, <F12> or doubleclick on the screen).
V1 L1 C1
0.01 135 135 135 135 135 135 123456 135 135 135 135 135 Y Z X 135 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01
Display Deformation
1. Select [View] - [Select] command. 2. [View Select] dialog is displayed. Select [Deform] in [Deformed Style]. Click [Deformed and
Contour Data].
1-16
Plate Modeling
3. [Select PostProcessing Data] dialog is displayed. Select [1..NX NASTRAN Case 1] in [Output Set] and [1..Total Translation] in [Deformation]. Push [OK] button.
135 135 135 135 135 135 123456 135 135 135 135 135 Y Z X 135
1-17
PLATE MODELING
3. [Select PostProcessing Data] dialog is displayed. Select [1..NX NASTRAN Case 1] in [Output Set] and [7033..Plate Top VonMises Stress] in [Contour]. Push [OK] button.
1-18
Plate Modeling
4. [Contour Vector Options] dialog is displayed. Select [Standard Vectors] in [Vector Type],
[7026..Plate Top MajorPrn Stress] in [Vector 1] and [7027..Plate Top MinorPrn Stress] in [Vector 2]. Turn on [Element Diagonal Bisector] in [Output Relative to]. Push [OK] button.
5. Return to [Select PostProcessing Data] dialog. Push [OK] button. 6. Return to [View Select] dialog. Push [OK] button.
There is contour display on the screen.
V1 L1 C1 3.032 2.794 2.557 135 135 135 135 135 135 123456 135 135 135 135 135 Y 135 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 2.32 2.083 1.845 1.608 1.371 1.134 0.896 0.659 0.422 0.185 -0.0527 -0.29 -0.527 -0.764
Z X Output Set: NX NASTRAN Case 1 StdContourVec: Plate Top MajorPrn Stress, Plate Top MinorPrn Stress
2Workplane
2.1 Introduction
Femap has two-dimensional plane called workplane, which enables effective Femap operation. The workplane allows you to create two-dimensional geometry in three-dimensional space. The workplane is a user-defined plane in Femap on which the results of certain commands will be placed. The workplane becomes very important when generating geometry.
2-2
Workplane
Define Workplane
There are four commands to locate workplane in space,
3. On Surface
The On Surface method allows you to align the workplane to a particular surface.
4. Previous
The Previous method requires no input. It simply places the workplane at its last previous location.
Move Plane
The Move Plane methods allow you to define the location of the workplane by translating or rotating the current workplane with a location input respect to its current location. There are three available methods for this type of procedure,
1. Offset Distance
This method allows you to both translate and rotate the workplane with respect to its normal (Z direction).
2. Move to Point
The Move to Point method simply translates the workplane origin to a specified location.
3. Rotate
This method allows you to rotate the workplane around an arbitrary vector.
2-3
and Move Origin), and the last two commands orient the X and Y axes (Align X Axis and Align Y Axis, respectively).
WORKPLANE
2.4 Exercise
You will learn basic idea of workplane through creating a model shown below;
V1
Circle 1
Circle 2
Z Y X
Circle 0
2-4
Workplane
Model Creation
1. Select [Geometry] - [Solid] - [Primitives] command. Push [OK] button as default setting. 2. Select [View] - [Rotate] - [Model] command. [View Rotate] dialog is displayed. Push [Dimetric] button.
3. Select [Geometry] - [Curve-Circle] - [Center] command for creating circle 1. [Locate] dialog
is displayed. Enter (0,0,1) (Try to create a circle on the top surface of the cube). Push [OK] button and then [Radius of Circle] dialog is displayed. Enter 0.2 as radius. Push [OK] button. Push [Cancel] button for finish the command.
4. Where is the circle created? According to the inputted location, it must be on the workplane
(yellow framed surface on the screen) not on the top surface of the cube. You will prove that when a command that is above the separator line in these Geometry commands is selected, the entity will always be created in the workplane.
V1
-0.5
-0.4
-0.3
-0.2
-0.1
0.
0.1
0.2
Z Y X
5. Select [Tools] - [Workplane] command or push [CTRL]+[W] button for viewing [Workplane
Management] dialog. Select [Select Plane] in [Define Plane]. Click right button of mouse and choose [Snap to Point]. [Plane Locate] dialog is displayed. Choose three points as the points in the figure shown above, orderly. Push [OK] button and then the workplane might be located on the top surface of the cube.
6. Select [Geometry] - [Curve-Circle] - [Center] command for creating circle 1. [Locate] dialog
is displayed and enter (0,0,0) (Try to create a circle on the top surface of the cube). Push [OK] button and then [Radius of Circle] dialog is displayed. Enter 0.2 and push [OK] button. Push [Cancel] button for finish the command.
You can create Circle 1. Create geometry by using workplane into three-dimensional space.
3Bracket Modeling
3.1 Introduction
This example is more advanced plate modeling than Chapter 1. You will learn plate element modeling in 3-dimensional through conducting this example.
3.2 Model
Create a Bracket model. Now you will model 1/4 of the bracket (light color portion in the figure), because of consideration that is symmetry of model shape and boundary condition.
R=15
R=3
=10 h=15 45
14
20
Material and Property Youngs modules : E=2.1 104 kgf/mm2 Poisson ratio : =0.3 Mass density :=8.0 10-10kgf s2/mm4 Thickness : t=1.0 mm
3-2
Bracket Modeling
Load and constraint conditions
Apply constraints at the axisymmetric line and the edge curve of circle. Apply force at the right side edge curve in the figure. Element type Plate Define Force Fy
V1
X-axisymmetric line
Cylinder
3-3
(0,15,0)
Arc(Parts of Cylinder)
90 (0,0,0)
Start point of line Center of Arc
(15,0,0)
Start Point of Arc
(45,0,0)
BRACKET MODELING
3. Again, [Locate] dialog is displayed. Enter (45,0,0) as second location for projected line. Push
[OK] button.
4. Again, [Locate] dialog is displayed. Push [Cancel] button for finish the command.
Adjust view
1. Select [View]-[Autoscale]-[Visible] command (<Ctrl+A>).
3-4
Bracket Modeling
4. Again, [Locate] dialog is displayed. Enter (15,0,0) as start of arc. Push [OK] button.
6. Again, [Locate] dialog is displayed. Push [Cancel] button for finish the command.
5. Again, [Fillet Curves] dialog is displayed. Push [Cancel] button for finish the command.
Adjust view
3-5
Adjust view
1. Select [View] - [Autoscale] - [Visible] command (<Ctrl+A>).
V1
X 0. 2.5 5. 7.5 10. 12.5 15. 17.5 20. 22.5 25. 27.5 30. 32.5 35. 37.5 40. 42.5 45.
Y Z X
On the screen, green color line indicates curve and yellow mark indicates point. yellow frame with ruler is the workplane.
Rotate Model
BRACKET MODELING
Move view point and workplane for creating surface of plane part.
1. Select [View] - [Rotate] - [Model] command. 2. [View Rotate] dialog is displayed. Click [Isometric] and then push [OK] button.
2.5
5.
7.5
10. 12.5 15. 17.5 20. 22.5 25. 27.5 30. 32.5 35. 37.5 X 40. 42.5 45.
1. Select [Geometry] - [Surface] - [Extrude] command. 2. [Entity Selection] dialog is displayed. Select [Select All] button for choosing all curves. Push
[OK] button.
3-6
Bracket Modeling
3. [Vector Locate] dialogue is displayed. Enter (0,0,0) as Base and (0,0,-10) as Tip. Push [OK]
button.
4. Again, [Entity Selection] dialogue is displayed. Push [Cancel] button for finish the command.
Adjust view
1. Select [View] - [Autoscale] - [Visible] command (<Ctrl+A>).
Move Workplane
1. Select [Tools] - [Workplane] command 2. [Workplane Management] dialog is displayed. Click on [Select Plane],
3. [Plane Location] dialog is displayed. Enter (0,0,0) in Base, (1,0,0) in Point 1and (0,0,-1) in
Point 2. Push [OK] button.
Redraw View
1. Select [Window] - [Redraw] command (You can redraw view by <Ctrl+D>, <F12> or doubleclick on the screen).
V1
0. 0.
2.5
5.
7.5
10.
2.5
5.
7.5
10. 12.5
15. 17.5
20. 22.5
25. 27.5
30. 32.5
1
35. 37.5 40. 42.5 X 45.
3-7
4. Again, [Locate] dialog is displayed. Push [Cancel] button for finish the command.
BRACKET MODELING
0. 0.
2.5
5.
7.5
12.5 10.
15.
2.5
Projection Surface
5. 7.5 10. 12.5 15. 17.5
Curve of Circle
20. 22.5 25. 27.5
Y Z X
30. 32.5
35. 37.5
40. 42.5
X 45.
4. [Entity Selection] dialog is displayed. Pick the curve of the circle as curves to project onto.
Push [OK] button.
5. Again, [Select Surface] dialog is displayed. Push [Cancel] button for finish the command.
3-8
Bracket Modeling
Delete Surface
1. Select [Delete] - [Geometry] - [Surface] command. 2. [Entity Selection] dialog is displayed. Pick the semicircle shape surface inside the rectangle
surface. Push [OK] button.
Redraw View
1. Select [Window] - [Redraw] command (You can redraw view by <Ctrl+D>, <F12> or doubleclick on the screen).
V1
0. 0.
2.5
5.
7.5
12.5 10.
15.
2.5
5.
7.5
10. 12.5
15. 17.5
20. 22.5
25. 27.5
30. 32.5
35. 37.5
40. 42.5
X 45.
Define Material
3-9
Define Material
1. Select [Model] - [Material] command. 2. Enter name (Whatever you want) in [Title], 21000 in [Youngs Modulus, E], 0.3 in [Poissons Ratio, ru] and 8e-10 in [Mass Density]. Push [OK] button.
3. Again, [Define Isotropic Material] dialog is displayed. Push [Cancel] button for finish the
command.
BRACKET MODELING
Define Property
Define a property as plate element type, which has 1mm thickness.
1. Select [Model] - [Property] command. 2. Enter name (Whatever you want) in [Title]. Choose the material created previously from drop
down list, enter 1 in [Thickness], 0.5 in [Top Fiber] and enter -0.5 in [Bottom Fiber]. Push [OK] button
3. Again, [Define Property] dialog is displayed. Push [Cancel] button for finish the command.
3-10
Bracket Modeling
Mapped mesh
1. Select [Mesh] - [Mesh Control] - [Mesh Approach on Surface] command. 2. [Entity Selection] dialog is displayed. Pick the surface with semicircle hole. Push [OK]
button.
3. [Surface Mesh Approach] dialogue is displayed. Select [Mapped - Four Corner] in [Mesher].
Pick four points shown in below. Push [OK] button.
0. 0.
2.5
5.
7.5
12.5 10.
15.
2.5
5.
7.5
10. 12.5
30. 32.5
35. 37.5
40. 42.5
X 45.
4. Again, [Entity Creation] dialog is displayed. Push [Cancel] button for finish the command.
3-11
1. Select [Mesh] - [Mesh Control] - [Size On Surface] command. 2. [Entity Selection] dialog is displayed. Select [Select All] button for choosing all curves. Push
[OK] button.
3. [Automatic Mesh Sizing] dialog is displayed. Enter 3 in [Min Elements on Edge] for increasing in mesh size along curve shorter than [Element Size]. Leave other options as default. Push [OK] button.
4. Again, [Entity Selection] dialog is displayed. Push [Cancel] button for finish the command.
Create mesh
BRACKET MODELING 1. Select [Mesh] - [Geometry] - [Surface] command. 2. [Entity Selection] dialog is displayed. Select [Select All] button for choosing all curves. Push
[OK] button.
3. Choose the property created previously from drop down list. Push [OK] buttom.
3-12
Bracket Modeling
Now, nodes and elements are created. Regenerate view without displaying geometry entity and workplane (Refer next section). Green dot indicates node and white line shows shape of element.
V1
3-13
3. [View Quick Options] dialog is displayed. Click [Geometry Off] and then push [Done] button.
BRACKET MODELING
Redraw View
1. Select [Window] - [Redraw] command (You can redraw view by <Ctrl+D>, <F12> or doubleclick on the screen).
3-14
Bracket Modeling
1. Select [View] - [Select] command. 2. [View Select] dialog is displayed. Select [Free Edge] in [Model Style]. Push [OK] button.
V1
3-15
When the display is like the figure shown above, there is no problem in the model. However if the this display is like the figure shown below, merging nodes is necessary because there are coincident nodes.
V1
BRACKET MODELING
3-16
Bracket Modeling
1. Select [View] - [Options] command. 2. [View Options] dialog is displayed. Select [Labels, Entities and Color] in [Category], [Element-Directions] in [Options] and [Normal Vectors] in [Normal Style]. Turn on [Show Direction]. Push [OK] button.
V1
Direction of allows indicates top of the elements. The directions of the element do not match. Now, modify direction of plate element normal.
1. Select [Tools] - [Check] - [Normals] command. 2. [Entity Selection] dialog is displayed. Select [Select All] button for choosing all curves. Push
[OK] button.
3-17
4. [Vector Locate] dialog is displayed. Enter (0,0,0) as base and (0,1,0) as tip. Push [OK] button. It is accomplished that all the direction of plate element normal match direction of positive Y-axis.
V1
BRACKET MODELING
3-18
Bracket Modeling
Rotate Model
Move view point and workplane for creating surface of plane part.
1. Select [View] - [Rotate] - [Model] command. 2. [View Rotate] dialog is displayed. Click [Back] and then push [OK] button.
3-19
1. Select [Model] - [Constraint] - [On Curve] command. 2. [Entity Selection] dialog is displayed. Pick the geometry curve at left-side edge. Push [OK]
button.
BRACKET MODELING
4. Again, [Entity Selection] dialog is displayed. Pick four geometry curves at the top edge. Push
[OK].
156
156
3-20
Bracket Modeling
6. Again, [Entity Selection] dialog is displayed. Pick the curve along the circle and then push
[OK] button.
8. Again, [Entity Selection] dialog is displayed. Push [Cancel] button for finish the command.
Rotate Model
Move view point and workplane for creating surface of plane part.
1. Select [View] - [Rotate] - [Model] command. 2. [View Rotate] dialog is displayed. Click [Isometric] and then push [OK] button.
3-21
1. Select [Model] - [Constraint] - [Expand] command. 2. [Expand Geometric Constraints] dialog is displayed. Select [Expand] in [Operation]. Push
[OK] button.
BRACKET MODELING
3-22
Bracket Modeling
1. Select [Model] - [Load] - [On Curve] command. 2. [Entity Selection] dialog is displayed. Pick the curve at the left-side edge of the model. Push
[OK] button.
3. [Create Loads on Curves] dialog is displayed. Choose [Force] as loading type. Turn on
check box [FY], turn off check box [FX] and [FY] and enter 1 into the box.
4. Again, [Entity Selection] dialog is displayed. Push [Cancel] button for finish the command.
These loads applied here are 1/4 of the actual loads, because the model is 1/4 of full model.
Adjust view
1. Select [View] - [Autoscale] - [Visible] command (<Ctrl+A>).
V1 L1 C1 1.
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3-23
1. Select [Model] - [Load] - [Expand] command. 2. [Expand Geometric Loads] dialog is displayed. Select [Expand] in [Operation]. Push [OK]
button.
Redraw View
1. Select [Window] - [Redraw] command (You can redraw view by <Ctrl+D>, <F12> or doubleclick on the screen).
V1 L1 C1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1
BRACKET MODELING
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3-24
Bracket Modeling
1. Femap entities can be exist in multiple groups. 2. Only one group can be displayed at a time. 3. Grouped model can be displayed in post-process with output.
This command is mainly used after creating model. Group command makes identifying specific entities very easy to isolate portions of a finite element model that are numbered in such a manner. You may also easily group elements using a particular property or material.
1. Femap entities must belong a layer. 2. Any combination of layers can be displayed at a time.
This command is mainly use during creating model. Layers are designed similar to layering in most CAD systems. The name layer comes from the clear sheet of paper analogy for CAD layering, where all the entities associated with a given layer would be drawn on a clear sheet of paper, and only the "active" clear sheets being overlaid would produce a visual image.
4-2
4.4 Exercise
You will learn basic idea of group and layer through creating a model shown below;
V1
Z Y X
Geometry Creation
1. Select [Geometry] - [Curve-Line] - [Rectangle] command. 2. [Locate] dialog is displayed. Enter (0,0,0). Push [OK] button. Continuously, [Locate] dialog is
displayed. Enter (1,1,0).
4. Select [Geometry] - [Boundary Surface] - [From Curves] command. [Entity Selection] dialog
is displayed. Click [Select All] and then push [OK] button.
5. Again, [Entity Selection] dialogue is displayed. Choose the circle curve created in 2. Push
[OK] button.
6. Again, [Entity Selection] dialogue is displayed. Push [Cancel] button for finish the command.
Now finish preparing geometry for creating mesh.
Mesh Creation
4-3
Mesh Creation
Before creating mesh, define Material and Property. One Solid element and One Plot Only element are defined. Process of defining Material and Property. Try to define them.
1. Select [Mesh] - [Mesh Control] - [Size on Surface] command. [Entity Selection] dialog is displayed. Push [Select All] button.
2. [Automatic Mesh Sizing] dialog is displayed. Push [OK] button as default setting. 3. Again, [Entity Selection] dialog is displayed. Push [Cancel] button for finish the command. 4. Select [Mesh] - [Geometry] - [Surface] command. [Entity Selection] dialog is displayed. Push
[Select All] button and then push [OK] button.
5. [Automesh Surfaces] dialog is displayed. Choose the property setting as Plot Only element
in [Property]. Push [OK] button. Now, dummy plane elements are created.
V1
0.95 1. Y 0.850.9 0.8 0.75 0.7 0.65 0.6 0.55 0.5 0.45 0.4 0.35 0.3 0.25 0.2 0.15 0.1 0.05 0. 0. 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5 0.55 0.6 0.65 0.7 0.75 0.8 0.85 0.9 0.95 1. Z Y X
Create solid elements, which composes cube shape, by extruding plane element.
6. Select [Mesh] - [Extrude] - [Element] command. [Entity Selection] dialog is displayed. Select
[Select All] and then push [OK] button.
WORKPLANE
8. [Vector Locate] dialog is displayed. Enter (0,0,0) in [Base] and (0,0,-1) in [Tip]. Push [OK]
button. [Confirm Delete] dialog is displayed. Push [OK] button.
4-4
0.8
0.9
1.
0.
0.1
0.2
0.3
1.
Z Y X
Now, mesh, of which the cube is consist, is created. Next, create mesh, which shape cylinder, by extruding the boundary surface defined on the circle. Group nodes, which are located on the circle, for a process later on carried out.
Group setting
1. Select [Group] - [Set] command. 2. [Create or Activate Group] dialogue is displayed. Enter a name (whatever you want). Push
[OK] button.
3. Select [Group] - [Node] - [On Surface] command. [Entity Selection] dialog is displayed.
Choose the boundary surface defined on the circle. Push [OK] button.
The Nodes located on the circle is grouped. View the group to check that the group is properly created.
Layer setting
4-5
4. Select [View] - [Select] command. [View Select] dialog is displayed. Push [Model Data] button. [Select Model Data for View] dialog is displayed. Turn on [Select] in [Group] and choose the group previously created.
You may see several nodes on the screen. View all model.
Layer setting
Next, create a new layer and create new entities on the layer.
1. Select [View] - [Layers] command. [Layer Management] dialog is displayed. Push [New
Layer] button.
2. [Create Layer] dialog is displayed. Enter 2 as [ID] and name as [Title]. Push [OK] button.
Again, [Layer Management] dialog is displayed. Push [OK] button.
Entities created from now belong to the new layer. Create Plot Only plane elements on the circle, and Solid elements by extruding these Plot Only elements.
WORKPLANE
3. Select [Mesh] - [Edge Members] command. [Entity Selection] dialog is displayed. Push
[Select All] button. [Select Property for Edge Members] dialog is displayed. Choose the property defined as Plot Only element. Push [OK] button.
4. Again, [Entity Selection] dialog is displayed. Choose the group previously created in [Group]
and then push [More] button. Push [OK] button. Now, Plot Only elements are created. View the layer created previously.
4-6
6. Select [Mesh] - [Extrude] - [Element] command. [Entity Selection] dialog is displayed. Pick
these elements by using mouse (do not use [Select All]). Push [OK] button.
7. [Generation Options] dialog is displayed. Choose the property set as Solid element in [Property]. Enter 3 in [Elements along Length]. Turn on [Delete Original Elements]. Push [OK] button.
8. [Vector Locate] dialog is displayed. Enter (0,0,0) in [Base] and (0,0,1) in [Tip]. Push [OK] button. [Confirm Delete] dialog is displayed. Push [OK] button.
5Element Reference
5.1 Introduction
Femap has wide variety of element types to create advanced finite element model in the Femap element library. This descriptions are given for the some element types define typical characteristics of the elements as they are translated to various analysis programs. Check your analysis program documentation for additional capabilities or limitations of each element type in that program. There are explanation for Bar, Plate, Axisymmetic and Solid elements, which are frequently used in general finite element modeling.
Bar Element
Description
Uniaxial element with tension, compression, torsion, and bending capabilities. This setting of bar element is simpler than that of beam element. The figure at the end of Bar
this section, defines both element types. Femap translates both types to the same element type for some analysis programs. .
Application
Used to model general beam/frame structures.
Shape
Line, connecting two nodes. A third node can be specified to orient the element Y axis.
5-2
Element Reference
orientation vector, the Y axis points from the first node in the direction of the orientation vector. The element Z axis is determined from the cross product of the element X and Y axes.
Properties
Area, Moments of Inertia (I1, I2, I12), Torsional Constant, Shear Areas (Y, Z), Nonstructural Mass/ Length, Stress Recovery Locations. All required input properties for this element can be automatically calculated for standard or arbitrary shapes by using the Femap beam property section generator (accessed under Model, Property, Shape). The Shear Areas calculated by the beam property section generator and the input to Femap are the effective areas for shearing, not a shear factor. If you are inputting values directly and have a shear factor, simply multiple it by the actual area to obtain the shear area.
Xe
Plane2 XZ
Ze
B
Nby
Nbz
Sh
Offset B
2 Ye
ea rC
Ne
en te r
ut ra
lA
x is
Cz A
Naz
Nay
Offset A
1
Bar/Beam Element
5-3
5.3 Plane Element
Plane element is used to represent membrane, shell, and plate structures. They all follow the same shape and numbering conventions. The simplest formulation of these elements are just a three-noded triangle and a four-noded quadrilateral. In addition, six-noded "parabolic" triangles and eight-noded "parabolic" quadrilaterals are also available.
3 Ye Xm 1 Xe 2 1 4 Ye 6 Xm 5 Xe 2 3
Linear Triangle
3 4 Xm
Paraboric Triangle
4 8 7 Xm 3 6
Ye
Ye
Xe 2 1 5
Xe 2
Linear Quadrilateral
Parabolic Quadrilateral
In most cases, loads on plane elements will be applied to face 1. In this case positive pressure acts in the same direction as the face normal (as determined by the right-hand rule). Conversely, if loads are applied to face 2, their positive direction will be opposite to the face normal. Therefore a positive pressure on face 2 is equivalent to a negative pressure on face 1. If you need to apply edge loads, they can be applied to faces 3 through 6 as shown. Their positive direction is inward, toward the element center.
F5 4 F6 1 F3 2 3
F1&2
F4
Whenever possible, you should try to use elements which closely resemble equilateral triangles or squares. These shapes will usually result in the best analysis accuracy. Consult your analysis program documentation for specific shape limitations of that program.
ELEMENT REFERENCE
5-4
Element Reference
Plate Element
Description
A combined planar shell element. This element typically resists membrane (inplane), shear, and bending forces. Some analysis programs also include transverse (through the thickness of the element) capabilities. Plate
Application
Any structure which is comprised of thin plates/shells.
Shape
Planar, three-noded triangle, four-noded quadrilateral, six-noded triangle, eight-noded quadrilateral. Some shapes are not available for all analysis programs.
Properties
Thickness (average, or varying at each corner), Nonstructural mass/area, Bending Stiffness parameter (Nastran only), Transverse shear/Membrane thickness (Nastran only), Bending, Shear and MembraneBending Coupling Materials (Nastran only), Fiber distances for stress recovery.
Additional Notes
Many analysis programs do not support tapered plate elements. You can always specify a single thickness for all corners simply by entering the average thickness.
5-5
5.4 Volume Elements
These elements are all used to model three-dimensional solid structures. They can provide very detailed results, but usually require additional modeling and analysis time and effort. 360 Axisymmetric Solid
Axisymmetric Element
Description
3 Ye Xm 1 Xe 2 1 4 Ye 6 Xm 5 Xe 2 3
Linear Triangle
3 4 Xm
Paraboric Triangle
4 8 7 Xm 3 6
Ye
Ye
Xe 2 1 5
Xe 2
Linear Quadrilateral
Parabolic Quadrilateral
The axisymmetric element is two-dimensional element used to represent volumes of revolution. Before using axisymmetric elements, it is very important to consult your analysis documentation. Most analysis programs require you to construct your model in a specific global plane.
Application
Modeling of axisymmetric solid structures with axisymmetric constraints and loading.
Shape
Drawn as planar, but really represent axisymmetric rings. Three-noded triangle, four-noded quadrilateral, six-noded triangle, eight-noded quadrilateral. Some shapes are not available for all analysis programs.
ELEMENT REFERENCE
5-6
Element Reference
Solid Element
Description
A three-dimensional solid element.
Application
Modeling of any three-dimensional structure.
Shape
Four-noded tetrahedron, six-noded wedge, eight-noded brick (hexahedron), ten-noded tetrahedron, fifteen-noded wedge, and twenty-noded brick. Some shapes are not available for all analysis programs.
Properties
Material axes, integration order (not all programs).
Additional Notes
If you want to apply pressure loads to solid elements, you must specify a face number. The previous and following figures, show the face numbers (F1 through F6, in the circles) for each element shape. Positive pressure is always directed inward, toward the center of the element.
8 F2 5 F6 4 F3 F1 1 Zm Ym Xm 2 F5 6 F4 7
Linear Tetrahedron
F3
4 20 5
8 F2
19
Parabolic Tetrahedron 4
10 9
3 3
F4
F2 2
F1 1 5
16 17 F5 6 F6 F4 4 F3 11 3 13 12 14 F1 10 1 9 6 Zm Ym Xm 12 3 2
18 15
Linear Hexahedron
6 F2 F5 F4 4 F3 2 F1
Parabolic Hexahedron
14 15 F2 5
F3 8 F4 F2 2 6 F1 5 7 1
13 11 F4 4 F3 F5 8 10 2 9 F1 1 7
1 Linear Wedge
Parabolic Wedge
6Geometry Solid
6.1 Introduction
In this example, perform basic solid model creation. You will learn how to create geometry solid and how to modify it through this example. In later chapter, you will perform solid mesh creation using this solid.
6.2 Model
Create geometry solid shown in the figure.
18 r=7 18 100 18 120
80
r=20
Size
Unit: mm
In this example, the requested shape is shaved off from a simple shape (block). This method is not the only way to create the geometry solid, so you can try other way to create geometry solid.
6-2
Geometry Solid
1. Select [Geometry] - [Solid] - [Primitives] command. 2. [Solid Primitives] dialog is displayed. Enter Solid_1 as [Title]. Enter 120, 100 and 80 as
[X], [Y] and [Z], respectively. Push [OK] button.
Rotate Model
Move view point and workplane for creating surface of plane part.
1. Select [View] - [Rotate] - [Model] command. 2. [View Rotate] dialog is displayed. Click [Dimetric] and then push [OK] button.
Adjust view
Apply [Autoscale] command to fit the entire model in the window.
Create Fillet
6-3
GEOMETRY SOLID
Create Fillet
Create fillet on edge of solid.
1. Select [Geometry] - [Solid] - [Fillet] command. 2. [Entity Selection] dialog is displayed. Pick two curves (Specified in figure). Push [OK] button.
Picked Curves
3. [Fillet Solid Edges] dialog is displayed. Enter 40 as [Radius]. Push [OK] button.
6-4
Geometry Solid
Pierce Surfaces
Create shelled solid.
1. Select [Geometry] - [Solid] - [Shell] command. 2. [Select Base Solid] dialog is displayed. Select Solid_1 previously created. Push [OK] button. [
3. [Entity Selection] dialog is displayed. Select four surfaces (specified figure]. Push [OK] button. Surface1 Surface7
Surface8 Surface5
Remove a cylinder solid made by extruding a circular surface from the solid. At first, move workplane onto the lateral surface of the solid. Create a circle onto the workplane. Define a boundary surface by using the circle. Extrude the boundary surface to remove it from the solid.
Move Workplane
6-5
GEOMETRY SOLID
Move Workplane
1. Select [Tools] - [Workplane] command. 2. [Workplane Management] dialog is displayed. Click [On Surface],
3. [Plane Normal to Surface] dialog is displayed. Select [On Surface], [At point] and [Axis Point]
as like shown below, Select as [On Surface]
Redraw View
1. Select [Window] - [Redraw] command (You can redraw view by <Ctrl+D>, <F12> or doubleclick on the screen).
6-6
Geometry Solid
1. Select [Geometry] - [Curve-Circle] - [Radius] command. 2. [Locate] dialog is displayed. Click [Method] and then select [Between] from lists. 3. Click on right button of mouse and then select [Snap to Point]. 4. Pick two points as shown below and then check that [% From Pt1] is 50. Push [OK] button.
5. Again, [Locate] dialog is displayed. Pick two points same as process 4. Enter 25 or 75
into [% From Pt1]. Push [OK] button.
6. Again, [Locate] dialog is displayed. Push [Cancel] button for finish the command.
6-7
GEOMETRY SOLID
The direction of extrusion is very important. Extrude the surface toward the direction, which the geometry solid exist in this case. If you extrude wrong direction, Hole is not created.
6-8
Geometry Solid
Create Fillet
1. Select [Geometry] - [Solid] - [Fillet] command. 2. [Entity Selection] dialog is displayed. Pick two curves shown below. Push [OK] button.
Picked Curves
3. [Fillet Solid Edges] dialog is displayed. Enter 7 as [Radius]. Push [OK] button.
7Tetrahedral Meshing
7.1 Introduction
In this example, you will learn how to create tetrahedral mesh from geometry solid and how to set multiple materials in one model.
7.2 Model
Create tetrahedral mesh, which has different properties. Geometry needs to be sliced into several parts to define different properties.
Solid b
Solid c
7-2
Tetrahedral Meshing
1. Select [Geometry] - [Solid] - [Slice] command. 2. [Entity Selection] dialog is displayed. Pick the solid. Push [OK] button. 3. Click on right button of mouse and then select [Snap to Point]. 4. [Plane Locate] dialog is displayed. Click three points on the edge of the fillet (shown below).
Push [OK] button. Base Point 1
Point 2
Redraw View
1. Select [Window] - [Redraw] command (You can redraw view by <Ctrl+D>, <F12> or doubleclick on the screen).
Define Material
7-3
Define Material
1. Select [Model] - [Material] command. 2. Enter name (Whatever you want) in [Title], 21000 in [Youngs Modulus, E], 0.3 in [Poissons Ratio, ru] and 8e-10 in [Mass Density]. Push [OK] button.
TETRAHEDRAL MESH 3. Again, [Define Isotropic Material] dialog is displayed. Enter name (Whatever you want) in
[Title], 7300 in [Youngs Modulus, E], 0.31 in [Poissons Ratio, ru] and 3e-10 in [Mass Density]. Push [OK] button.
4. Again, [Define Isotropic Material] dialog is displayed. Push [Cancel] button for finish the
command.
7-4
Tetrahedral Meshing
Define Property
Define two properties as solid element type for two materials defined previously.
1. Select [Model] - [Property] command. 2. [Define Property-PLATE element Type] dialog is displayed. Click [Elem/Property Type] button.
3. [Element / Property Type] dialog is displayed. Select [Solid] in [Volume Elements]. Push
[OK] button.
4. [Define Property-SOLID Element Type] dialog is displayed. Enter name (Whatever you
want) in [Title]. Choose the material created as Material_1 from drop down list box. Push [OK] button.
5. Again, [Define Property-SOLID Element Type] dialog is displayed. Enter name (Whatever
you want) in [Title]. Choose the material created as Material_2 from drop down list box. Click [Palette] button and then select color (whatever you like). Push [OK] button.
6. Again, [Define Property-SOLID Element Type] dialog is displayed. Push [Cancel] button for
finish the command.
7-5
1. Select [Mesh] - [Mesh Control] - [Size on Solid] command. 2. [Entity Selection] dialog is displayed. Select [Select All] button for choosing all solid. Push
[OK] button.
3. [Automatic Mesh Sizing] dialog is displayed. Check that [Adjacent Surface Matching] is
turned on. Push [OK] button.
TETRAHEDRAL MESH
Color of solid turns into transparent blue. Linked surfaces do not become transparent. Linked surface : opaque
The transparent blue indicates that mesh sized solid is possible to create tetrahedral mesh and the opaque surface indicates linked surface. Information about linkage of surface is listed in Message.
7-6
Tetrahedral Meshing
Solid b
Solid c
1. Select [Mesh] - [Mesh Control] - [Attributes on Solid] command. 2. [Entity Selection] dialog is displayed. Pick Solid . Push [OK] button. 3. [Select Mesh Property] dialog is displayed. Select the property defined as Material_1. Push
[OK] button.
4. [Entity Selection] dialog is displayed. Pick Solid b and Solid c. Push [OK] button. 5. [Select Mesh Property] dialog is displayed. Select the property defined as Material_2. Push
[OK] button.
6. Again, [Entity Selection] dialog is displayed. Push [Cancel] button for finish the command.
Create mesh
1. Select [Mesh] - [Geometry] - [Solid] command. 2. [Entity Selection] dialog is displayed. Select [Select All] button for choosing all curves. Push
[OK] button.
3. Message [OK to Update Mesh Sizes?] is shown. Push [No] button. 4. [Automesh Solids] dialog is displayed. Check that [Property] list box is [0..Use Meshing
Attributes]. Enter 1 into [Tet Growth Ratio] box. Push [OK] button.
7-7
TETRAHEDRAL MESH
7-8
Tetrahedral Meshing
3. [View Quick Options] dialog is displayed. Click [Geometry Off] and then push [Done] button.
In this example, multiple materials are applied into the model. Now, check that each material is reflected to the mesh.
1. Select [View Options] command. 2. Select [Labels, Entities and Color] in [Category], [Element] in [Options], and [3..Property Colors] or [4..Material Colors] in [Color Mode]. Push [OK] button.
[Material Color] display Now You can see different colors on different materials or properties.
7-9
1. Select [View] - [Select] command. 2. [View Select] dialog is displayed. Select [Free Edge] in [Model Style]. Push [OK] button.
TETRAHEDRAL MESH
Mesh disconnection
Z Y X
You can see that there are coincident nodes or mesh disconnections in this model according to the display. Thus you need to carry out merging nodes.
7-10
Tetrahedral Meshing
Merge Nodes
1. Select [Tools] - [Check] - [Coincident Nodes] command. 2. [Entity Selection] dialog is displayed. Select [Select All] button for choosing all curves. Push
[OK] button.
Z Y X
4. Select [View] - [Select] command. Choose [Quick Hidden Line] in [Model Style]. Push [OK]
button.
5. Select [Window][Redraw] command (You can redraw view by <Ctrl+D>, <F12> or doubleclick on the screen).
8Hexahedral Meshing
8.1 Introduction
In this example, you will learn how to create hexahedral mesh from geometry solid. Creation of hexahedral mesh settiing mapped mesh creation
8.2 Model
Geometry needs to be sliced into several parts to create hexahedral mesh.
Geometry Solid
Material Youngs modules : E=2.1 104 kgf/mm2 Poisson ratio : =0.3 Mass density :=8.0 10-10kgf s2/mm4
8-2
Hexahedral Meshing
Check Solid
Check whether the imported solid is enable to create hexahedral mesh.
1. Select [Mesh] - [Mesh Control] - [Size on Solid] command. 2. [Entity Selection] dialog is displayed. Select [Select All] button for choosing all solids. Push
[OK] button.
3. [Automatic Mesh Sizing] dialog is displayed. Check that [Hex Meshing] is turned on. Push
[OK] button.
Color of the solid turns into red because it is unable to create hexahedral mesh on the solid. You can see error message Solid 1 can not be hex meshed. It must be subdivided further to eliminate holes in multiple faces in Messages.
8-3
1. Select [Geometry] - [Solid] - [Slice] command. 2. [Entity Selection] dialog is displayed. Pick the solid and then push [OK] button. 3. Click on right button of mouse and select [Snap to Point]. 4. [Plane Locate] dialog is displayed. Click three points on the edge of the fillet (shown below).
Push [OK] button. Base Point 1
Point 2
HEXAHEDRAL MESH
5. Click on right button of mouse and select [Previous Command] or Select [Geometry] - [Solid]
- [Slice] command.
6. [Entity Selection] dialog is displayed. Select two solids having holes. Push [OK] button. 7. [Plane Locate] dialog is displayed. Click three points on the edge of the fillet (shown below).
Push [OK] button.
Base
Point 1
Point 2
When you slice the solid, default color surface is created. But it is no problem.
1. Select [Mesh] - [Mesh Control] - [Size on Solid] command. 2. [Entity Selection] dialog is displayed. Select [Select All] button for choosing all solids. Push
[OK] button.
8-4
Hexahedral Meshing
3. [Automatic Mesh Sizing] dialog is displayed. Check that [Hex Meshing] and [Replace Mesh
Sizes on All Curves] are turned on. Push [OK] button
It is possible to create hexahedral mesh on solid, if color of solid turns into transparent blue. Opaque surface indicates linked surface.
Define Material
8-5
Define Material
1. Select [Model] - [Material] command. 2. Enter name (Whatever you want) in [Title], 21000 in [Youngs Modulus, E], 0.3 in [Poissons Ratio, ru], and 8e-10 in [Mass Density]. Push [OK] button.
3. Again, [Define Isotropic Material] dialog is displayed. Push [Cancel] button for finish the
command.
Define Property
Define two properties as solid element type for material defined previously.
HEXAHEDRAL MESH
1. Select [Model] - [Property] command. 2. [Define Property-PLATE element Type] dialog is displayed. Click [Elem/Property Type] button.
3. [Element / Property Type] dialog is displayed. Select [Solid] in [Volume Elements]. Push
[OK] button.
8-6
Hexahedral Meshing
4. [Define Property-SOLID Element Type] dialog is displayed. Enter name (Whatever you
want) in [Title]. Choose the material created as Material_1 from drop down list box. Push [OK] button.
5. Again, [Define Property-SOLID Element Type] dialog is displayed. Push [Cancel] button for
finish the command.
1. Select [Mesh] - [Mesh Control] - [Mesh Approach on Surface] command. 2. [Entity Selection] dialog is displayed. Pick surface with semicircle hole. Push [OK] button.
Point 1 reverse-side2 surfaces
Front-side 2 surfaces
8-7
3. [Surface Mesh Approach] dialog is displayed. Select [Mapped - Four Corner] in [Mesher].
Pick four points shown in below. Push [OK] button.
4. Again, [Entity Creation] dialog is displayed. Push [Cancel] button for finish the command.
1. Select [Mesh] - [Mesh Control] - [Size on Solid] command. 2. [Entity Selection] dialog is displayed. Select [Select All] button for choosing all solids. Push
[OK] button.
3. Message [OK to Update Mesh Sizes?] is shown. Push [Yes] button. 4. [Automatic Mesh Sizing] dialog is displayed. Check that [Hex Meshing] is turned on. Push
[OK] button.
HEXAHEDRAL MESH
8-8
Hexahedral Meshing
Create mesh
1. Select [Mesh] - [Geometry] - [HexMesh Solids] command. 2. [Entity Selection] dialog is displayed. Select [Select All] button for choosing all solids. Push
[OK] button.
3. [HexMesh Solids] dialog is displayed. Select [1..Solid_1] as [Property]. Check that [Merge
Nodes on Slaved Surfaces] is turned on. Push [OK] button.
3. [View Quick Options] is displayed. Click [Geometry Off] and then push [Done] button.
Check for coincident nodes 4. Again, [View Options] dialog is displayed. Push [OK] button.
8-9
HEXAHEDRAL MESH
1. Select [View] - [Select] command. 2. [View Select] dialog is displayed. Select [Free Edge] in [Model Style]. Push [OK] button.
8-10
Hexahedral Meshing
Z Y X
You will know that there are not coincident nodes by watching the display. If the model has unnecessary [Free Edge] or [Free Face], it is disappeared by applying [Merge Nodes] command. When there is unnecessary [Free Edge], display becomes the figure shown below.
V1
Y X
8-11
Z Y X
Rotate the model and check [Free Face]. If there is unnecessary [Free Face], display is shown as below,
V1
HEXAHEDRAL MESH
Y X
8-12
Hexahedral Meshing
9Post Processing
9.1 Introduction
In this example, you will learn post processing for solid model. Basic working flow of post processing is same as the case of plate element. Here, you will perform not only deform and contour displays but also static and dynamic section cut and isosurface display.
9-2
Post Processing
3. [Select PostProcessing Data] dialog is displayed. Select [1..NX NASTRAN Case 1] in [Output Set], [1..Total Translation] in [Deformation] and [60031..Solid Von Mises Stress] in [Contour]. Push [OK] button.
9-3
V1 L1 C1
0.0452 0.0423 F F F F F F F F F F 10.10. 10. 10. 10. 10. Z Y 10.10. 10. 10. 10.10. 10. 10. 10. F 10. 10. 10. F 0.0395 0.0367 0.0339 0.0311 0.0283 0.0254 0.0226 0.0198 0.017 0.0142 0.0114 0.00854 0.00573 0.00291 0.0000945
SOLID POST
X Output Set: NX NASTRAN Case 1 Deformed(0.000255): Total Translation Contour: Solid Von Mises Stress
9-4
Post Processing
1. Select [View] - [Select] command. 2. [View Select] dialog is displayed. Select [[Deform] in [Deformed Style] and [SectionCut] in
[Contour Style]. Click [Deformed and Contour Data].
3. [Select PostProcessing Data]dialog is displayed. Check that [Cut Model] is turned on. Click
[Section].
4. [Plane Locate] dialog is displayed. Select any cut plane on the display. Push [OK] button.
Display Section Cut 6. Return to [View Select] dialog. Push [OK] button.
V1 L1 C1 0.0452 0.0423 0.0395 0.0367 0.0339 0.0311 0.0283 0.0254 0.0226 0.0198 0.017 0.0142 0.0114 Z Y X Output Set: NX NASTRAN Case 1 Deformed(0.000255): Total Translation Contour: Solid Von Mises Stress 0.00854 0.00573 0.00291 0.0000945
9-5
SOLID POST
9-6
Post Processing
1. Select [View] - [Advanced Post] - [Dynamic Cutting Plane] command. 2. [Dynamic Section Cut Control] dialog is displayed. Click [Plane]. 3. [Plane Locate] dialog is displayed. Define any cutting plane. Push [OK] button. 4. Return to [Dynamic Section Cut Control]. Try to move cutting plane.
Display Isosurface
9-7
Display Isosurface
Isosurface provides interior surfaces of constant values in solid models.
1. Select [View] - [Options] command. 2. [View Options] dialog is displayed. Select [PostProcessing] in [Category] and [Contour/Criteria Levels] in [Options]. Enter 6 into [# of Levels]. Push [OK] button.
1. Select [View] - [Select] commnad. 2. [View Select] dialog is displayed. Select [Isosurface] in [Contour Style]. Push [OK] button.
V1 L1 C1
SOLID POST
0.0226 0.0151 0.0076 0.0000945 Y X Output Set: NX NASTRAN Case 1 Deformed(0.000255): Total Translation Contour: Solid Von Mises Stress
9-8
Post Processing