Moles and Formula Mass

The Mole
1 dozen =
1 gross =
1 ream =
1 mole =
12
144
500
6.022 x 10
23
There are exactly 12 grams of
carbon-12 in one mole of carbon-12.
Avogadros Number
6.022 x 10
23
is called Avogadros Number in
honor of the Italian chemist Amadeo Avogadro
(1776-1855).
Amadeo Avogadro
I didnt discover it. Its
just named after me!
Calculations with Moles:
Converting moles to grams
How many grams of lithium are in 3.50 moles
of lithium?
3.50 mol Li
= g Li
1 mol Li
6.94 g Li
45.1
Calculations with Moles:
Converting grams to moles
How many moles of lithium are in 18.2 grams
of lithium?
18.2 g Li
= mol Li
6.94 g Li
1 mol Li
2.62
Calculations with Moles:
Using Avogadros Number
How many atoms of lithium are in 3.50
moles of lithium?
3.50 mol
= atoms
1 mol
6.02 x 10
23
atoms
2.07 x 10
24
Calculations with Moles:
Using Avogadros Number
How many atoms of lithium are in 18.2 g of
lithium?
18.2 g Li
= atoms Li
1 mol Li 6.022 x 10
23
atoms Li
1.58 x 10
24
6.94 g Li 1 mol Li
(18.2)(6.022 x 10
23
)/6.94
Calculating Formula Mass
Calculate the formula mass of magnesium carbonate,
MgCO
3
.

24.31 g + 12.01 g + 3(16.00 g) = 84.32 g
Calculating Percentage Composition
Calculate the percentage composition of magnesium
carbonate, MgCO
3
.

From previous slide:
24.31 g + 12.01 g + 3(16.00 g) = 84.32 g
100.00
24.31
100 28.83%
84.32
Mg
| |
= - =
|
\ .
12.01
100 14.24%
84.32
C
| |
= - =
|
\ .
48.00
100 56.93%
84.32
O
| |
= - =
|
\ .
Formulas
molecular formula = (empirical
formula)
n
[n = integer]
molecular formula = C
6
H
6
= (CH)
6

empirical formula = CH
Empirical formula: the lowest whole number
ratio of atoms in a compound.
Molecular formula: the true number of
atoms of each element in the formula of a
compound.
Formulas (continued)
Formulas for ionic compounds are ALWAYS
empirical (lowest whole number ratio).
Examples:
NaCl MgCl
2
Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
K
2
CO
3
Formulas (continued)
Formulas for molecular compounds MIGHT
be empirical (lowest whole number ratio).
Molecular:
H
2
O
C
6
H
12
O
6
C
12
H
22
O
11
Empirical:
H
2
O
CH
2
O

C
12
H
22
O
11
Empirical Formula Determination
1. Base calculation on 100 grams of
compound.
2. Determine moles of each element in
100 grams of compound.
3. Divide each value of moles by the
smallest of the values.
4. Multiply each number by an integer
to obtain all whole numbers.
Empirical Formula Determination
Adipic acid contains 49.32% C, 43.84% O, and
6.85% H by mass. What is the empirical formula
of adipic acid?
( )( )
( )
49.32g C 1 mol C
=4.107 mol C
12.01 g C
( )( )
( )
6.85 1
6.78
1.01
g H mol H
mol H
g H
=
( )( )
( )
43.84 1
2.74
16.00
g O mol O
mol O
g O
=
Empirical Formula Determination
(part 2)
Divide each value of moles by the smallest
of the values.
Carbon:
Hydrogen:
Oxygen:
4.107
1.50
2.74
mol C
mol O
=
6.78
2.47
2.74
mol H
mol O
=
2.74
1.00
2.74
mol O
mol O
=
Empirical Formula Determination
(part 3)
Multiply each number by an integer to
obtain all whole numbers.
Carbon: 1.50 Hydrogen: 2.50 Oxygen: 1.00
x 2 x 2 x 2
3 5 2
Empirical formula:
C
3
H
5
O
2
Finding the Molecular Formula
The empirical formula for adipic acid is
C
3
H
5
O
2
. The molecular mass of adipic acid
is 146 g/mol. What is the molecular
formula of adipic acid?
1. Find the formula mass of C
3
H
5
O
2

3(12.01 g) + 5(1.01) + 2(16.00) = 73.08 g
Finding the Molecular Formula
The empirical formula for adipic acid is
C
3
H
5
O
2
. The molecular mass of adipic acid
is 146 g/mol. What is the molecular
formula of adipic acid?
3(12.01 g) + 5(1.01) + 2(16.00) = 73.08 g
2. Divide the molecular mass by the
mass given by the emipirical formula.
146
2
73
=
Finding the Molecular Formula
The empirical formula for adipic acid is
C
3
H
5
O
2
. The molecular mass of adipic acid
is 146 g/mol. What is the molecular
formula of adipic acid?
3(12.01 g) + 5(1.01) + 2(16.00) = 73.08 g
3. Multiply the empirical formula by this
number to get the molecular formula.
(C
3
H
5
O
2
) x 2 =

C
6
H
10
O
4
146
2
73
=