Maths Revision

Sin, Cosine and Tangent

Tan = o/a
H O

Tan 40 O/6 Tan 40 X 6 = O

40o
A = 6 CM

Tan 40 X = 5.034

O = 5.034
O = 5.03 cm

Finding an Angle
Tan = o/a
H O = 5cm

Tan = 5/6
Tan = 0.833

A = 6 CM

= tan-1 (0.833) = 39.794 = 39.79o

Index Laws

4X4X4= 7 x 7 x 7 x 7 x 7 = 75 32 x 3 4 = (3x3) x (3x3x3x3) = 36

43

65 62 66666 66

= 6x6x6 = 63

Standard Form

Number greater than one 2,000 = 2 x 1,000 = 2 x 103 1,400 = 1.4 x 1,000 = 1.4 x 103 25,000,000 = 2.5 x 10,000,000 = 2.5 x 107

Less Than one

5 0.005 = 1000 = 5 x 10-3 2 2 0.02 = 100= 102 = 2 x 10-2 6 6 0.6 = 10= 101= 6 x 10-1

A set is a list of objects described by a list or rule Each object is an element or member of the set Sets are equal if they have exactly the same elements The number of elements of set A is given n(A) The empty set is a set with no numbers The universal set contains all the elements being discussed in a problem

Sets

A = (1,3,5) 1 A 2 A B = (5,3,1) B=A n(A) = 3

{{

B is a subset of A if every number of B is a member of A

The complement of set A is all the elements NOT in A

The intersection of A & B is a set of elements that are in A & B The union of A & B is the set of elements that are in A or B

A AB

Simultaneous equations
Solve these simultaneous equations and find the values

of x and y. Equation 1: 2x + y = 7 Equation 2: 3x - y = 8 Add the two equations to eliminate the ys: 2x + y = 7 3x - y = 8 -----------5x = 15 x=3 Now you can put x = 3 in either of the equations. Substitute x = 3 into the equation 2x + y = 7: 6+y=7 y=1 So the answers are x = 3 and y = 1

Representing Data
Mean 2,3,4,6

2+3+4+6

4
15

Mode 1,4,4,5,6 Mode = 4 Most occurring number

= 3.75 Median 5,3,2,1,6,8,9 1,2,3,5,6,8,9 Median = 5

Range Range = High Low 1,5,7,9 Range = 9 1 Range = 8

Cumulative frequency
A large set of data can be displayed effectively on a

cumulative diagram. Here is a cumulative frequency diagram which shows the Height of plants that a class of 40 people grew:

Frequency

Height

Cumulative frequency
Median
Exactly half way up, then across the down and read off the bottom

Lower and Upper Quartiles

Exactly and up the side, then across the down and read off the

scale

The Interquartile Range

This is the distance on the bottom scale between the lower and

bottom scale

upper quartiles

Percentage Change
Percentage increase = (
8500 8000 )X 8000 500 ) X 100 8000

) X 100

8000 increased to 8500 ( (

100

6.25%

Reverse Percentage

Ticket price increase by 5% in 45 45 is 105% 1% = 0.4285 100% = 0.4285 X 100 = 42.85

Graphs & Charts

Line Graphs A line graph is just
Pie Charts The results

a set of points joined up with straight lines Bar Charts a bar chart is for separate objects or lengths
Scatter Graphs This is a load of

are shown in round as apposed to as dots or bars

points with a LINE OF BEST FIT

Nth Term
3

12

15 +3

+3 +3 +3
Nth term = 3-3 = 0n + 3 Nth term = 0n +3

The Cosine Rule

c A b B a

A2 = B2 + C2 2bc cosA B2 = A2 + C2 2bc cosB C2 = A2 + B2 2bc cosC

Percentages
1) Original amount X multiplying factor = New Amount OA X MF = NA
2) X 100 = percentage N.B. successive percentages (one-after-another) Treat as separate steps

Volume

Volume of a Prism = area of face X Length

Volume of a cylinder = r2 x l

Density
M D
Density = (Kg/m3) (g/cm3)

= 3 3

Gradients
Gradient =

= = 4 1 3

31

Circle theorems
Angles Subtended on the Same Arc Angles from the same two points are the same Angle in the centre The angle at the centre is twice that at the edge

Tangents A tangent is perpendicular to the radius at the

point of contact

Intersecting circles
D

Ax X xB = Cx X xD

A
B

X
D C

Tree Diagrams

P(Soft AND then Soft) = This fraction can be simplified a bit further (divide by two a couple of times) to give We can also find the probability of selecting a soft-centred and a hardcentred chocolate. Note that there are two ways to get this result: Select a soft-centre then a hard-centre or select a hard-centre then a soft-centre. P(Hard AND then Soft) =
P(Soft AND then Hard) = We add these together to get the answer: P(Hard then Soft OR Soft then Hard) =

This answer can be simplified to give

Inequalities
E.g.1) N+ 3 <2 (-3) 1

E.g.2) -6 < 3p < 18

2 < < 6

Never X or by negative numbers

E.g.3)

3 5

+ 1

3 5 + 5 3 5 + 5 8 4 2

Graphing Inequalities
1) Draw x = 6
2) Find origin (0,0) 6 3) Shade correct side
-- < >

Factorising
(x+a) (x+b) = x2 + Ax +Bx + AB = x2 + (A+B)x + AB + + + +

(+) (+) () () () (+)

Big

(+) ()
Big

Solving quadratics
XY = 0 EITHER X=0 OR Y=0 (x+3)(x-2) = 0 (x+3)=0 OR (x-2)=0 X=3 OR X=2
X2 -4x = 0 x(x-4) = 0 x=0 OR x-4= 0

x=4

Area & Volume

= = 2 360

160 2 360

4 = 32 9
= 12.572
= 160 2 3 360

= 2 360

4 = 6 = 8.38 9

Changing the subject

v= u + at

Change to u
Change to a

-at =
-u =

=
Change to b

= =
= 1 =

Similar triangles
This means that one is an

enlargement of the other.

All angles must be the

same between triangles

A

Same scale factor applies

b y c

to corresponding lengths.
ADE ADE = s.f. = 2

7
x

s. f =

= ab

ad

14 7

=2

10

1 1
2

Area scale factor

A.S.F. = S.F.2
1 1 2 2

s.f. = 2 a.s.f. = 4

s.f. = a.s.f. =
4

Area scale factor

Area = 4cm2

Area = ? = 36cm2

Volume scale factor

v.s.f. = s.f. 2
Volume of sphere = 2
4 3

s.f. =4 v.s.f. = 64 s.f. = v.s.f. = 1/64

Solving a quadratic equation using the formula

2 4 2
32 2 = 7 32 2 7 = 0 = 3 = 2 = 7 = 2

Change with all the numbers on the same side To solve the quadratic one side is equal to zero Find out what A, B and C equal

2 2 4(3)(7) Sub A, B, C into the equation 2(3)

1 22 = 3 = 1.896 = 1.9

Simplify down

OR
= 1.230 = 1.2

Solve the equation

Histograms
frequency density =

Frequency density

Height in feet
0 < 2 2 < 4
4 < 5 5 < 6 6 < 8

Area (Freq.)

Freq. Width

Freq. Density

0 2
8 16 4

02 22
81 161 42

0 1
8 16 2

Histograms
Frequency = frequency density x width of interval

Frequency density

Height in feet Freq.density X Width

0 < 2 2 < 4 4 < 5 5 < 6 6 < 8 02 12 81 16 1 22

Area (Freq.) 0 2 8 16 4

Rational numbers
A rational number is one that can be expressed as a

fraction where a and b are both integers.

Write 0.333333 = 0.3. Write 0.587587 = 587

Square roots of non-square numbers

Simplify 3 10 + 3 = +

10 3 + 9
10 3 + 3

A* Questions

4 5

5 5

4 5 5

Trigonometry in 3D
hyp B

opp x
15

adj
sin = =

35

sin = 15 sin 35 = 15 sin 35 15 sin 35

sin 35 = 15 =

SOHCAHTOA

= =

= 26.2