The Methods of Frequency Plan in GSM

Zhang Haiyang
Globe science and engineering College of Suzhou University Suzhou, Anhui province, 234000, China seazhang188@126.com

AbstractFrequency plan is one of the key technologies in the plan and optimization of GSM. This paper summarized the common frequency technologies of GSM, the characters of these technologies, how to use these technologies and the comparisons of their capacities. Keywords-Frequency Plan; GSM; MRP;

in GSM, that is to say frequency plan technologies. In order to improve the network capacity, we should reuse the limited frequency resource; frequency reuse improves the network capacity but it brings in a new problem that is when two persons are talking to each other on phone the network quality is not good. Therefore, how to get a better network capacity while the phoning quality is not deteriorated is an issue that

I. For the

INTRODUCTION communications, the

mobile

should be solved in frequency plan. Currently there are several frequency reuse technologies that are: 43, 33, 26, 13, 1 1, MRP and so on. For the network plan and optimization engineers, frequency plan technology is a key technology, and frequency plan quality is good or not plays an important role in network quality. This paper shortly introduced several frequency reuse technologies using some examples. II. THE RULES OF FREQUENCY PLAN

frequency resource is a precious resource, and how to improve the utilization efficiency of it is an Their important studies topic that communications forward the Mobile simulate and improves every the companies and researchers are interested in. pushed communications now, that technologies. are

communications have passed three stages by TACS/AMPS,GSM/CDMA IS95,WCDMA/CDMA2000, development greatly. In order to improve the capacity of network, we should reuse the limited frequency resource based on the premise that the quality of network can be accepted. If we do not add the frequency resource then how can we improve the capacity of GSM? There are two ways: The first one is the division of cells. The way improves the capacity of network by improving the density of sites; the other way is frequency technology. This paper mainly studies the frequency reuse technologies of technology

utilization efficiency of frequency resource

In the system of GSM, no matter what method you use to carry out frequency, the following rules must be met: 1) 2) 3) in the same site there should not exist any frequencies that are same or neighbor; in the same cell, the intervals between BCCH and TCH should above 400k; in the same cell, if hop frequency is not used, it is better to have the interval between TCH frequencies above 400; 4) these sites which are neighbors should not have same frequencies;

978-1-4244-6252-0/11/$26.00 2011 IEEE

5)

these sites which are near to each other should not have same frequency and neighbor frequency;
TABLE 1 43 FREQUENCY REUSE ALLOCATION TABLE

6)

generally speaking, in 1 3 these frequencies that participate in hop should be twice as carrier frequencies that participate in hop. III. FREQUENCY REUSE TECHNOLOGIES

Grou p A B C D A B C D A B C D num 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 ber 9 9 9 9 9 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 4 3 2 1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 8 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 6 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 9 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 5 5 5 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 9 8 7 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 4 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 9 8 7 6 5

In Table 1, in the first line, the frequencies are BCCH frequencies.81 and 82 are stored for BCCH. The frequency group of site A isA1, A2, A3 the frequency group of site B is B1, B2, B3he frequency group of site C isC1, C2, C3 the frequency group of site D is D1, D2, D3.

In this section, we will introduce some methods of frequency plan [1]. A. 43 frequency reuse technology In the GSM system, the basic frequency technology is 43, and 4 stands for four sites( every site has 3 cells), 3 stands for every site has 3 cells. The 12 sector cells is one group, in every group frequency is not reused. Figure 1 is a picture of this method.

Freq uenc y num ber

B. 33 frequency reuse technology

In some places where there need a high capacity 33 frequency reuse technology can be adopted. In this pattern 3 sites is one group and every site has 3 cells, that is to say 9 cells is
Figure 1. 43 frequency reuse technology

one group. In the same group each cell has different frequency. Compared with 43 the distance between two cells which have same frequency are smaller so the interferences increased. Figure2 is a picture of this method.

Now we will give an example to explain how this method is used: Suppose that the available bandwidth is 10MHz, the channel number is from 45 to 94. From 81 to 94 are allocated to BCCH, and the rest are allocated to TCH, the allocation table is Table 1.

Figure 2. 33 frequency reuse technology

Suppose that the available bandwidth is 10MHz, the channel number is from 45 to 94, and BCCH adopts 43 frequency reuse technology.

TCH adopts 33 frequency reuse technology, the allocation table is in Table 2.

TABLE 2 33 FREQUENCY REUSE ALLOCATION TABLE

Gro up num ber

TABLE 3 13 FREQUENCY REUSE ALLOCATION TABLE

A 1 8 0 7 1 6 2 5 3

B 1 7 9 7 0 6 1 5 2

C 1 7 8 6 9 6 0 5 1

A 2 7 7 6 8 5 9 5 0

B 2 7 6 6 7 5 8 4 9

C 2 7 5 6 6 5 7 4 8

A 3 7 4 6 5 5 6 4 7

B 3 7 3 6 4 5 5 4 6

C 3 7 2 6 3 5 4 4 5

Freque ncy group A

Frequency number

MAIO

Freq uen cy num ber

80,77, 74,71,68,65,62,59,56,53, 50,47 79,76, 73,70,67,64,61,58,55,52, 49,46 78,75,72,69,66,63,60,57, 54,51,48,45

0,2,4,6, 8,10 1,3,5,7, 9,11 0,2,4,6, 8,10

D. 11 frequency reuse technology

11 frequency reuse technology can be described as follows: One cell in one site is defined as one group, and other cells use the same frequency group as the cell. Suppose that the available bandwidth is 6MHz, the channel number is from 96 to 124, and BCCH adopts 43 frequency reuse technology. From 111 to 124 are allocated to BCCH, and from 96 to 110 are allocated to TCH. TCH adopts 11 frequency reuse technology, and TCH must use hop frequency, the allocation table is in Table 4.
TABLE 4 11 FREQUENCY REUSE ALLOCATION TABLE

C. 13 frequency reuse technology

13 frequency reuse technology is this kind of pattern, dividing frequencies into 3 groups and allocating them to one site, that is to say one site can use 3 frequency groups. We can use Figure 3 to illustrate this method. Suppose that the available bandwidth is 10MHz, the channel number is from 45 to 94, and BCCH adopts 43 frequency reuse technology. TCH adopts 13 frequency reuse technology, and TCH must use hop frequency, allocation table is in Table 3.
Figure 3. 13 frequency reuse technology

the

Freq uenc y grou p A

Frequency number

M AI O

96,97,98,99,100,101,102,1 03,104,105,106,107,108,10 9,110 96,97,98,99,100,101,102,1 03,104,105,106,107,108,10 9,110 96,97,98,99,100,101,102,1 03,104,105,106,107,108,10 9,110

0, 2, 4 6, 8 10 ,1 2

The allocation table is Table 5.

E.

MRP (Multiple Reuse Pattern) Technology MRP technology divides the whole bandwidth

TABLE 5 MRP ALLOCATION TABLE

into one BCCH section and several TCH sections. Every section is an independent layer and these sections adopt different reuse technology.

Layer type BCCH TCH1 TCH2 TCH3 TCH4 TCH5

Frequency number 8394 7482 6673 5865 5257 4651

Available 12 9 8 8 6 6

It can be explained by Figure 4.

6 MHz BCCH 43 TCH1 33

Figure4.

TCH2 23 Micro

MRP reuse technology

Suppose that the available bandwidth is 10MHz, the channel number is from 45 to 94, and BCCH adopts 43 frequency reuse technology. TCH1 adopts 33 frequency reuse technology;

IV.

CONCLUSIONS

In this paper we shortly introduced some methods of frequency plan. Frequency plan is of vital importance in GSM under the condition that the bandwidth is limited. There are also some other methods to improve capacity such as Concentric Cell technology. REFERENCES

[1] Han Binjie, Du Xinyan, Zhang Jianbin. GSM Principles

and Network Optimization. Beijing: China Machine Press. 2010:149-152.