Venn Diagrams

A Venn Diagram allows us to have a pictoral representation of sets. In a Venn Diagram we have a universal set U which is represented by the region that contains everything else. For example, A U is

Most of the time the universal set will not be explcitly stated, but we always need to draw it. Consider the following examples. Exercises: Use the specied Venn diagrams to draw the following regions . AB BA

A B

A B

(A B) C

(A B) C

A (B )

(C B) A

(A B ) C

AU

U A

(A B) B

Exercise: Draw Venn diagrams that represent the following situations. (1) A, B, C U , A B = , B C = , and A C = .

(2) A, B, C U , A B, B C = , and A C = .

(3) A, B, C U , A B = , A

B, B

A and C A B.

(4) A, B, C U , A B and B C = .

We can use Venn diagrams to help answer word problems. Try the following problems (1) In a class of students every student participates in the soccer team or the debate team. 10 students only participate in the debate team, 31 students only participate in the soccer team and 12 particiate in both teams. Question: How many students are there in the class?

(2) A survey of 60 people was taken and the following results were seen: 12 customers drank only tea and coe 6 customers drank only juice 29 customers drank tea 2 customers drank only tea and juice 10 customers drank tea, coee and juice 33 customers drank coee 1 customer drank only juice and coee Question: How many customers drank juice? Question: How many customers did not drink juice, tea or coee? Question: How many customers drank only coee? Question: How many customers drank only tea?

Union Rule For Sets n(A B) = n(A) + n(B) n(A B) Union Rule For Disjoint Sets Assume that A and B are disjoint sets then

Exercise 38 (Chapter 7.2): Market research on cola consumption was conducted in a small town. The following results were seen Age 21-25 (Y) 26-35 (M) Over 35 (O) Totals Drink Regular Cola (R) 40 30 10 80 Drink Diet Cola (D) 15 30 50 95 Drink No Cola (N) 15 20 10 45 Total 70 80 70 220

Find the number of people in each set. (1) Y R (2) M (D Y ) (3) 0 N (4) M D (5) Y (D N ) (6) M (R N ) (7) What does M (C Y ) mean in words ?

Exercise 57 (Chapter 7.2): A chicken farmer surveyed his ock with the following results. The farm had 9 frat red roosters 15 red roosters 17 red hens 41 roosters 13 11 56 48 thin brown hens thin red chickens (hens and roosters) fat chickens hens

Assume all chickens are either thin or fat, red or brown, and hens or roosters. How many chickens were (1) fat? (2) fat roosters? (3) thin and brown? (4) red? (5) fat hens? (6) red and fat?