PROSPECTS OF NON GRID CONNECTED WIND POWER FOR SEA WATER DESALINATION IN INDIA

Gratias J Kolleril #1, L Gowtham#2

Karpaga Vinayaga College of Engineering and Technology
1

gratiaskolleril@gmail.com 2 gautam.m010@gmail.com

Abstract Wind power industry is an explosively growing industry, and wind power utilization is a sunrise industry in the new century. The application of large-scale nongrid-connected wind power throws the convention to the grid, so that the field, which could use non-grid-connected wind power, is extended. Non-grid-connected wind power systems will combine with large-capacity energy storage system or high energy-loaded industries like sea water desalination industry and water electrolytic hydrogen production industry The new system can save a large number of auxiliary equipment for wind power grid connection, increase the utilization rate of wind power, and break through the development bottlenecks of wind power, which will explore a diversified development method of large-scale wind power Keywords -Wind energy; non-grid -connected wind power; high energy-loaded industry; energy storage

means that the terminal load is no longer a single traditional grid, but can be directly applied to a series of high energy-consuming industries and other special areas that adapt to the characteristics of wind power. This avoids the development bottlenecks of wind power, save a large number of auxiliary equipments for wind power grid connection, and increases the utilization rate of wind power. Very large area of the world falls under low wind velocity regions and with todays technology and it is not economical to produce electrical power. Another non-grid area is large number of islands. The islands have diesel electric power even though it is very expensive. This is the most appropriate case for nongrid-connected wind power. II. EVALUATION OF WIND ENERGY IN INDIA The Indian wind energy sector has an installed capacity of 14158.00 MW (as on March 31, 2011). In terms of wind power installed capacity, India is ranked 5th in the World. Today India is a major player in the global wind energy market. The potential is far from exhausted. Indian Wind Energy Association has estimated that with the current level of technology, the on-shore potential for utilization of wind energy for electricity generation is of the order of 65,000 MW. The unexploited resource availability has the potential to sustain the growth of wind energy sector in India in the years to come. The Indian Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) estimates that there is a potential of around 90,000MW for the country, including 48,561 MW of wind power. The total potential for wind power in India is estimated at around 45 GW, and was recently increased to 48.5 GW.

I. INTRODUCTION People living in 35% of the landmass of the world have no electrical grid and they live mostly in darkness. Major portions of the continent of Africa, Northern portion of Asia, Central portion of Australia and sizeable part of Western South America are devoid of electricity. Currently, a wind power grid connection is the only application of large-scale wind power farms in the world. The high randomness of wind affects the quality of wind power, and the contribution rate of wind power on the grid is difficult beyond 10% if there is no gasfired power or hydropower for peak shaving. In addition, the wind powered generator has to meet the requirements of the power grid for stabilization of frequency, voltage and phase, which increases the complexity and manufacturing costs, as well as indirectly increasing the price of wind power, and as a result, the applications of large-scale wind power are limited. Non-grid-connected wind power theory was first suggested in 1985 and improved continuously. A large-scale non-grid-connected wind power system

However, the wind measurements were carried out at lower hub heights and did not take into account technological innovation and improvements and repowering of old turbines to replace them with bigger ones. At heights of 55-65 meters, to replace them with bigger ones. At heights of 55-65 meters, the Indian wind turbine manufacturers association (IWTMA) estimates that the potential for wind power development in India is around 65-75 GW. The World Institute of Sustainable Energy, India (WISE) considers that with larger turbines, greater land availability and expanded resource exploration, the potential could be as high as 100 GW. . III. NEED FOR NON-GRID CONNECTED WIND ENERGY SYSTEM Wind power access to the grid is currently the only application mode of the worlds large-scale wind farms. But the strong disturbance of wind power causes a severe impact on the traditional power grid, which restricts the installed capacity of wind power access to grid. It brings two challenges to the sustainable development of wind power. 1) Lots of wind farms cant generate electricity according to the installed capacity at present. According to the statistics of the cumulative installed capacity of 2009 was 11,807 MW while the generation was much lower. In other words, a fraction of the installed capacity was idle and could not transmit the electricity to the grid because of the restriction of the power grid. 2) Most of the wind farms in India are located in remote areas and are quite far away from load centres. Due to a weak transmission and distribution network, it is difficult to transmit the power from wind farms to the load dispatch centres. 3) The rapid development of wind power is restricted in the future. It is difficult for wind power to contribute more than 8% to 10% to the power grid if there is no gas power, or hydropower for peak regulation. This is a global problem. This has brought great challenges to the sustainable development of wind power. Non-grid-connected wind power theory puts forward that large-scale wind farms can achieve the coalition between wind power and high energy-consuming industries such as Chlor-alkali, a seawater desalination

and electrolytic aluminum manufacturer without grid connection. It provides a new profit mode for the development of wind power. The new mode doesnt need the grid, which therefore resolves the problems of wind power access to grid. It brings a new solution for the large-scale and sustainable development of wind power. As shown in Fig. 1, under the traditional mode of wind power access to grid, the electricity generated by a large-scale wind farm can only be transmitted to a power grid, and then the power grid dispatches the electric power and electric quantity to supply for endusers according to network conditions. Thus, the profitability of wind power totally depends on power grid. This is a one-way incentive mode. National policy encourages wind farms to generate electricity, but the power grid is not necessarily encouraged to accept the highly risky wind power access to the grid. Meanwhile, end users are only supplied power by the power grid and some high energy-consuming industries are forced to accept the higher electricity price since they are not encouraged by national policy

Grid-connected mode Non-grid-con -nected mode

Wind farm

Generation

Power grid

Supply

End user

Wind farm

Bilateral protocol power supply

End user

Fig. 1. The two profit modes of wind power

Under the non-grid-connected wind power mode, output and electricity are determined through the negotiation between demand side and supply side. In this mode, wind farms can provide electricity at a lower price since the cost of wind power decreases drastically due to the eliminated investment in the grid connection. Under this mode, wind farms can generate electricity according to the installed capacity and end-users can lower the operation cost with a comparatively low electricity price. Since they both can benefit from the mode, non-grid-connected wind power is a two-way incentive mode. The potential profit opportunities will incentivize wind farms and high energy-consuming enterprises to promote the development of non-gridconnected wind power, which shows the demandinduced characteristic of institutional change. . IV. FEW APPLICATIONS OF NON GRID CONNECTED WIND
ENERGY SYSTEMS

Fig. 2. Some applications of non-grid wind energy systems

Seawater desalinization loads demand The desalinization load in this system is based on reverse osmosis (RO) technology. The load is mainly composed of a water supply pump, high-pressure pump, RO membranes module, and signal sensors. The high pump is the main energy consumption part. It needs a stable power supply in order to maintain stable water pressure, get longer RO membranes module life, and have larger fresh water production. In order to get more fresh water, people wish all the loads could run. So the demands of the load are running more loads running longer, and keeping constant water pressure. Large scale sea water desalination

India has so far installed 175 plants, starting with one at Andaman in 1946. Desalination plants have proved to be an elixir for places like Lakshadweep, Andaman, and some places in Gujarat, Tamil Nadu, and Andhra Pradesh. Seawater desalinization load is driven by motors. DC and AC motors are both workable, so DC and AC power supply solutions are both feasible. But they have different characteristics. DC supply control is easier to alleviate worry about reactive power control, frequency control, and phase synchronization control, etc., but the equipment is relatively expensive. If adopting a high frequency switch like IGBT to DC/DC voltage transform, the power loss is fairly high, so a highly efficient DC supply solution needs to be developed; its a promising way. Although the AC supply system control is more complex, the equipment such as the transformer, motor and breaker, is cheaper, and widely used with lower loss, and more reliable performance. So the DC and AC systems have their respective advantages and disadvantages. According to the system scale, the AC supply system is adopted in this paper. Non-grid-connected wind power seawater Desalinization system construction According to the system demands mentioned above, System construction is designed as shown in Fig. 2.

Desalination is the process of removing excess salt and other minerals from water to render it fit for human consumption. This is easier said than done, for desalination requires use of technologies and machineries. While governments in Spain, the Middle East, and Australia are commissioning big desalination plants to turn seawater into drinking water, there are people who oppose the move, terming it expensive and detrimental to the environment.

Fig. 3. System construction

The system includes three parts: power supply subsystem, which mainly consists of wind turbines and energy storing devices, a load subsystem, and a control subsystem. The output of wind turbines is AC power, rectified to DC power, then inverted to AC power, and finally delivered to load bus by step up and step down transformers. When the wind power is too great, the resistor connected to the DC line will be turned on to consume the extra power. The energy-storing device is connected to the load bus by a bidirectional AC/DC converter, also. When wind power is abundant, energy will be saved to it, and when wind power is insufficient, energy will be released from it. Thus, the system can get better balance between wind power and load, and reduce the loads switching frequency. The control system based on PLC device obtains some necessary signals, such as voltage, current, frequency, wind power, load power, water pressure, frequency converter output frequency and open degree of motor operated valve. According to these input signals, the control system can monitor the system, and decide control measure.

Frequent switching motors does harm to the motor m life and RO membrane life. Wind power and load power should be balanced roughly. Too much RO membranes load causes idle and waste. Too low RO membranes load need to deal with the redundant wind power. Even though wind power and load power is roughly balanced, there is wind power fluctuation at every moment, so energy storing devices are necessary to smooth the fluctuations. Energy storing devices control the problem and capacity design is essential. Consequently, the problems that non-grid-connected wind power need to solve are as follows: keep the RO membranes load running as long as possible, fully utilize wind power and maintain acceptable power quality. Modern wind turbines are capable of generating electrical power without grid, but the energy that they will produce will solely depend upon the wind condition and as a stand alone system, it cannot supply electrical power round the year and 24 hours a day. To get electrical energy all the time through out the day 365 days a year, the non-grid-connected wind power system will have to have an appropriate storage system for electricity. Without storage of electricity, it is virtually importance to conceive a non-gridconnected wind power system. Tremendous amount of research is taking place to store large quantity of electrical energy. The age old system for storing electrical energy is the Lead Acid Batteries. These types of batteries are very reliable to quite cumbersome.

V. ELECTRICAL ENERGY STORAGE The most distinct characteristics of wind power are uncertainty and fluctuation. Without the grid support, Non-grid-connected wind power is more unstable.

The latest researches have started yielding results; the necessity is the mother of invention and the electrical cars and other equipment have forced the researchers to develop lighter and far more efficient storage batteries. The modern battery systems consists of 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) Lead Acid Nickel Cadmium Nickel-Metal Hydride Sodium-Nickel Chloride Lithium-Ion, etc.
Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries Sodium Sulphur Batteries (NAS)

VI conclusion Non grid connected wind energy management system is a beneficial supplement to traditional wind power development. Combination of non-grid-connected wind power and the seawater desalinization industry is of great significance. Using an optimized the energy storing system conventional energy sources can be saved to a great extent. . A feasible, comprehensive development system planning for non- grid wind power technology should be created to solve the difficulties during the development of wind power, to improve the wind power system, and to improve the strategic position of wind power so the people will benefit soon. REFERENCES [1] www.mnre.gov.in. centre for wind energy technology.
[2] W. Gu, and Z. Zhou, Developing large scale non-gridconnected wind power by implementing Seawater Forwarding Westward strategy, World Non-Grid-Connected Wind Power and Energy Conference, 2009, WNWEC 2009, 24-26 Sept. 2009. [3]Indian wind energy outlook 2011. Global wind energy council(GWEC).

When a very large number of automobile start operating on electrical storage systems, cars as a pool of the entire globe, will be a substantial storage facility in the cumulative manner but at distributed locations. This will play a very important role in time to come.10 million electric cars at any time will have approximately 1000MWh of storage capacity. In an ordinary Lead Acid Battery, the electrical energy is stored in the electrolytes, which comprise only 10% of the weight of the battery, while 90% of the weight of the battery system consists of lead. In other words, 10% of the weight of the ordinary car battery is responsible for the storage which normally is 100AH at 12 W. In other words, this means a 1kW motor can run for about an hour. A brilliant idea was explored wherein the charged electrolyte of a battery is continually removed and fresh electrolyte is introduced. The charged electrolyte is separately stored and the capacity of the battery will now depend upon the charged electrolyte stored quantity.The technique has been developed by a Canadian Company which is now exploited by Chinese Company. The latest invention has lead to the NaS, i.e. Sodium Sulphate Battery. This also have a very high potential and storage in MWh capacity has become possible. A 51MW size wind farm in Japan has installed a 34 MWh storage capacity on NaS Battery system (Table.1). This is successfully in operation for several years.

Weight of a 20 kWh Battery System Lead-Acid 500kg Nickel-Cadmium 500kg Nickel-Metal Hydride 300kg Sodium-Nickel Chloride 210kg Lithium-Ion 180kg
Table 1. Specific storage capacity integrated by kWh per kg