The Textbook of Digital Photography TOPICAL INDEX

Key Numbers in bold denote pages with illustrations, such as diagrams or photographs.

automatic white balance, 20 auto mode, full, 19, 19

B
banding on images, 81 batteries, 19, 22, 28, 28, 54 beach scenes, 104, 108 black and white mode, 91 blurry images, 28, 92, 93

A
Adams, Ansel, 44, 73, 86, 102, 102 Adobe Lightroom automation in, 77 described, 42, 47, 61, 62, 63, 68, 77, 78 develop module, 75-77, 76 exporting images in, 77 library module, 74-75, 75 local editing in, 78 main features of, 73-74, 74 other modules, 77 Adobe PhotoShop, 78-79, 78, 84 Adobe RGB, 81 AEB. see autoexposure bracketing (AEB) Al-Haitham, Abu Ali Hasan Ibn, 10 aperture changing depth of field, 95, 96, 96 described, 88, 88, 89, 95, 95 f/stops, 96, 96 maximum, 96 symbol for, 89 used with shutter, 97-98, 97, 98 aperture-priority AE mode, 90, 97 Apple Aperture, 42, 57, 73, 74 Apple iPhoto, 57 archiving images, 65 aspect ratio of image sensors, 35, 35, 36 asset managers, 62 autoexposure, 20, 90, 99, 103, 103 autoexposure bracketing (AEB), 111, 111 autoexposure lock (AE Lock), 110, 110 autoflash, 20 autofocus, 20

B (continued)
Boyle, Willard, 12, 12, 13 bracketing, 87, 87, 111, 111 brightness in images, 69, 69, 71, 71 buffer, 20, 25, 26, 26, 47 buttons and dials, 19, 21, 24

C
cable connection, 54, 55 camera, 10 see also digital camera(s) camera obscuras, 10 camera settings, 19, 21 camera turned off, 28 camera wont take pictures, 28 card reader, 53, 53 cards. see memory cards/sticks Cartier-Bresson, Henri, 25 CCD. see charge-coupled device (CCD) CDs and DVDs, 56-58, 56, 57, 58, 59 cell phone cameras, iv, 13, 15, 15, 36, 55 charge-coupled device (CCD) described, 29, 29, 30 inventors of, 12, 12, 13 uses in science and industry, 13, 13 CIE LAB, 81 clipped pixels, 70-71, 71 cleaning image sensors, 41, 41 close-up mode, 91 CMM. see color matching method (CMM) CMOS sensor, 29, 30 see also image sensor(s)

CMS. see color management systems (CMS) CMY, 80, 80, 81 CMYK, 38, 81 collections, 64 color cast images, 67 color depth, 45-46, 46 color in images, 38-40 color management, 80-84 color management systems (CMS), 82 color management workflow, 82, 82 color matching method (CMM), 83, 84 color models, 80 color profiles, 82-84 color spaces, 80-81 composing images, 22-24 compression files, 45, 45 continuous photography, 26, 26

early versions of, 12, 12 features of, 14 holding, 19 taking pictures with, 19, 19, 20, 20, 25 types of cell phone, iv, 13, 15, 15, 36, 55 fixed lens, 16, 16 one-time-use, 15, 15 point and shoot, 15, 15 professional, 18, 18 range finder, 17, 17 single-lens reflex (SLR), 16, 16, 22, 24 digital photography, iv, 12, 14 Digital SLR. see single-lens reflex (SLR) camera digital workflow, 42, 43, 65 diopter adjustment dial, 19, 24 DNG, 44-45 dock, 54 drives, 50 DVDs and CDs, 56-58, 56, 57, 58, 59

C (continued)
contrast (tonal range), 66-67, 69, 70, 72, 102, 102, 106, 106 creative photography, iv cropping images, 66, 66 custom settings mode, 90 cyan, magenta, yellow, black. see CMY; CMYK

E
editing images. see evaluating images educational resources, iii erase/delete button, 21 error messages, 28

D
dark background, 106, 106, 108 dark chambers. see camera obscuras dark flash images, 28 database/library, 61, 61, 62 DCF. see Design Rule for Camera File System (DCF) delays, 25, 28 delete/erase button, 21 depth of field, changing, 95, 96, 96 Design Rule for Camera File System (DCF), 50 digital back, 18, 18 digital camera(s) controls of, 19, 20, 21, 27 different sizes of, 17

E (continued)
evaluating images for color, 67-68, 67 for image size and orientation, 66 for imperfections/details, 68 for noise, 68 for sharpness, 68, 95 for tonal range, 66-67, 69, 70, 72, 102, 102, 106, 106 global editing, 73-77 local editing, 78-79 exif metadata, 27, 63, 63, 64, 65 exporting images, 65 exposure analogies of, 97, 97, 98, 98

automatic, 20, 90, 99, 103, 103 bracketing, 87, 87, 111, 111 compensation, 71, 71, 100, 102, 109, 109 controls of (aperture and shutter), 88 gray cards, 102, 102 importance of, 86-87, 86, 89 improper, 70, 71, 101 meter(ing), 99-101, 99, 101 middle gray, 99, 100, 100 modes, 90-91, 90, 91 placing a value, 102 see also aperture; shutter Exchangeable Image File Format (Exif) metadata, 27, 63, 63, 64, 65 exporting images, 65, 77 Extensible Metadata Platform (XMP), 65

full auto mode, 19, 19

G
gamut, 80, 81 global editing, 73-77 grainy images, 37, 37, 68 gray cards, 102, 102 gray scale, 100

H
hard drive, 56, 56 highlights, 69, 70 histogram, 22, 67, 69-72, 69, 72, 75, 75 see also tonal range history of photography, iv, v, v, 10, 10, 12, 29, 34, 38, 38, 73, 78, 88, 92 holding a camera, 19

F
faucets and buckets analogy, 97 filenames, 51-52, 51 files disappeared from camera, 28, 49 film photography, iv, 12, 14 filtering images, 63 fixed lens camera, 16, 16 flash drives, 58 flash lamp is blinking on camera, 28 flash recycle delay, 25 focus lamp is blinking on camera, 28 folders, 50-51 format(s) choosing, 46-47 DNG, 44-45 JPEG, 44, 46, 51, 73, 80, 100 PSD, 46, 73, 78 RAW, 44, 46, 46, 47, 47, 66, 73, 100 TIFF, 45, 51, 73

I
ICC. see International Color Consortium (ICC) images, digital advantages of, iv, 14 capturing, 25 choosing sizes of, 32 equipment to create, 9 framing (through viewfinder), 19, 19 previewing, 20, 22, 27, 64 printing, 27, 32, 33 resolution/pixel count of, 31, 31, 33, 34 rotating, 27, 27, 66 sharing, 14 image managers, 61 image processors, 40 image sensor(s) aspect ratio of, 35, 35, 36 capturing color, 18, 29, 38 charge-coupled devices (CCD), 12, 12, 13, 13, 29, 29, 30 cleaning, 41, 41 CMOS sensor, 29, 30 damaged from sun, 28

F (continued)
framing an image (through viewfinder), 19, 19 f/stops, 96, 96

described, 29, 39 pixelization, 31, 32 resolution/pixel count of images, 31, 31, 33, 34 sensitivity and noise, 37, 37 size of, 35, 35 image sizes, 32, 33

55, 59 MENU button, 21 metadata, 27, 63, 63, 64, 65 meter(ing), 99-101, 99, 101 middle gray, 99, 100, 100 modes, exposure, 90-91, 90, 91 monitors. see LCD monitor

I (continued)
International Color Consortium (ICC) 83, 84 International Press Telecommunications Council (IPTC), 64 interpolated resolution, 34 interpolation, 38, 39 IPTC. see International Press Telecommunications Council (IPTC)

N
night modes, 91 noise, 68 non-destructive editing, 64, 65, 73

J
Jackson, William Henry, iv JPEG, 44, 46, 51, 73, 80, 100

O
one-time-use camera, 15, 15 organizing images, 60-65 see also storing images; transferring images overriding automatic exposure gray cards, 102, 102 how it works, 108, 108 how to override with camera, 109-111, 109, 110, 111 when to use, 104-107, 104, 105, 106, 107

K
keywords, assigning to images, 63

L
landscape mode, 91 LCD monitor, 21, 21, 22, 22, 23, 24 LCD panel, 21, 21 lens, camera, 24, 41, 91, 96, 99 light background, 105 light flash images, 28 lighting, 85, 86, 103, 104 Lightroom. see Adobe Lightroom light table, 64 live view, 22 local editing, 78-79

P
panoramic mode, 91 parallax, 23 paths (storing), 52, 52 photo information storage. see exif metadata photos. see images, digital picture elements. see pixel(s) pixel(s) captured by image sensors, 18, 29, 38 clipped, 70-71, 71 described, 11, 11 pixelization, 31, 32 resampling, 66 resolution/pixel count of images, 31, 31,

M
macro button, 21 manual mode, 90, 109 Maxwell, James Clerk, 38 memory cards/sticks, 28, 48-49, 48, 49, 53,

33, 34 subpixels, 11 see also histogram placing a value, 102 playback mode, 27, 27 point-and-shoot digital cameras, 15, 15 portrait mode, 91 previewing images, 20, 22, 27, 64 printing images, 27, 32, 33 problems. see troubleshooting professional camera, 18, 18 programmed AE (auto exposure) mode, 20, 90 ProPhoto, 81 PSD, 46, 73, 78

shutter speeds, 89, 93, 93, 94, 97, 97 single-lens reflex (SLR) camera, 16, 16, 22, 24 sleep mode, 28 slideshows, 27 slow startup time, 25 SLR. see single-lens reflex (SLR) camera Smith, George 12, 12, 13 snow scenes, 104, 104, 108 soft proofing, 83 software, photo-editing, 14 see also Adobe Lightroom; Adobe PhotoShop; Apple Aperture; Apple iPhoto sorting images, 63 sports mode, 91 sRGB, 80 stacks, 64 storing images archiving images, 65 Design Rule for Camera File System (DCF), 50 drives, 50 DVDs and CDs, 56-58, 56, 57, 58, 59 factors affecting storage, 48 filenames, 51-52, 51 folders, 50-51 hard drive, 56, 56 memory cards/sticks, 48-49, 48, 49, 53, 55, 59 paths, 52, 52 trees, 52, 52 when traveling, 59, 59 see also organizing images; transferring images straight photography, 73 see also history of photography sun damage to image sensors, 28

R
rangefinder camera, 17, 17 ranking images, 63 RAW, 44, 46, 46, 47, 47, 66, 73, 100 red, green, blue. see RGB refresh rate, slow, 24 rendering, 84 resizing images, 66 resolution, 31, 31, 33, 34 RGB, 38, 80, 80 rotating images, 27, 27, 66

S
scene modes, 90, 91, 91 seesaw analogy, 98 sepia mode, 91 settings, changing, 28 shadows, 105, 108 sharing images, 14 sharpness, 68, 95 shutter button, 21, 20, 20 shutter-lag time, 25, 25 shutter-priority AE mode, 90 shutter(s) described, 88, 92, 92 stops, 93, 93 types of, 94, 94 used with aperture, 97-98, 97, 98

T
tagged images, 83 taking a picture, 19, 19, 20, 20, 25 Talbot, Henry Fox, 10 through the lens (TTL), 22, 23, 24 TIFF, 45, 51, 73

tonal range, 66-67, 69, 70, 72, 102, 102, 106, 106 tracking images, 62 transferring images, 53-55, 53, 54, 55, 58 see also organizing images; storing images traveling tips, 59, 59 trees (storing), 52, 52 troubleshooting camera problems batteries, dying, 28 camera turned off, 28 camera wont take picture, 28 delays, 25, 28 error message appeared, 28 files disappeared, 28, 49 flash lamp is blinking, 28 flash recycle delay, 25 focus lamp is blinking, 28 image sensor is damaged, 28 memory card, full or missing, 28 parallax, 23 refresh rate, slow, 24 settings are unwanted, 28 shutter-lag time, 25, 25 sleep mode, lapse into 28 slow startup time, 25 viewfinder blackout, 25 image problems banding on images, 81 blurry images, 28, 92, 93 color cast images, 67 dark flash images, 28 grainy images, 37, 37, 68 images are too bright, 69, 69, 71, 71 improperly exposed images, 70, 71, 101 light flash images, 28 noise on images, 68 TTL. see through the lens (TTL) TV connection, 23, 24, 27, 57

U
unsharp masking, 68

V
video camera, 13, 17, 17 viewfinder(s), 22, 23-24, 24, 25

W
watched folders, 62 Weston, Edward, 73 wireless connections, 55, 55 workflow, digital, 42, 43, 65 working space, 81

X
XMP. see Extensible Metadata Platform (XMP)