Math Studies Lessons

Chapter 1: Number Sets and Properties

Key Terms
Union: --- U for Union Intersection: --- n for Intersection Element: --- The # is a part of a long list of #s/ set Subset: --- Same as an element except instead of # there are multiple #s Counting Numbers: N* = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 } Natural Numbers: N = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 5 } --- Naturally, Zero is a Natural # Integers: Z = {0, +1, +2, +3, +4, } Positive Integers: Z+ = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 } Negative Integers: Z- = {-1, -2, -3, -4, -5 } Rational Numbers: Q; It can be written in a fraction without a 0 at the bottom Irrational Numbers: Anything in a symbol (radical)

Prime Factorization
Example: Find the prime factor of 252 252/2 = 126/2 = 63/3 = 21/3 = 7/7 = 1 Basically, the division of the number using prime numbers until you reach the lowest possible number. The answer of the above example is 2x2x3x3x7 A.K.A. 22 x 32 x 7

Highest Common Factor

This is the same thing as Prime factorization except with 2 or more numbers instead of one. Just list out the prime factors as shown above and then find the numbers that are common in all 2 or all 3 or all 4, etc. Example: HCF of 18 and 24 18 = 2 x 3 x 3 24 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 The numbers in the bold are the numbers they both have in common. If they only have one number in common then that is the HCF. However, if there is more than on number in common then you multiply all the common numbers. 2 x 3 = 6 is the HCF

Order of Operations
PEMDAS Parentheses, Exponent, Multiplication OR Division, Addition OR Subtraction for MD and AS, they are linked together and as such, its based on which comes first from left to right!

Chapter 2: Measurement
Temperature
From Fahrenheit (F) Celsius (C) Kelvin (K) To Fahrenheit F (C * 9/5) + 32 (K - 273.15) * 9/5 + 32 To Celsius (F 32) * 5/9 C K - 273.15 To Kelvin (F - 32) * 5/9 + 273.15 C + 273.15 K

Imperial Standard Units Length

Imperial 1 inch [in] 1 foot [ft] 1 yard [yd] 1 mile 1 nautical mile 12 in 3 ft 1760 yd 2025.4 yd Metric 2.54 cm 0.3048 m 0.9144 m 1.6093 km 1.853 km

Weight (Mass)
Imperial Metric 1 ounce [oz] 437.5 grain 28.35 g 1 pound [lb] 16 oz 0.4536 kg 1 stone 14 lb 6.3503 kg 1 hundredweight [cwt] 112 lb 50.802 kg 1 long ton 20 cwt 1.016 t Its striked out because it isnt important for the IB exam, in fact, none of it is as you wont be asked to convert anything without it giving you the conversion but knowing it doesnt hurt :x

Rounding Numbers
Significant Figures I believe it is 3 sig figs for IB Math Studies (or you could just enter every single #) Instead of explaining Ill just give you examples and just figure it out.. 3 sig figs for each: 0000.125555 = 0.126 0000.120555 = 0.121 000.001205555 = 0.00121 10.120555 = 10.1

100.120555 = 100 I hope you see the pattern..

Error and Percentage Error [2.2]

Error = Estimated Value (minus) True Value Percentage Value = (|Error|/Actual Value) x 100% <in Formula Sheet (2.2)>

Chapter 3: Sets and Venn Diagram

Really simple, Just look over 3C, 3D and 3E..

Chapter 4: The Rule of Pythagoras

Key Terms
Pythagoras rule = basically, the Pythagorean Theorem Hypotenuse = Longest side of the triangle (c) Legs = 2 Legs, interchangeable (a and/or b) a2 + b2 = c2 Only applies to right angled Triangles.

True Bearings
Direction of travel from a standard side pointing North moving clockwise.

Presumed Knowledge
-Topic 1 Portion of Formula Sheet

Chapter 5: Presenting and Interpreting Data

Key Terms
Frequency Table Shows the number of times a certain number is repeated in that data set. Dot Plot Visual Representation of the Frequency Table. Each dot = Frequency Stem Plot Attach each Leaf to its Stem. Stem repeats, Leaf doesnt! Mean (6.5) Average; Add all the #s data and then divide by number of data Median Middle of the Data Mode Most Repeated number of the Data Range Largest Number Smallest Number Upper Quartile Middle of the Portion Above the Median Lower Quartile Middle of the Portion Below the Median Interquartile Range (6.4) Upper Quartile Lower Quartile Box-and-Whisker Plot Represents the Smallest Number, Lower Quartile, Median, Upper Quartile and the Largest Number (in that order)

Chapter 6: Linear and Exponential Algebra

Standard Deviation
Formula Sheet 6.6

Exponential Equations
Example: 2x = 16 2x = 16 2x = 24 x =4

Chapter 7: Coordinate Geometry

Distance and Midpoints
Formula Sheet 5.1

Gradient & Equation of a Line

Gradient = y-step / x-step Formula Sheet 5.2 Gradient = Slope Equation of a line y=mx +c (Formula Sheet 5.2)

Chapter 8: Quadratic Algebra

Products & Expansion
F First (The 1st # in the 1st parentheses x The 1st # in the 2nd parentheses) O Outside (The 1st # in the 1st parentheses x The 2nd # in the 2nd parentheses) I Inside (The 2nd # in the 1st parentheses x The 1st # in the 2nd parentheses) L Last (The 2nd # in the 1st parentheses x The 2nd # in the 2nd parentheses)

Quadratic Equations
Example: 2 - 3x2 = 8 -3x = 6 x2 = -2 Remember PEMDAS? SADME (I think)

Chapter 9: Function Notation and Quadratic Functions

Key Terms
Function Draw a vertical line (up to down), if you hit more than one point, then its NOT a function! Domain Permissible values that x may have Range Permissible values that y may have x-intercept a value of x where the graph meets the x-axis y-intercept a value of y where the graph meets the y-axis vertex turning point of the graph axis of symmetry Formula Sheet 4.3 minimum value the lowest y-value the graph dips to maximum value the highest y-value the graph raises to

Chapter 10: Trigonometry

Trigonometric Ratios
SOH CAH TOA <Right Angels ONLY>

The Sine & Cosine Rule

Formula Sheet 5.4

Chapter 11: Perimeter, Area, Volume

FORMULA SHEET - PRESUMED KNOWLEDGE

and Density: density = mass / volume

Chapter 12: Sequences and Series

Key Terms
Arithmetic Sequence (2.5) Number Pattern based on addition or subtraction Geometric Sequence (2.6) Number Pattern based on multiplication or division Compound Interest (8.3) uhhhitll state compound interest in the test Simple Interest (8.2) uhhhitll state simple interest in the test Interest Added value paid for borrowing the money Total Interest Earned = final balance principal

Chapter 13: Financial Math (mixed it with 12 ^) Chapter 14: Probability

Formula Sheet 3.8 and 3.10 If you have any doubts, Mr. Genius A.K.A. Mr. Khan: Simple Probability - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yUaI0JriZtY&feature=plcp Complex Probability - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zlqvSLvhIXE&feature=plcp Dependent Probability - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xPUm5SUVzTE&feature=plcp Dependent Probability2 - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7BkcNLOf56w&feature=plcp Tree Diagrams figure it out :x

Chapter 15: Logic

Proposition
Conjunction - --- n for and Inclusive Disjunction - --- v for inclusive disjunction A.K.A. one or both Exclusive Disjunction - --- for exclusi e disjunction A.K.A. only one of

P T T F F

Q T F T F

Negation (p) F F T T

Conjunction (pq) T F F F

Inclusive Disjunction (pq) T T T F

Exclusive Disjunction (pq) F T T F

Explanation: Negation take the exact opposite, if p is true, the negation of p is false! Conjunction True + True = True True + False = False False + True = False False + False = True Inclusive Disjunction True + True = True True + False = True False + True = True False + False = False Exclusive Disjunction True + True = False

True + False = True False + True = True False + False = False Converse Instead of statement p resulting in statement q; its statement q resulting in statement p Inverse Instead of statement p resulting in statement q; its negation of statement p resulting in negation of statement q Contrapositive Instead of statement p resulting in statement q; its negation of statement q resulting in negation of statement p

Chapter 16 19 Not Available Right Now

Maybe Tomorrow; Sorry

The numbers in parentheses is topic.section of where it is located in the formula sheet. Currently, the following ones are missing from this document which you probably should review upon: 2.7 3.9 3.10 5.5 6.7 6.8 6.9 7.1 7.2 Critical Values