Tire damages: Causes and avoidance

Tire damage: Causes and avoidance

Corporate Customer Service Cesar Maldonado December 2009

Tire damages: Causes and avoidance

Contents
Inflation pressure and load capacity
Load capacity Influence of tire inflation pressure Consequences of low inflation pressure How to recognize tires which have been driven underinflated Impact damage Sidewall indentation Puncture due an external object Repaired tires Mounting Damages

Damage due to external influences

Wear
Slip causes wear One sided wear Feather-edged wear Saw-tooth or heel and toe wear

Corporate Customer Service Cesar Maldonado December 2009

Tire damages: Causes and avoidance Influence of inflation pressure

Load capacity of inflated tires The theoretical load capacity of an inflated tire is determined by: Tire air volume tire dimensions maximum permitted air pressure tire construction (i.e. standard load, XL, van tires)

The effective load capacity is proportional to the product of tire air volume and the air pressure.

Air pressure

Volume

Corporate Customer Service Cesar Maldonado December 2009

Tire damages: Causes and avoidance

Corporate Customer Service Cesar Maldonado December 2009

Tire damages: Causes and avoidance

Corporate Customer Service Cesar Maldonado December 2009

Tire damages: Causes and avoidance Influence of inflation pressure

Important: Tire pressure

Many car drivers drive with wrong tire inflation pressures (Source: Continental study)

Corporate Customer Service Cesar Maldonado December 2009

Tire damages: Causes and avoidance Influence of inflation pressure

Tire life expectancy and tire durability depend directly on the inflation pressure

Corporate Customer Service Cesar Maldonado December 2009

Tire damages: Causes and avoidance Influence of inflation pressure

Heat service camera

Corporate Customer Service Cesar Maldonado December 2009

Tire damages: Causes and avoidance Influence of inflation pressure

Corporate Customer Service Cesar Maldonado December 2009

Tire damages: Causes and avoidance Influence of inflation pressure

Inflation pressure 3,1 bar
*>140.0F 140.0 130.0 120.0 110.0 100.0 90.0 80.0 *<80.0F
outside 106.6 96.7

Corporate Customer Service Cesar Maldonado December 2009

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Tire damages: Causes and avoidance Influence of inflation pressure

Inflation pressure 2,4 bar
*>140.0F > 60 C 140.0 60 C
55 C 130.0

50 C 120.0
45 C 110.0
113.7 45C 100.7 37C

100.0 40 C 90.0 35 C
30 C 80.0

*<80.0F < 30 C

outside

Corporate Customer Service Cesar Maldonado December 2009

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Tire damages: Causes and avoidance Influence of inflation pressure

Inflation pressure 1,8 bar

> 60 C *>140.0F
60 C 140.0

55 C 130.0
50 C 120.0
110.0 45 C 100.0 40 C 90.0 35 C 80.0 30 C *<80.0F < 30 C
outside 121.4 50C 105.7 40C

Corporate Customer Service Cesar Maldonado December 2009

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Tire damages: Causes and avoidance Influence of inflation pressure

Inflation pressure 1,3 bar
*>140.0F > 60 C > 60 C *>140.0F 140.0 60 C 60 C 140.0 130.0 55 C 55 C 130.0 120.0 50 C 50 C 120.0
45 C 110.0 110.0 45 C 40 C 100.0 100.0 40 C
121.4 50C130.5 55C

116.1 105.7 46C 40C

35 C 90.0 90.0 35 C

80.0 80.0 30 C 30 C
*<80.0F <*<80.0F < 30 C 30 C
outside

Corporate Customer Service Cesar Maldonado December 2009

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Tire damages: Causes and avoidance Influence of inflation pressure

Inflation pressure 0,75 bar
*>140.0F > 60 C >>60 C *>140.0F *>149.0F 60 C 140.0 60 C 60 C 140.0 130.0 60 C 55 140.0 55 C 130.0
55 C 130.0 120.0 50 C 50 C 120.0 50 C 120.0 45 C 110.0 110.0 45 C 45 C 110.0 40 C 100.0 100.0 40 C 40 C 100.0 35C 90.0 90.0 35 C 35 C 90.0 80.0 80.0 30 C 30 C
*<80.0FC <*<80.0F <30 C 30 <*<85.0F 30 C
148.9 65C 138.5 59C

121.4 50C130.5 55C

116.1 105.7 46C 40C

outside

Corporate Customer Service Cesar Maldonado December 2009

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Tire damages: Causes and avoidance Influence of inflation pressure

Tires have a memory
Standard Zone Dangerous Zone

Critical Temperature limit

10 20

30 40

50

60 70

80

Driving time (min)

Even at only 0,3 bar below the recommended inflation pressure, the tire temperature could exceed 120C at higher speeds

Maintaining the recommended inflation pressure keeps the temperature stable and within the normal range.

Corporate Customer Service Cesar Maldonado December 2009

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Tire damages: Causes and avoidance Influence of inflation pressure

Inflation pressure strongly influences
Tire durability Fuel consumption Handling Even wear and mileage Traction and braking

Our recommendation is to check and if necessary adjust the tire inflation pressure every two weeks. The same recommendation also applies for tires filled with nitrogen

Corporate Customer Service Cesar Maldonado December 2009

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Tire damages: Causes and avoidance Influence of inflation pressure

How to recognize tires driven with low inflation pressure

Deep or wide indentations in the bead area caused by rubbing against the rim flange indicate poor pressure maintenance.

Corporate Customer Service Cesar Maldonado December 2009

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Tire damages: Causes and avoidance Influence of inflation pressure

How to recognize tires driven with low inflation pressure

Double sided shoulder wear

Corporate Customer Service Cesar Maldonado December 2009

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Tire damages: Causes and avoidance Influence of inflation pressure

Possible consequences of driving with low inflation pressure

Uneven wear may indicate belt separation.

Corporate Customer Service Cesar Maldonado December 2009

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Tire damages: Causes and avoidance Influence of inflation pressure

Possible consequences of driving with low inflation pressure

Parts of the tire have separated as a result of poor pressure maintenance.

Corporate Customer Service Cesar Maldonado December 2009

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Tire damages: Causes and avoidance Influence of inflation pressure

Possible consequences of driving with low inflation pressure

Tire destroyed by driving with too low inflation pressure

Corporate Customer Service Cesar Maldonado December 2009

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Tire damages: Causes and avoidance Influence of inflation pressure

Possible consequences of driving with low inflation pressure

Corporate Customer Service Cesar Maldonado December 2009

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Tire damages: Causes and avoidance Damage due to external factors

Corporate Customer Service Cesar Maldonado December 2009

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Tire damages: Causes and avoidance Damage due to external factors

Corporate Customer Service Cesar Maldonado December 2009

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Tire damages: Causes and avoidance Damage due to external factors

Impact break

Tip: If you cant avoid driving over kerbs and similar obstacles,

then they should only be driven over at an obtuse angle and at an appropriately slow speed
.

Corporate Customer Service Cesar Maldonado December 2009

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Tire damages: Causes and avoidance Damage due to external influences

Impact break

Damage seen from inside the tire Damage seen from the outside

Corporate Customer Service Cesar Maldonado December 2009

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Tire damages: Causes and avoidance Damage due to external influences

Exception: Sidewall indentation

Body Ply Overlap

Sidewall indentation

Corporate Customer Service Cesar Maldonado December 2009

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Tire damages: Causes and avoidance Damage due to external influences

Puncture to an external object, example: screw

Screw puncture

Corporate Customer Service Cesar Maldonado December 2009

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Tire damages: Causes and avoidance Damage due to external influences

Tire has been damaged by coming into contact with the vehicle bodywork.

Corporate Customer Service Cesar Maldonado December 2009

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Tire damages: Causes and avoidance Damage due to external factors

Improper tire repair

Important: Continental advises, that a repair to one of its tires invalidates the manufacturers warranty.

Corporate Customer Service Cesar Maldonado December 2009

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Tire damages: Causes and avoidance Damage due to external factors

Improper tire repair (tube repair patch)

Important: Continental advises, that a repair to one of its tires invalidates the manufacturers warranty.

Corporate Customer Service Cesar Maldonado December 2009

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Tire damages: Causes and avoidance Damage due to external factors

Broken bead core

Broken bead as a result of being over tensioned during inflation Important: Maximum seating pressure of 3,3 bar must not be exceeded. Rim must be in good condition and sufficient tire bead lubricant applied
Corporate Customer Service Cesar Maldonado December 2009

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Tire damages: Causes and avoidance Damage due to external influences

Mounting damage

Bead damage, due to improper mounting. Important: Both beads and rim shoulders must be sufficiently lubricated. The tire fitting equipment must be suitable for the tires being fitted and in good condition.
Corporate Customer Service Cesar Maldonado December 2009

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Tire damages: Causes and avoidance Wear

Wear is unavoidable

Slip causes wear. Aggressive driving the degree of slip.

increases

but subject to influence Slip between the tire and the road surface causes wear and reduces mileage. To reduce slip, drive smoothly. Tip: Avoid unnecessary harsh cornering, braking and acceleration.
Corporate Customer Service Cesar Maldonado December 2009

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Tire damages: Causes and avoidance Uneven wear

Impact of the axle geometry on tire wear

One-sided wear caused by incorrect axle geometry

Corporate Customer Service Cesar Maldonado December 2009

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Tire damages: Causes and avoidance Wear picture

Uneven wear caused by incorrect toe settings Feather- edged wear Incorrect toe settings lead to very high sideforces and slip. Wear caused by wrong toe settings can be recognized by the feathering of the block or rib edges

Important: Check the condition of your tires regularly. If irregular wear is detected, the vehicle axle geometry should be checked as soon as possible

Corporate Customer Service Cesar Maldonado December 2009

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Tire damages: Causes and avoidance Uneven wear

Saw-tooth or heel and toe wear Saw-tooth wear pattern viewed from the side of the tire

Important: Reduce heel and toe wear by maintaining the correct tire inflation pressures and avoid unnecessary harsh cornering. Note: A certain amount of heel and toe wear on the shoulder blocks is normal and not a cause for concern
Corporate Customer Service Cesar Maldonado December 2009

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