PROJECT PREPARATION FOR ESTABLISHMENT OF COMMERCIAL ORCHARD OF JACKFRUIT

Submitted To:- Dr.S.Sengupta (Dept. of Horticulture) Submitted by :- Ruby kumari(M.sc 1st sem ,Hort.) Subject:FSC-501

birsa agricultural university

Faculty of agriculture
Ranchi-834006 ( Jharkhand )

TITLE:-

Project preparation for establishment of commercial orchard of jackfruit with special reference to Jharkhand.

INTRODUCTION:- The fruit of the jack (Artocarpus heterophyllus) is

one of the popular fruits in India, where the total area under this fruit is about 13,460 ha.

BACKGROUND:1. ORIGIN:- The jackfruit is believed indigenous to the rain

forests of the Western Ghats of India. It spread early on to other parts of India, southeast Asia, the East Indies and ultimately the Philippines. It is often planted in central and eastern Africa and is fairly popular in Brazil and Surinam. 2. AREA & PRODUCTION:- India is the second largest producer of Fruits after China, with a production of 44.04 million tonnes of fruits from an area of 3.72 million hectares 3. Economic Importance:- Ripe jackfruit is naturally sweet with subtle flavouring. It can be used to make a variety of dishes, including custards, cakes. Seeds from ripe fruits are edible and are prepared by boiling in salted water for about 25 minutes. They have a milky, sweet taste. In many parts of India, roasted salted seed is also eaten and considered a delicacy. The skin of unripe jack fruit must be peeled first and discarded, then the whole fruit can be chopped into edible portions and cooked to be eaten. The raw young fruit is not edible.

PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY:
1. Agro-climatic requirements:= Jackfruit grows in a wide range of tropical to subtropical environments. It is most common in lowland forests upto 250 m (820 ft), decreasing in abundance up to 1000m above sea level; it thrives best in moist tropical environments below 1000 m (3300 ft). It favors environments with a uniform rainfall pattern. 2. Soils requirement:= Jackfruit grows best in well drained, deep soils of moderate fertility but tolerates a wide range of soils including shallow limestone, sand, and rocky substrates. The tree does not tolerate water stagnation or poor drainage. If the roots touch stagnant water, the tree fails to bear fruit, or it may die. 3. Propagation:= Jackfruit seedlings are very easy to grow. Seedlings develop very quickly, reaching 25 cm (10 in) in height within 34 months. Seeds are cross-pollinated and therefore not true-to-type, so grafting known varieties onto rootstocks is often done, especially for commercial production where a uniform product with the best market qualities is important. Because the seeds are large and grow quickly and their root systems are sensitive to damage during transplanting, direct-seeding in the field can give the best results. Fieldsown seedlings can be top-worked (grafted) with select varieties once they are established. Propagation by vegetative means such as cuttings and air-layering is also possible, although uncommon.

4. Varieties Cultivated:=
I. II. III. IV. V. VI. 'Singapore', or 'Ceylon' 'Safeda', 'Khaja', 'Bhusila', 'Bhadaiyan' and 'Handia'

5. Planting:= The plants of jackfruit should be planted in a square system (hexagonal if the soil is less fertile) 12m apart. June-August is ideal time for planting. The tap root system along with plants should not be disturbed while planting. The young plants should be protected from stray goats and cattle. Protective irrigations are necessary initially at 12-15 days intervals depending on soil and climate conditions. The plants should be trained by removing lower branches.

Planting Season:= Planting is usually done in the

month of July-August in rainfed areas and during February-March in irrigated areas. In case of heavy rainfall zones, planting is taken up at the end of rainy season. Spacing:= The planting distance is 10m. x 10m. and 12m. x 12m. in dry and moist zones respectively. In the model scheme, a spacing of 8m. x 8m. with a population of 63 plants per acre has been considered which was observed to be common in areas covered during a field study. Training of Plants:= Training of plants in the initial stages of growth is very important to give them a proper shape specially in cases where the graft has branched too low. Nutrition:= Its plants need adequate nutrition for regular and good cropping. Apply 80kg farmyard manure to a tree annually along with chemical fertilizers. For obtaining higher productivity
Recommended fertilizer schedule for jackfruit
Age of the plant (in years) Nitrogen Phosphate Potash

1-3 4-7 7 & above

200 120 60

400 240 120

600 300 180

Irrigation:= The frequency and amount of irrigation to be

provided depends on the type of soil, prevailing climatic conditions,

rainfall and its distribution and lastly the age of the trees. No irrigation is required during the monsoon months unless there are long spells of drought.
Age of the plant (in years) /Growth stage Irrigation schedule
Irrigated at an interval of 2-3 days during dry season. Irrigation interval- 4-5 days . Irrigated after every 10-15 days 2-3 irrigations after fruit set.

1 2 5-8/fruit set to maturity

Full bearing stage

Inter-cropping := The partial shade loving crops like

pineapple, ginger, turmeric etc. can be cultivated in fully grown orchards. In addition to field crops, some short duration , less exhaustive and dwarf type inter- fillers like papaya, guava, peach, plum etc. can be grown till these do not interfere with the main mango crop .It is advisable to take vegetable crops as inter crops for better returns. The average cost of inter cropping would be Rs.10,000 / Acre and it would yield on an average of 6 tonnes / Acres.

Plant Protection Measures:= PEST & DISEASES:=

Principal insect pests in India are the : Shoot-borer caterpillar, Diaphania caesalis; Mealybugs. Nipaecoccus viridis, The spittle bug, Cosmoscarta relata, Jack scale, Ceroplastes rubina. The stem and fruit borer, Margaronia caecalis, and The brown bud-weevil, Ochyromera artocarpio. Diseases of importance include Pink disease, Pelliculana (Corticium) salmonicolor, Stem rot, Rhizopus artocarpi; Gray blight, Pestalotia elasticola, Charcoal rot, Ustilana zonata, Collar rot, Rosellinia arcuata,

Harvesting and Yield:= Fruits mature 3 to 8

months from flowering. Tender jackfruits are harvested for use as vegetables during early spring and summer until tile seeds harden. The fruit matures towards the end of summer in June. Period of fruit development is February to June. Harvesting is done by cutting off the stalks carrying the fruits. Bearing in jackfruit starts from tile seventh to eighth year when a few fruits may develop. The tree reaches its peak bearing stage within fifteen to sixteen years after planting. Yield is not similar every year. Normally, a tree bears a few to 250 fruits annually at this stage. The weight of tile fruit varies widely depending on tile type. r Individual jackfruit may weigh up to 50 kg.

POST HARVEST MANAGEMENT:= Storage := Jackfruit is not normally stored in

cold storage. It has a good storage quality because of its thick peel. A storage life of about 6 weeks is expected when tile temperature is 10.1 to l2.7C and humidity between 85 to 90 per cent. The initial quality and stage of - maturity at harvest are important factors on which the storage life depends.

Transportation:= Road transport by trucks is

the most popular mode of transport due to easy approach from orchards to the market. MARKETING:= Marketing of the produce is mainly controlled by intermediaries like wholesalers and commission agents. Because of its good storage quality, it can be transported to distant places for marketing. It does not need any packing or wrapping before sending to markets.

TECHNOLOGY SOURCES:=
Central Institute for Sub-tropical Horticulture, P.O. Kakori, Lucknow-226002, Uttar Pradesh, Tel (0522)-2841022/1023. Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessarghatta, Bangalore-560089, Karnataka, Tel (080)-28466471/6353. . Birsa agricultural university,Kanke,Ranchi-834006.

Economics of Cultivation:= COST OF PROJECT

Sl. No. Component Cultivation Expenses (i) Cost of planting material ii) Manures & fertilizers iii) Insecticides & pesticides (iv) Cost of Labour (v) Others, if any, (Power) Subtotal Irrigation i) Tube-well/submersible pump ii) Cost of Pipeline (iii) Others, if any, please specify Subtotal Cost of Drip/Sprinkler Infrastructure i) Store & pump house ii) Labour room 15,000 5,000 45,000 45,000 25,000 2,000 5,000 2,000 8,400 3,600 21,000 Proposed Expenditure(in thousand)

1.

2.

3. 4.

iii) Agriculture Equipments Subtotal Land Development i) Soil Leveling (ii) Fencing Subtotal Land, if newly purchased (Please indicate the year)* Grand Total

5,400 25,400 5,400 29,600 33,600 1,50,000

5.

6.

*Cost of newly purchased land will be limited to one-tenth of the total project cost

The major components of the model are:

Land Development: (Rs.4.0 thousand): This is the labour cost of shaping and dressing the land site and developing a layout. Fencing (Rs.29.60 thousand): It is necessary to guard the orchard by barbed wire fencing to safeguard the valuable produce from poaching. Irrigation Infra-structure (Rs.45 thousand): For effective working with drip irrigation system, it is necessary to install a bore well with diesel/electric pumpset and motor. This is part cost of tube-well. Drip Irrigation & Fertigation System (Rs.25.0 thousand): This is average cost of one acre drip system for mango inclusive of the cost of fertigation equipment. The actual cost will vary depending on location, plant population and plot geometry. Equipment/Implements (Rs.5.4 thousand): For investment on improved manually operated essential implements a provision of another Rs.10 thousand is included. Building and Storage (Rs.20.0 thousand): A one acre orchard would require minimally a labour shed and a store-cum pump house.

Cultivation (Rs.21.0 thousand): This is to cover costs of land preparation and planting operations, planting material, inputs and power. Labour cost has been put at an average of Rs.70 per manday. The actual cost will vary from location to location depending upon minimum wage levels or prevailing wage levels for skilled and unskilled labour.

Returns from the Project: In the development stage returns

from inter-cropping are estimated at Rs.25,000 annually. The yield from the plantation is estimated at 5 tonnes in the first year of bearing rising to 7 tonnes. The produce has been valued at Rs. 10,000 per tonne in this exercise.

Project Financing:
Balance Sheet: The projected balance sheet of the model is
given at AnnexureIII .There would be three sources of financing the project as below: Source
Farmrs share Capital subsidy Term loan Total

Rs. Thousand
75.00 30.00 45.00 150.00

Profit & Loss Account: The cash flow statement may be seen
in Annexure IV. Annexure V. projects the profit and loss account of the model. Gross profit increases from Rs.25.5 thousand per annum to Rs.43.3 thousand per annum in the first three years of bearing and thereafter more or less stabilize.

Annexure-I
ESTIMATED PROJECT COST
(Rs. in thousand)
Sr. No. Particulars LAND & SITE DEVELOPMENT LAND Cost of Development Land Development Levelling & Dressing Fencing & Gates BUILDING Store / Pump House Labour Shed PLANT & MACHINERY Irrigation system Borewell SIP sets & Electrical Installation Drip Irrigation inc. Fertigation system Farm Equipment Machinery COST OF CULTIVATION Land Preparation / Planting Planting Material Input Cost Power Cost Other Farm Operations Sub Total Total 4.20 2.00 7.00 3.60 7.20 21.00 150.00 Nos. LS LS LS 25000 20000 25000 5400 Sub Total 1 1 1 1 25.00 20.00 25.00 5.40 75.40 Sq Ft. Sq Ft. 150 100 Sub Total 100 50 15.00 5.00 20.00 Acre Per Rft. 4,000 35 Sub Total 1 846 4.00 29.60 33.60 Acre Scale Unit Cost Total Qty Cost 1

1.

2.

3.

4.

Annexure-II
COST OF PRODUCTION & PROFITABILITY
(Rs. in thousand)

Particulars
Income Sales Cost Fixed Manure/fertilizers/chemicals Direct Labour cost Other cost

Year-I
50.00 50.00 24.50 24.50 10.00 4.20 3.60

Year-II
60.00 60.00 25.60 25.60 10.00 4.20 3.60 7.30 0.50 34.40 6.80 5.40 22.20 22.20 22.20 29.00

Year-III Year-IV
70.00 70.00 26.70 26.70 10.00 4.20 3.60 8.40 0.50 43.30 6.80 5.20 31.30 31.30 31.30 38.10 70.00 70.00 26.70 26.70 10.00 4.20 3.60 8.40 0.50 43.30 6.80 4.20 32.30 32.30 32.30 39.10

Year-V to XV
70.00 70.00 26.70 26.70 10.00 4.20 3.60 8.40 0.50 43.30 6.80 3.20 33.30 33.30 33.30 40.10

Harvesting & transportation 6.20 cost General expenses 0.50 Gross profit Depreciation Interest -term loan Pre-operative Exp. W/O Profit before tax Taxes Profit After Taxes Retained Profit Net cash Accrual 25.50 6.80 5.40 13.30 13.30 13.30 20.10

Annexure-III
PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET
(Rs. in thousands)
Particulars LIABILITIES Farmer's Share Capital Subsidy Reserves & Surpluses Term Loan Total ASSETS Fixed Assets Less Depreciation Net Block Cash & Bank Balance Total Year 0 Year I Year II Year III Year IV

75.00 30.00 45.00 150.00

75.00 30.00 13.30 45.00 163.30

75.00 30.00 35.50 36.80 177.30

75.00 30.00 66.80 28.60 200.40

75.00 30.00 99.10 20.50 224.50

150.00 150.00

150.00

150.00 6.80 120.1043.20 20.10 163.30

143.20 6.80 136.40 40.90 177.30

136.40 6.80 129.60 70.90 200.40

129.60 6.80 122.70 101.80 224.50

Annexure-IV
CASH FLOW STATEMENT
(Rs. in thousand)
PARTICULARS SOURCES OF FUNDS Increase in Farmer's Share Net Profit Increase in Subsidy Depreciation Increase in Term Loan Total DEPLOYMENT Increase in Fixed Assets Decrease in Term Loan Total Opening Balance Surplus/Deficit Closing Balance Year 0 75.00 30.00 45.00 150.00 150.00 150.00 Year I 13.28 6.82 20.10 20.10 20.10 Year II 22.18 6.82 29.00 8.18 8.19 20.10 20.81 40.90 Year III 31.32 6.82 38.15 8.18 8.19 40.90 29.95 70.85 Year IV 32.31 6.82 39.13 8.18 8.19 70.85 30.94 101.79

Annexure-V

PROJECTED PROFIT AND LOSS ACCOUNT

(Rs. in thousands) Particulars
Sales Realisation Total Costs Gross Profit Depreciation Pre-Operative Expenses W/O Interest on Term Loan Profit before Tax Taxes Profit after Tax Retained Profit Net Cash Accruals

Year I
50.00 24.50 25.50 6.80 5.40 13.30 13.30 13.30 20.10

Year II
60.00 25.60 34.40 6.80 5.40 22.20 22.20 22.20 29.00

Year III
70.00 26.70 43.30 6.80 5.20 31.30 31.30 31.30 38.10

Year IV
70.00 26.70 43.30 6.80 4.20 32.30 32.30 32.30 39.10

Year V
70.00 26.70 43.30 6.80 3.20 33.30 33.30 33.30 40.10

PROFIT & LOSS ACCOUNT Opening Balance Closing Balance 0.00 13.30 13.30 35.50 35.50 66.80 66.80 99.10 99.10 132.40