A transformer is a device that transfers electrical energy from one circuit to a nother through inductively coupled electrical conductors.

Transformers are some of the most efficient electrical 'machines', with some large units able to trans fer 99.75% of their input power to their output. The power in transformer may al ready have been split into single phase and three phases. When energy is transfo rmed in to a higher voltage the transformer is called a step up transformer. Whe n energy is transformed in to a lower voltage the transformer is called a step d own transformer. Transformer is usually Star connected with the standard mains v oltage .By transforming electrical power to a high-voltage form transformers ena ble economic transmission of power over long distances Power Transformer Tap Changer There are special device call Tap Changer which are use to change the winding of transformer in high voltage side. Configuration of Tap changer is given in Figu re 2.6. A transformer tap is a connection point along a transformer winding that allows the number of turns to be selected. Selection of the tap in use is made via a tap changer mechanism. By using Tap Changer device 11kv voltage can be con trolled. There are different Tap positions according to different voltage levels .

Transformer Breather Transformer Breather The breather is provided at the entrance of the conservator of oil immersed equi pment such as Transformers and reactors. Breather removes the moisture and dust in the air inhaled and prevents the deterioration of the Transformer oil due to moisture absorption. The breather uses silica - gel as the desiccating Agent and is provided with an oil pot at the bottom to filtrate the inhaled air. When the breather turns to pink color have to replace silica gel and put new one. Conservator Tank Tank which is use to connected outside of the transformer. It is a small drum mo unted over the top of the main tank. It is connected through a pipe to the trans former tank containing oil. The function of the conservator is to take up the ex pansion and construction of the oil with changes of temperature in service, with out allowing the oil to come in contact with the air, for which it is liable to take up moisture. Buchholz relayIt is a safety device, which trips off the transformer circuit in case of short cir cuit or an excessive heat in the cores and oil etc. it is connected in between t he transformer tank .When oil is decomposed due to an internal fault, gases are produced; oil vapor is produced at high or short circuit among windings, the Buc hholz relay is operated The core legs and yokes are braced by means of fiber glass epoxy bands. The top and bottom yokes braced with suitable steel beams. Later designs constructed the core by stacking layers of thin steel laminations, a principle that has remaine d in use. Each lamination is insulated from its neighbors by a thin non-conducti ng layer of insulation. The effect of laminations is to confine eddy currents to highly elliptical paths that enclose little flux, and so reduce their magnitude

. Windings The conducting material used for the windings depends upon the application, b ut in all cases the individual turns must be electrically insulated from each ot her to ensure that the current travels throughout every turn large power transfo rmers use multiple-stranded conductors as well. Transformer windings are wound r ectangular, cable, paper insulated, copper wires. Suitable mechanical strength o f the winding is provided by firm pricing by means of suitable plates, located i n the top yoke bars. Transformer Bussing Transformer bushing is the input and output part of the transformers. Output sid e of bushing is covered with porcelain insulation corner. These bushing can be d ividing in to two parts. 1) HT Bushings Normally input side of the transformer windings are known as HT bushing. Those bushing are periodically checked and clean the bushing remove the dust on porcelain part may reduce creeping part. 2) LT Bushings Normally output side of the transformer endings are known as LT Bussing.