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This sample business plan has been made available to users of Business Plan Pro, business planning software published by Palo Alto Software. Names, locations and numbers may have been changed, and substantial portions of text may have been omitted from the original plan to preserve confidentiality and proprietary information. You are welcome to use this plan as a starting point to create your own, but you do not have permission to reproduce, publish, distribute or even copy this plan as it exists here. Requests for reprints, academic use, and other dissemination of this sample plan should be emailed to the marketing department of Palo Alto Software at marketing@paloalto.com. For product information visit our Website: www.paloalto.com or call: 1-800-229-7526. Copyright Palo Alto Software, Inc., 1995-2003 All Rights Reserved
Confidentiality Agreement
The undersigned reader acknowledges that the information provided by _________________________ in this business plan is confidential; therefore, reader agrees not to disclose it without the express written permission of _________________________. It is acknowledged by reader that information to be furnished in this business plan is in all respects confidential in nature, other than information which is in the public domain through other means and that any disclosure or use of same by reader, may cause serious harm or damage to _________________________. Upon request, this document is to be immediately returned to _________________________. ___________________ Signature ___________________ Name (typed or printed) ___________________ Date This is a business plan. It does not imply an offering of securities.
Table of Contents
1.0 Executive Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1 Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2 Mission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3 Keys to Success . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 2 2
2.0
Company Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2.1 Company Ownership . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2.2 Company History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Market Analysis Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 Market Segmentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 Target Market Segment Strategy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3 Industry Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3.1 Competition and Buying Patterns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Strategy and Implementation Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1 Competitive Edge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2 Marketing Strategy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3 Sales Strategy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3.1 Sales Forecast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.4 Milestones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 5 5 6 7 8 8 9 9 9 10 11
3.0 4.0
5.0
6.0 7.0
Management Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 6.1 Personnel Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Financial Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.1 Important Assumptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.2 Break-even Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3 Projected Profit and Loss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.4 Projected Cash Flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.5 Projected Balance Sheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.6 Business Ratios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 14 14 15 18 19 20
Botanical Bounty
1.0 Executive Summary
Botanical Bounty is an existing farm dedicated to the production of botanical perennials. Botanical Bounty has been formed as an Oregon-based Limited Liability Corp. (L.L.C.) located outside of Albany, Oregon. Botanical Bounty is working hard to become a leading producer of botanical plants for the natural supplement industry as well as plant nurseries. By leveraging a well thought out business plan executed by a skilled management team, Botanical Bounty will generate over $216,000 in year three sales. Keys to Success Botanical Bounty has identified three keys that will be instrumental in their success. The first is the implementation of strict financial controls. By having the proper controls, production efficiency will be maximized. The second key will be the never ending pursuit for the industry's highest concentration levels of botanical ingredients in each plant. The third key is the recognition and implementation of the philosophy that 100% customer satisfaction is required to ensure a profitable business. Profits are a by product of satisfying customers, not the other way around. Products Botanical Bounty is a 10 acre farm that concentrates on the growing of botanical medicinals. Botanical Bounty has chosen five plant species that have significant market demand as well being well suited for growth in the Willamette River Valley. Botanical Bounty will feature: Echinaceaan immune system booster; Ginsenga source of energy; St John's Wortfor mild depression; Skullcap- for inflammation; and Gingera stomach soother. Market Botanical Bounty has three distinct customers: supplement companies, processors of botanicals for supplement companies, and nurseries that resell the plants. The first two customers purchase the plants for use in their products which they ultimately sell to the end consumer. The market for natural supplements is quite exciting. Surveys show that over 158 million consumers (over 55% of U.S. population) use dietary supplements. An estimated 115.3 million consumers buy vitamins and minerals for themselves, and 55.8 million purchase them for other members of their family, including children. Consumer surveys consistently find that nearly half of all Americans now use herbsa statistic that is particularly remarkable when we realize that today's herbal products industry is just over a quarter century old. Management Team Botanical Bounty will be lead by the husband and wife team of David and Sue Nealon. David brings a wealth of business and project management skills to the company. While working at Yahoo!, David was responsible for the successful launch and market lead capture of Yahoo!s driving directions section. Utilizing these skills, David will be responsible for the business operations of the farm. Sue, with a background of plant biology will be the driving force of the operation, growing the highest active ingredient content plants in the country. Additionally, because of her wealth of knowledge, she will be the leader of the sales department. Botanical Bounty began as a hobby for David and Sue two years ago. Over the last two years they have worked out all of the bugs related to production. Additionally, they are now quite hungry to succeed, creating one of the premier botanical perennial farms in the country. Sales forecasts conservatively indicate that $190,000 of year two revenue will be generated, rising to $216,000 the following year. Botanical Bounty will achieve a net profit percentage of 3.23% in year two, increasing to 9.78% in year three.
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Botanical Bounty
Highlights
$250,000 $200,000 $150,000 $100,000 $50,000 $0 ($50,000) ($100,000) 2003 2004 2005
1.1 Objectives
The Botanical Bounty has identified several objectives for the business: 1. 2. 3. Become a leading supplier of botanical perennials for the health/vitamin industry. Reach the point of sustainable profitability. Enjoy work while making a good living.
1.2 Mission
It is Botanical Bounty's mission to become the leading provider of botanical perennials to the health/vitamin industry. This will be accomplished by providing quality plants at fair prices while exceeding customer's expectations.
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Botanical Bounty
2.0 Company Summary
Botanical Bounty is an Oregon based perennial farm that grows a variety of botanical medicinal perennials. The company has been formed as an Oregon L.L.C. The farm has been in existence for two years now, initially operating as a hobby as rather than a profit producing business.
Past Performance
$50,000 $45,000 $40,000 $35,000 $30,000 $25,000 $20,000 $15,000 $10,000 $5,000 $0 2000 2001 2002
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Botanical Bounty
Table: Past Performance Past Performance Sales Gross Margin Gross Margin % Operating Expenses Collection Period (days) Inventory Turnover Balance Sheet Current Assets Cash Accounts Receivable Inventory Other Current Assets Total Current Assets Long-term Assets Capital Assets Accumulated Depreciation Total Long-term Assets Total Assets Capital and Liabilities Accounts Payable Current Borrowing Other Current Liabilities Subtotal Current Liabilities Long-term Liabilities Total Liabilities Paid-in Capital Retained Earnings Earnings Total Capital Total Capital and Liabilities Other Inputs Payment Days Sales on Credit Receivables Turnover 2000 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 2000 0 $0 0.00 2001 $12,000 $0 $0 $12,000 $0 $12,000 $0 $81,500 $0 $81,500 $93,500 2001 0 $0 0.00 2002 $13,090 $0 $0 $13,090 $0 $13,090 $0 $67,510 $0 $67,510 $80,600 2002 0 $0 0.00 2000 $0 $0 0.00% $0 0 0.00 2000 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 2001 $45,000 $36,000 80.00% $75,000 0 5.14 2001 $50,000 $9,000 $3,500 $3,000 $65,500 $35,000 $7,000 $28,000 $93,500 2002 $46,500 $36,590 78.69% $74,000 0 2.18 2002 $35,000 $8,000 $5,600 $4,000 $52,600 $35,000 $7,000 $28,000 $80,600
3.0 Products
Botanical Bounty offers a range of botanical perennials (plants where the root structure remains, allowing the plant to regrow every year). Botanical perennials were chosen for two main reasons. The first is the medicinal value that they offer, therefore the plants have a positive contribution to society by improving people's health. The second reason is that the market for medicinal herbs is a very strong industry with excellent growth, ensuring demand for their plants. Botanical Bounty will offer the following excellent: Echinacea Echinacea was used extensively by Native Americans and the early settlers also adopted its use. It has been used for years in alternative medicine to support the immune system, and to purify the blood, especially during season changes and during the cold and flu season. Scientific studies have confirmed the presence of natural chemicals, echinacosides, which increase white blood cell activity. Ginseng Ginseng stimulates and increases endocrine activity in the body. Promotes a mild increase in metabolic activity and relaxes heart and artery movements. Stimulates the medulla centers and relaxes the central nervous system. Page 4
Botanical Bounty
St. John's Wort St. John's Wort has been used as a medicinal for thousands of years, but has only recently been studied for its medicinal value. Now proven to have many highly active compounds including rutin, pectin, choline, sitosterol, hypericin and pseudohypericin. The flowers and leaves are medicinal as analgesic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, aromatic, astringent, cholagogue, digestive, diuretic, expectorant, nervine, resolvent, stimulant, vermifuge and vulnerary. Some compounds of the plant have been shown to have potent anti-retroviral activity without serious side effects and they are being researched in the treatment of AIDS. Skullcap Skullcap is a powerful medicinal herb, it is used in alternative medicine as an antiinflammatory, abortifacient, antispasmodic, slightly astringent, emmenagogue, febrifuge, nervine, sedative and strongly tonic. Some valuable constituents found in the plant are scutellarin, catalpol, other volatile oils, bitter iridoids and tannins. Scientific studies are proving this to be a valuable plant in many areas for mental disorders. Skullcap is used in the treatment of a wide range of nervous conditions including epilepsy, insomnia, hysteria, anxiety, delirium tremens, withdrawal from barbiturates and tranquilizers. Ginger Ginger roots and dried herb are medicinal and edible, it has a spicy, hot, crispy, taste and can be eaten fresh in small quantities in salads, used as a relish, a condiment, or made into a sauce for meat, especially good on chicken, or used to make ginger candy. Widely used as an alternative medicine ginger contains the valuable constituent aristolochic acid, scientific study shows it to have anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antitumor activity, cures warts in some cases and is a broad-spectrum antibacterial and antifungal. Botanical Bounty sells these excellent perennials in plant form for the botanicals to be extracted by their customers. Botanical Bounty concentrates on producing the healthiest plants which have the highest concentration of active botanicals.
Botanical Bounty
sell the final product to other companies for their private label products. In essence they are the subcontractor for the supplement companies. These companies therefore are one layer within the manufacturing system and do not sell to the end consumer. They act as a supplier/processor for the retail brands. Other Nurseries/Garden Centers This customer group purchases the plants which they in turn sell at retail to the individual end consumer. The typical consumer is a health conscious individual who is interested in either extracting the botanical from the plant immediately or growing the plant in their own garden for future use.
Table: Market Analysis Market Analysis Potential Customers Supplement Companies Processors Nurseries/Garden Centers Total Growth 5% 4% 5% 4.58% 2003 21 9 123 153 2004 22 9 129 160 2005 23 9 135 167 2006 24 9 142 175 2007 25 9 149 183 CAGR 4.46% 0.00% 4.91% 4.58%
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Botanical Bounty
4.3 Industry Analysis
The botanical perennial growing market is typically concentrated in several regions around the U.S. which have optimum growing conditions. While there are a couple mega farms, on the whole, 78% of the U.S. production comes from growers with 5-20 acres of land. Approximately 23% of botanical extracts are grown abroad and imported into the United States. Reasons for botanical growth to occur overseas is typically based on the type of herb and its ability to grow better in the respective region. The market for supplements is huge and growing: U.S. Supplement Market Surveys show that over 158 million consumers (over 55% of the U.S. population) use dietary supplements. An estimated 115.3 million consumers buy vitamins and minerals for themselves, and 55.8 million purchase them for other members of their family, including children. Consumer surveys consistently find that nearly half of all Americans now use herbsa statistic that is particularly remarkable when we realize that today's herbal products industry is just over a quarter century old. The basic reason cited for dietary supplement growth is the desire for self-care. Consumers use dietary supplement products to help them achieve their self-care goals that arise out of a sense of alienation from the established health care system. Results from a national survey conducted in 1999 by Men's Health magazine show that consumers use dietary supplements as a means of ensuring good health. They also use supplements for very specific medicinal purposes such as treating and preventing serious illnesses, colds, and the flu; increasing mental sharpness; and alleviating depression. The consumer's desire for self-care and the widespread use of dietary supplements may cause problems for public health. An estimated 22.8 million consumers use herbal remedies instead of prescription medicine, and an estimated 19.6 million use them with a prescription product. In the past, except for vitamin and mineral products, dietary supplements, particularly botanical products, were sold mainly to adults in health food stores. In contrast, now such products are available in supermarkets, other retail stores, and on the Internet, making these products readily accessible to children and other vulnerable populations. The Nutrition Business Journal estimated that in 1999, U.S. consumer sales of supplements over the Internet amounted to $142 million, almost three times the previous year's total of $48 million. The five main channels of distribution are: consumer-direct (includes direct mail/catalog, direct from sales representatives, multi-level marketing, Internet & infomercial/direct from television); food, drug, mass-market stores, health and natural food stores, healthcare professionals and practitioners, others. Channel of Distribution % of $ Sales
Consumer-direct Food, drug, mass-market stores Health & natural food stores Healthcare professionals / practitioners Other 42% 30% 20% 4% 4%
The 10 largest companies in the botanical and dietary supplement market account for 83% of the total U.S. annual market.
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Botanical Bounty
Company 2001 Sales
General Nutrition Companies Nu Skin Enterprises Herbalife International Perrigo NBTY Rexall Sundown Weider Nutrition International Twinlab Natures Sunshine Chattem $1.4 billion* $921.60 $899.70 $877.60 $610.10 $590.20 $335.50 $321.00 $287.40 $272.80
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Botanical Bounty
5.1 Competitive Edge
Botanical Bounty has a dual competitive edge: Healthy Plants The healthier the plant, the faster it will grow, the more botanicals that can be extracted from it. This means an increase in production efficiency due to a larger percentage of plants that are sellable. Other characteristics of healthy plants which are important on the production side is: lower pest counts, more established root structures, and high biomass. High Concentration of Active Botanicals This is beneficial to the purchaser because they are buying the plants precisely for the active botanicals. High concentration levels are valuable to Botanical Bounty because they increase the amount of botanicals produced per plant or per acre, increasing the production capacity of a given amount of land, thereby increasing their return on investment and increasing the attractiveness of Botanical Bounty's plants relative to the competition.
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Botanical Bounty
5.3.1 Sales Forecast
The sales forecast indicates that growth will be slow but steady. Growth will be slow because of the time and effort needed to develop the customers. Production is not the slowing element as Botanical Bounty has been in production for a couple of years. Granted they were not producing at the same level, or for that matter with the same goal of business efficiency, but nonetheless they will be able to reasonably raise production to meet the sales needs. During the wet months of the year, the forecast reflects a tapering of sales as production will fall during these months. There will however be some sales and production which will be moved inside to the greenhouses. There are a few risks that could have a negative impact on sales. The first is weather. Plants are dependant on the weather. A poor growing season will have a serious effect on production. This risk is spread amongst all of the producers of the specific region meaning the weather risk is imposed on everyone, generally not a specific farmer. Another risk that could effect sales is some sort of pest that could unexpectedly negatively effect the crops. By planting multiple botanicals and choosing them based on their heartiness relative to the growing climate, Botanical Bounty is able to minimize these risks as much as possible.
Table: Sales Forecast Sales Forecast Sales Supplement Companies Processors Nurseries Total Sales Direct Cost of Sales Supplement companies Processors Nurseries Subtotal Direct Cost of Sales 2003 $41,385 $35,591 $7,863 $84,839 2003 $3,104 $2,669 $590 $6,363 2004 $93,090 $80,057 $17,687 $190,835 2004 $6,982 $6,004 $1,327 $14,313 2005 $105,665 $90,872 $20,076 $216,613 2005 $7,925 $6,815 $1,506 $16,246
Sales Monthly
$14,000 $12,000 $10,000 $8,000 $6,000 $4,000 $2,000 $0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
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Botanical Bounty
Sales by Year
5.4 Milestones
The value of Botanical Bounty's milestones is in creating a set of measurable activities that will be achievable goals. The achievement of the milestones will be closely monitored and the assigned person will be held accountable for hitting the milestones.
Table: Milestones Milestones Milestone Business plan completion First large contract $100K in revenue Profitability Totals Start Date 1/1/03 1/1/03 1/1/03 1/1/03 End Date 2/1/03 4/30/03 4/4/04 7/30/04 $0 Budget Manager David Sue Sue David Department Strategic planning Sales Sales Operations
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Botanical Bounty
Milestones
$100K in revenue
Profitability
2003
2004
Botanical Bounty
Playing to their strengths Sue will manage the farming operations and sales, while David handles the business operations.
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Botanical Bounty
7.1 Important Assumptions
The following table details important Financial Assumptions.
Table: General Assumptions General Assumptions Plan Month Current Interest Rate Long-term Interest Rate Tax Rate Sales on Credit % Other Calculated Totals Payroll Expense Sales on Credit New Accounts Payable 2003 1 10.00% 10.00% 30.00% 75.00% 0.00% $87,000 $63,629 $75,213 2004 2 10.00% 10.00% 30.00% 75.00% 0.00% $92,000 $143,126 $87,690 2005 3 10.00% 10.00% 30.00% 75.00% 0.00% $97,000 $162,460 $97,202
Break-even Analysis
$15,000 $10,000 $5,000 $0 ($5,000) ($10,000) ($15,000) $0 $5,000 $10,000 $15,000 $20,000 $25,000
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Botanical Bounty
7.3 Projected Profit and Loss
The following table and charts show the Projected Profit and Loss.
Table: Profit and Loss Pro Forma Profit and Loss Sales Direct Costs of Goods Production Payroll Other Costs of Goods Cost of Goods Sold Gross Margin Gross Margin % Expenses: Payroll Sales and Marketing and Other Expenses Depreciation Mortgage Utilities Insurance Payroll Taxes Other Total Operating Expenses Profit Before Interest and Taxes Interest Expense Taxes Incurred Net Profit Net Profit/Sales Include Negative Taxes 2003 $84,839 $6,363 $0 $0 -----------$6,363 $78,476 92.50% $87,000 $10,000 $6,996 $24,000 $7,000 $2,400 $13,050 $2,400 -----------$152,846 ($74,370) $10,000 $0 ($84,370) -99.45% FALSE 2004 $190,835 $14,313 $0 $0 -----------$14,313 $176,522 92.50% $92,000 $12,000 $6,996 $24,000 $7,000 $2,400 $13,800 $2,400 -----------$160,596 $15,926 $10,000 $1,778 $4,148 2.17% TRUE 2005 $216,613 $16,246 $0 $0 -----------$16,246 $200,367 92.50% $97,000 $14,000 $6,996 $24,000 $7,000 $2,400 $14,550 $2,400 -----------$168,346 $32,021 $10,000 $6,606 $15,415 7.12% TRUE
Profit Monthly
$0 ($2,000) ($4,000) ($6,000) ($8,000) ($10,000) ($12,000) ($14,000) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
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Botanical Bounty
Profit Yearly
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Botanical Bounty
$250,000
$200,000
$150,000
$100,000
$50,000
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Botanical Bounty
7.4 Projected Cash Flow
The following table and chart display the Projected Cash Flow.
Table: Cash Flow Pro Forma Cash Flow Cash Received Cash from Operations: Cash Sales Cash from Receivables Subtotal Cash from Operations Additional Cash Received Non Operating (Other) Income Sales Tax, VAT, HST/GST Received New Current Borrowing New Other Liabilities (interest-free) New Long-term Liabilities Sales of Other Current Assets Sales of Long-term Assets New Investment Received Subtotal Cash Received Expenditures Expenditures from Operations: Cash Spending Payment of Accounts Payable Subtotal Spent on Operations Additional Cash Spent Non Operating (Other) Expense Sales Tax, VAT, HST/GST Paid Out Principal Repayment of Current Borrowing Other Liabilities Principal Repayment Long-term Liabilities Principal Repayment Purchase Other Current Assets Purchase Long-term Assets Dividends Subtotal Cash Spent Net Cash Flow Cash Balance 2003 2004 2005
$21,210 $58,307 $79,517 $0 $0 $100,000 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $179,517 2003 $87,000 $82,742 $169,742 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $35,000 $0 $204,742 ($25,225) $9,775
$47,709 $126,481 $174,190 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $174,190 2004 $92,000 $80,742 $172,742 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $172,742 $1,447 $11,222
$54,153 $158,412 $212,565 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $212,565 2005 $97,000 $95,513 $192,513 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $192,513 $20,053 $31,275
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Botanical Bounty
Cash
$100,000 $80,000 $60,000 $40,000 $20,000 $0 ($20,000) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
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Botanical Bounty
7.6 Business Ratios
Business ratios for Botanical Bounty. SIC industry class: Herb or spice farm, code 0139.9905.
Table: Ratios Ratio Analysis Sales Growth Percent of Total Assets Accounts Receivable Inventory Other Current Assets Total Current Assets Long-term Assets Total Assets Current Liabilities Long-term Liabilities Total Liabilities Net Worth Percent of Sales Sales Gross Margin Selling, General & Administrative Expenses Advertising Expenses Profit Before Interest and Taxes Main Ratios Current Quick Total Debt to Total Assets Pre-tax Return on Net Worth Pre-tax Return on Assets Business Vitality Profile Sales per Employee Survival Rate Additional Ratios Net Profit Margin Return on Equity Activity Ratios Accounts Receivable Turnover Collection Days Inventory Turnover Accounts Payable Turnover Payment Days Total Asset Turnover Debt Ratios Debt to Net Worth Current Liab. to Liab. Liquidity Ratios Net Working Capital Interest Coverage Additional Ratios Assets to Sales Current Debt/Total Assets Acid Test Sales/Net Worth Dividend Payout 2003 82.45% 16.03% 0.43% 4.81% 32.61% 67.39% 100.00% 127.03% 0.00% 127.03% -27.03% 100.00% 92.50% 191.95% 0.00% -87.66% 0.26 0.25 127.03% 375.65% -101.53% 2003 $21,210 2003 -99.45% 0.00% 4.78 60 0.00 13.52 33 1.02 0.00 1.00 ($78,464) -7.44 0.98 127% 0.13 0.00 0.00 2004 124.94% 31.81% 0.85% 4.25% 47.97% 52.03% 100.00% 119.44% 0.00% 119.44% -19.44% 100.00% 92.50% 90.33% 0.00% 8.35% 0.40 0.39 119.44% -32.36% 6.29% 2004 $31,806 2004 2.17% 0.00% 4.78 55 0.00 7.01 38 2.03 0.00 1.00 ($67,320) 1.59 0.49 119% 0.13 0.00 0.00 2005 13.51% 30.56% 0.82% 3.59% 62.25% 37.75% 100.00% 102.60% 0.00% 102.60% -2.60% 100.00% 92.50% 85.38% 0.00% 14.78% 0.61 0.60 102.60% -760.23% 19.79% 2005 $36,102 2005 7.12% 0.00% 4.78 72 0.00 6.85 50 1.95 0.00 1.00 ($44,909) 3.20 0.51 103% 0.30 0.00 0.00 Industry Profile 10.17% 7.31% 10.20% 27.46% 44.97% 55.03% 100.00% 24.14% 28.08% 52.22% 47.78% 100.00% 47.84% 33.12% 0.26% 0.82% 1.16 0.55 0.86% 61.86% 2.24% Industry $0 0.00% n.a n.a n.a n.a n.a n.a n.a n.a n.a n.a n.a n.a n.a n.a n.a n.a n.a
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Appendix
Appendix Table: Sales Forecast Sales Forecast Sales Supplement Companies Processors Nurseries Total Sales Direct Cost of Sales Supplement companies Processors Nurseries Subtotal Direct Cost of Sales Jan $300 $258 $57 $615 Jan $23 $19 $4 $46 Feb $432 $372 $82 $886 Feb $32 $28 $6 $66 Mar $565 $486 $107 $1,158 Mar $42 $36 $8 $87 Apr $2,002 $1,722 $380 $4,104 Apr $150 $129 $29 $308 May $3,222 $2,771 $612 $6,605 May $242 $208 $46 $495 Jun $4,323 $3,718 $821 $8,862 Jun $324 $279 $62 $665 Jul $4,655 $4,003 $884 $9,543 Jul $349 $300 $66 $716 Aug $5,232 $4,500 $994 $10,726 Aug $392 $337 $75 $804 Sep $5,989 $5,151 $1,138 $12,277 Sep $449 $386 $85 $921 Oct $6,000 $5,160 $1,140 $12,300 Oct $450 $387 $86 $923 Nov $5,232 $4,500 $994 $10,726 Nov $392 $337 $75 $804 Dec $3,433 $2,952 $652 $7,038 Dec $257 $221 $49 $528
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Appendix
Appendix Table: Personnel Personnel Plan David Sue Grower Laborers Total People Total Payroll Jan $1,500 $1,500 $2,000 $1,000 4 $6,000 Feb $1,500 $1,500 $2,000 $1,000 4 $6,000 Mar $1,500 $1,500 $2,000 $2,000 5 $7,000 Apr $1,500 $1,500 $2,000 $2,000 5 $7,000 May $1,500 $1,500 $2,000 $3,000 6 $8,000 Jun $1,500 $1,500 $2,000 $4,000 7 $9,000 Jul $1,500 $1,500 $2,000 $4,000 7 $9,000 Aug $1,500 $1,500 $2,000 $4,000 7 $9,000 Sep $1,500 $1,500 $2,000 $2,000 5 $7,000 Oct $1,500 $1,500 $2,000 $2,000 5 $7,000 Nov $1,500 $1,500 $2,000 $1,000 4 $6,000 Dec $1,500 $1,500 $2,000 $1,000 4 $6,000
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Appendix Table: General Assumptions General Assumptions Plan Month Current Interest Rate Long-term Interest Rate Tax Rate Sales on Credit % Other Calculated Totals Payroll Expense Sales on Credit New Accounts Payable Jan 1 10.00% 10.00% 30.00% 75.00% 0.00% $6,000 $461 $5,079 Feb 2 10.00% 10.00% 30.00% 75.00% 0.00% $6,000 $664 $7,700 Mar 3 10.00% 10.00% 30.00% 75.00% 0.00% $7,000 $869 $5,270 Apr 4 10.00% 10.00% 30.00% 75.00% 0.00% $7,000 $3,078 $5,591 May 5 10.00% 10.00% 30.00% 75.00% 0.00% $8,000 $4,954 $6,029 Jun 6 10.00% 10.00% 30.00% 75.00% 0.00% $9,000 $6,647 $6,348 Jul 7 10.00% 10.00% 30.00% 75.00% 0.00% $9,000 $7,157 $6,399 Aug 8 10.00% 10.00% 30.00% 75.00% 0.00% $9,000 $8,044 $9,088 Sep 9 10.00% 10.00% 30.00% 75.00% 0.00% $7,000 $9,208 $6,204 Oct 10 10.00% 10.00% 30.00% 75.00% 0.00% $7,000 $9,225 $6,106 Nov 11 10.00% 10.00% 30.00% 75.00% 0.00% $6,000 $8,044 $5,838 Dec 12 10.00% 10.00% 30.00% 75.00% 0.00% $6,000 $5,278 $5,561
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Appendix Table: Profit and Loss Pro Forma Profit and Loss Sales Direct Costs of Goods Production Payroll Other Costs of Goods Cost of Goods Sold Gross Margin Gross Margin % Expenses: Payroll Sales and Marketing and Other Expenses Depreciation Mortgage Utilities Insurance Payroll Taxes Other Total Operating Expenses Profit Before Interest and Taxes Interest Expense Taxes Incurred Net Profit Net Profit/Sales Include Negative Taxes Jan $615 $46 $0 $0 -----------$46 $569 92.50% $6,000 $400 $583 $2,000 $500 $200 $900 $200 -----------$10,783 ($10,214) $833 $0 ($11,047) -1796.33% Feb $886 $66 $0 $0 -----------$66 $819 92.50% $6,000 $3,000 $583 $2,000 $500 $200 $900 $200 -----------$13,383 ($12,564) $833 $0 ($13,397) -1512.78% Mar $1,158 $87 $0 $0 -----------$87 $1,071 92.50% $7,000 $400 $583 $2,000 $500 $200 $1,050 $200 -----------$11,933 ($10,862) $833 $0 ($11,695) -1009.71% Apr $4,104 $308 $0 $0 -----------$308 $3,796 92.50% $7,000 $400 $583 $2,000 $600 $200 $1,050 $200 -----------$12,033 ($8,237) $833 $0 ($9,070) -221.00% May $6,605 $495 $0 $0 -----------$495 $6,110 92.50% $8,000 $400 $583 $2,000 $700 $200 $1,200 $200 -----------$13,283 ($7,173) $833 $0 ($8,007) -121.22% Jun $8,862 $665 $0 $0 -----------$665 $8,197 92.50% $9,000 $400 $583 $2,000 $700 $200 $1,350 $200 -----------$14,433 ($6,236) $833 $0 ($7,069) -79.76% Jul $9,543 $716 $0 $0 -----------$716 $8,827 92.50% $9,000 $400 $583 $2,000 $700 $200 $1,350 $200 -----------$14,433 ($5,606) $833 $0 ($6,439) -67.48% Aug $10,726 $804 $0 $0 -----------$804 $9,921 92.50% $9,000 $3,000 $583 $2,000 $700 $200 $1,350 $200 -----------$17,033 ($7,112) $833 $0 ($7,945) -74.08% Sep $12,277 $921 $0 $0 -----------$921 $11,357 92.50% $7,000 $400 $583 $2,000 $600 $200 $1,050 $200 -----------$12,033 ($676) $833 $0 ($1,510) -12.30% Oct $12,300 $923 $0 $0 -----------$923 $11,378 92.50% $7,000 $400 $583 $2,000 $500 $200 $1,050 $200 -----------$11,933 ($556) $833 $0 ($1,389) -11.29% Nov $10,726 $804 $0 $0 -----------$804 $9,921 92.50% $6,000 $400 $583 $2,000 $500 $200 $900 $200 -----------$10,783 ($862) $833 $0 ($1,695) -15.80% Dec $7,038 $528 $0 $0 -----------$528 $6,510 92.50% $6,000 $400 $583 $2,000 $500 $200 $900 $200 -----------$10,783 ($4,273) $833 $0 ($5,107) -72.56%
15%
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Appendix Table: Cash Flow Pro Forma Cash Flow Cash Received Cash from Operations: Cash Sales Cash from Receivables Subtotal Cash from Operations Additional Cash Received Non Operating (Other) Income Sales Tax, VAT, HST/GST Received New Current Borrowing New Other Liabilities (interest-free) New Long-term Liabilities Sales of Other Current Assets Sales of Long-term Assets New Investment Received Subtotal Cash Received Expenditures Expenditures from Operations: Cash Spending Payment of Accounts Payable Subtotal Spent on Operations Additional Cash Spent Non Operating (Other) Expense Sales Tax, VAT, HST/GST Paid Out Principal Repayment of Current Borrowing Other Liabilities Principal Repayment Long-term Liabilities Principal Repayment Purchase Other Current Assets Purchase Long-term Assets Dividends Subtotal Cash Spent Net Cash Flow Cash Balance Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
$154 $4,000 $4,154 $0 $0 $100,000 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $104,154 Jan $6,000 $13,090 $19,090 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $35,000 $0 $54,090 $50,064 $85,064
$221 $4,000 $4,221 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $4,221 Feb $6,000 $5,079 $11,079 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $11,079 ($6,858) $78,206
$290 $461 $751 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $751 Mar $7,000 $7,700 $14,700 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $14,700 ($13,949) $64,257
$1,026 $664 $1,690 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $1,690 Apr $7,000 $5,270 $12,270 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $12,270 ($10,580) $53,677
$1,651 $869 $2,520 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $2,520 May $8,000 $5,591 $13,591 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $13,591 ($11,071) $42,606
$2,216 $3,078 $5,294 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $5,294 Jun $9,000 $6,029 $15,029 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $15,029 ($9,735) $32,870
$2,386 $4,954 $7,340 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $7,340 Jul $9,000 $6,348 $15,348 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $15,348 ($8,008) $24,862
$2,681 $6,647 $9,328 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $9,328 Aug $9,000 $6,399 $15,399 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $15,399 ($6,071) $18,791
$3,069 $7,157 $10,226 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $10,226 Sep $7,000 $9,088 $16,088 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $16,088 ($5,861) $12,930
$3,075 $8,044 $11,119 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $11,119 Oct $7,000 $6,204 $13,204 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $13,204 ($2,085) $10,845
$2,681 $9,208 $11,889 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $11,889 Nov $6,000 $6,106 $12,106 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $12,106 ($216) $10,628
$1,759 $9,225 $10,984 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $10,984 Dec $6,000 $5,838 $11,838 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $11,838 ($853) $9,775
0.00%
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Appendix Table: Balance Sheet Pro Forma Balance Sheet Assets Current Assets Cash Accounts Receivable Other Current Assets Total Current Assets Long-term Assets Long-term Assets Accumulated Depreciation Total Long-term Assets Total Assets Liabilities and Capital Accounts Payable Current Borrowing Other Current Liabilities Subtotal Current Liabilities Long-term Liabilities Total Liabilities Paid-in Capital Retained Earnings Earnings Total Capital Total Liabilities and Capital Net Worth $13,090 $0 $0 $13,090 $0 $13,090 $0 $61,910 $0 $61,910 $75,000 $61,910 Jan $5,079 $100,000 $0 $105,079 $0 $105,079 $0 $61,910 ($11,047) $50,863 $155,942 $50,863 Feb $7,700 $100,000 $0 $107,700 $0 $107,700 $0 $61,910 ($24,445) $37,465 $145,165 $37,465 Mar $5,270 $100,000 $0 $105,270 $0 $105,270 $0 $61,910 ($36,140) $25,770 $131,041 $25,770 Apr $5,591 $100,000 $0 $105,591 $0 $105,591 $0 $61,910 ($45,210) $16,700 $122,292 $16,700 May $6,029 $100,000 $0 $106,029 $0 $106,029 $0 $61,910 ($53,216) $8,694 $114,722 $8,694 Jun $6,348 $100,000 $0 $106,348 $0 $106,348 $0 $61,910 ($60,285) $1,625 $107,973 $1,625 Jul $6,399 $100,000 $0 $106,399 $0 $106,399 $0 $61,910 ($66,724) ($4,814) $101,585 ($4,814) Aug $9,088 $100,000 $0 $109,088 $0 $109,088 $0 $61,910 ($74,670) ($12,760) $96,328 ($12,760) Sep $6,204 $100,000 $0 $106,204 $0 $106,204 $0 $61,910 ($76,179) ($14,269) $91,935 ($14,269) Oct $6,106 $100,000 $0 $106,106 $0 $106,106 $0 $61,910 ($77,568) ($15,658) $90,448 ($15,658) Nov $5,838 $100,000 $0 $105,838 $0 $105,838 $0 $61,910 ($79,263) ($17,353) $88,485 ($17,353) Dec $5,561 $100,000 $0 $105,561 $0 $105,561 $0 $61,910 ($84,370) ($22,460) $83,101 ($22,460) Starting Balances $35,000 $8,000 $4,000 $47,000 $35,000 $7,000 $28,000 $75,000 Jan $85,064 $4,461 $4,000 $93,525 $70,000 $7,583 $62,417 $155,942 Feb $78,206 $1,125 $4,000 $83,331 $70,000 $8,166 $61,834 $145,165 Mar $64,257 $1,533 $4,000 $69,790 $70,000 $8,749 $61,251 $131,041 Apr $53,677 $3,947 $4,000 $61,624 $70,000 $9,332 $60,668 $122,292 May $42,606 $8,032 $4,000 $54,637 $70,000 $9,915 $60,085 $114,722 Jun $32,870 $11,600 $4,000 $48,471 $70,000 $10,498 $59,502 $107,973 Jul $24,862 $13,804 $4,000 $42,666 $70,000 $11,081 $58,919 $101,585 Aug $18,791 $15,201 $4,000 $37,992 $70,000 $11,664 $58,336 $96,328 Sep $12,930 $17,252 $4,000 $34,182 $70,000 $12,247 $57,753 $91,935 Oct $10,845 $18,433 $4,000 $33,278 $70,000 $12,830 $57,170 $90,448 Nov $10,628 $17,269 $4,000 $31,898 $70,000 $13,413 $56,587 $88,485 Dec $9,775 $13,322 $4,000 $27,097 $70,000 $13,996 $56,004 $83,101
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