Hand outs 1 RUBRICS AND MATH/SCIENCE INNOVATIONS

MINDANAO STATE UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL General Santos City

Rosemarie F. Delos Reyes SE 203 Current Trends in Science and Teaching in Education

MATH INNOVATIONS By: Kendall hunt Math Innovations is designed to engage students in gaining a richer and deeper understanding of mathematics. By developing mathematical habits of mind, and learning to think and act like mathematicians, Math Innovations students establish the strong foundation for reasoning and sense making needed to be successful in the 21st century. Focusing on Success Math Innovations is a focused curriculum, covering fewer topics in depth as recommended by the NCTM Curriculum Focal Points. Concepts build upon each other within and across grade levels, creating a coherent approach that leads to mastery. Creating a Deeper Understanding Math Innovations focus on reasoning and sense-making helps students develop the mathematical habits of mind necessary to think and act like mathematicians, resulting in a deeper and richer understanding of mathematics. Engaging All Students Mathematical ideas are presented in a real-world context to help students understand how math is related and relevant in their lives. Math Innovations recognizes students varied learning styles and levels and provides a variety of tools and approaches to help students and teachers.

Communicating Mathematically Mathematical communication is an integral part of Math Innovations. Discussion strategies such as Talk Moves, set a tone in the classroom for rich discourse. Written communication is interwoven throughout the Math Innovations curriculum. Digital Tools to Enhance Learning

Delos Reyes, Rosemarie F.

SE 203 CURRENT TRENDS AND ISSUES IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

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Math Innovations offers an array of technology options to enhance and supplement the text and to support and inform students, teachers, and parents. All digital resources are accessible through our new, easy-to-navigate, digital learning platform, Flourish. Three Grades - Five Units per Grade There are five units per each of the three grades (courses) comprising Math Innovations. This program design allows for customized alignment to state and district standards to match the sequence in which they are taught. RUBRICS In education jargon, the term scoring rubric means "a standard of performance for a defined population". The traditional meanings of the word Rubric stem from "a heading on a document (often written in red--from Latin, rubrica), or a direction for conducting church services". As shown in the 1977 introduction to the International Classification of Diseases-9, the term has long been used as medical labels for diseases and procedures. "Standardized Developmental Ratings" were first defined for writing assessment in the mid-1970 and used to train raters for New York State's Regents Exam in Writing by the late 1970s. The term "rubrics" were applied to such ratings by Grubb, 1981 in a book advocating holistic scoring rather than developmental rubrics. Developmental rubrics are intended to support student self-reflection and selfassessment as well as communication between an assessor and those being assessed. In this new sense, a scoring rubric is a set of criteria and standards typically linked to learning objectives. It is used to assess or communicate about product, performance, or process tasks. A scoring rubric is an attempt to communicate expectations of quality around a task. In many cases, scoring rubrics are used to delineate consistent criteria for grading. Because the criteria are public, a scoring rubric allows teachers and students alike to evaluate criteria, which can be complex and subjective. A scoring rubric can also provide a basis for self-evaluation, reflection, and peer review. It is aimed at accurate and fair assessment, fostering understanding, and indicating a way to proceed with subsequent learning/teaching. This integration of performance and feedback is called ongoing assessment or formative assessment. Several common features of scoring rubrics can be distinguished, according to Bernie Dodge and Nancy Pickett.

focus on measuring a stated objective (performance, behavior, or quality) use a range to rate performance contain specific performance characteristics arranged in levels indicating the degree to which a standard has been met.

Components of a scoring rubric Scoring rubrics include one or more dimensions on which performance is rated, definitions and examples that illustrate the attribute(s) being measured, and a rating scale for each dimension. Dimensions are generally referred to as criteria, the rating scale as levels, and definitions as descriptors. Herman, Backbencher, and Winters distinguish the following elements of a scoring rubric.

Delos Reyes, Rosemarie F.

SE 203 CURRENT TRENDS AND ISSUES IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Hand outs 3 RUBRICS AND MATH/SCIENCE INNOVATIONS

One or more traits or dimensions that serve as the basis for judging the student response

Definitions and examples to clarify the meaning of each trait or dimension A scale of values on which to rate each dimension Standards of excellence for specified performance levels accompanied by models or examples of each level

Since the 1980s, many scoring rubrics have been presented in a graphic format, typically as a grid. Studies of scoring rubric effectiveness now consider the efficiency of a grid over, say, a text-based list of criteria Steps to create a scoring rubric Scoring rubrics may help students become thoughtful evaluators of their own and others work and may reduce the amount of time teachers spend evaluating student work. Here is a seven-step method to creating and using a scoring rubric for writing assignments: 1. Have students look at models of good versus "not-so-good" work. A teacher could provide sample assignments of variable quality for students to review. 2. List the criteria to be used in the scoring rubric and allow for discussion of what counts as quality work. Asking for student feedback during the creation of the list also allows the teacher to assess the students overall writing experiences. 3. Articulate gradations of quality. These hierarchical categories should concisely describe the levels of quality (ranging from bad to good). They can be based on the discussion of the good versus not-so-good work samples. Using a conservative number of gradations keeps the scoring rubric user-friendly while allowing for fluctuations that exist within the average range ("Creating Rubrics"). 4. Practice on models. Students can test the scoring rubrics on sample assignments provided by the instructor. This practice can build students' confidence by teaching them how the instructor would use the scoring rubric on their papers. It can also aid student/teacher agreement on the reliability of the scoring rubric. 5. Ask for self and peer-assessment. 6. Revise the work on the basis of that feedback. As students are working on their assignment, they can be stopped occasionally to do a self-assessment and then give and receive evaluations from their peers. Revisions should be based on the feedback they receive. 7. Use teacher assessment, which means using the same scoring rubric the students used to assess their work. Etymology Root: Red, red ochre, red ink. Usage: Rubric refers to decorative text or instructions in medieval documents that were penned in red ink. In modern education circles, rubrics have recently (and misleadingly) come to refer to an assessment tool. The first usage of the term in this new sense is from the mid 1990s, but scholarly articles from that time do not explain why the term was co-opted. Perhaps rubrics are seen to act, in both cases, as metadata added to text to indicate what constitutes a successful use of that text. Technical

Delos Reyes, Rosemarie F.

SE 203 CURRENT TRENDS AND ISSUES IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Hand outs 4 RUBRICS AND MATH/SCIENCE INNOVATIONS

One problem with scoring rubrics is that each level of fulfillment encompasses a wide range of marks. For example, if two students both receive a 'level four' mark on the Ontario system, one might receive an 80% and the other 100%. In addition, a small change in scoring rubric evaluation caused by a small mistake may lead to an unnecessarily large change in numerical grade. Both of these problems may be alleviated by the use of finer gradations in scoring rubric evaluations. Scoring rubrics may also make marking schemes more complicated for students. First, showing one mark may be inaccurate, as receiving a perfect score in one section may not be very significant in the long run if that specific strand is not weighted heavily. Some may also find it difficult to comprehend an assignment having four distinct marks, and therefore it is unsuitable for some younger children. Nonetheless, it allows students to compensate for a lack of ability in one strand by improving another one. For instance, if a student has difficulty communicating her ideas, she may still be able to attain a relatively high mark, because communication is typically not weighted heavily. Scoring rubrics may also allow students to improve their weaknesses. Another advantage of a scoring rubric is that it clearly shows what criteria must be met for a student to demonstrate quality on a product, process, or performance task.

Science Innovations

Local Innovations Karaoke Inventor Roberto del Rosario, a Filipino is claiming the right for the invention of the Sing-AlongSystem (SAS) that eventually led to the development of Karaoke, a Japanese term for "singing without accompaniment". Among del Rosario's other inventions were the Trebel Voice Color Code (VCC), the piano tuner's guide, the piano keyboard stressing device, the voice color tape, and the one-man-band (OMB). The OMB was later developed as the Sing-Along-System (SAS). Inventor of Incubator

Fe del Mundo, the first Asian to have entered the prestigious Harvard University's School of Medicine, is also credited for her studies that led to the invention of incubator and jaundice relieving device. Del Mundo, an International Pediatric Association (IPA) awardee, is an alumna of the University of the Philippines (UP) College of Medicine. Since 1941, she has contributed more than 100 articles to medical journals in the U.S., Philippines and India. In 1966, she received the Elizabeth Blackwell Award, for her "outstanding service to mankind". In 1977, she was bestowed the Ramon Magsaysay Award for outstanding public service. Water-Powered Car
Delos Reyes, Rosemarie F. SE 203 CURRENT TRENDS AND ISSUES IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

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For more than three decades now, Daniel Dingel has been claiming that his car can run with water as fuel. An article from the Philippine Daily Inquirer said that Dingle built his engine as early as 1969. Dingel built a car reactor that uses electricity from a 12-volt car battery to split the ordinary tap water into hydrogen and oxygen components. The hydrogen can then be used to power the car engine. Dingel said that a number of foreign car companies have expressed interest in his invention. The officials of the Department of Science and Technology (DOST) have dismissed Dingel's water-powered car as a hoax. In return, Dingel accused them of conspiring with oil producing countries. Dingel, however, was the not the only man on earth who is testing water as an alternative fuel. American inventors Rudolf Gunnerman and Stanley Meyer and the researchers of the U.S. Department of Energy's National Renewable Energy Laboratory have been pursuing similar experiments.

Moon Buggy Inventor

Filipinos consider Eduardo San Juan as the inventor of the Lunar Rover, or more popularly known as the Moon Buggy. The Moon Buggy was the car used by Neil Armstrong and other astronauts when they first explored the moon in 1969. Eduardo San Juan, a graduate of Mapua Institute of Technology (MIT), worked for Lockheed Corporation and conceptualized the design of the Moon Buggy that the Apollo astronauts used while in the moon. As a NASA engineer, San Juan reportedly used his Filipino ingenuity to build a vehicle that would run outside the Earth's atmosphere. He constructed his model using homemade materials. In 1978, San Juan received one of the Ten Outstanding Men (TOM) awards in science and technology. San Juan, however, was not listed as the inventor of the Moon Buggy in American scientific journals. It said the vehicle was designed and constructed by a group of space engineers. In Poland, the Moon Buggy is attributed to a Polish inventor. Worse, the National Academy of Science and Technology (NAST) does not recognize Flores in its roster of outstanding Filipino scientists. Space Engineer

On June 25, 2002, the provincial government of Cavite awarded Edward Caro a plaque of recognition for his 42 years of service at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) in the United States where he helped launch the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission or the Explorer. Caro, 70 and a native of Cavite retired from NASA in 2001. In return, NASA during the same year conferred Caro the Distinguished Science medal, reportedly the highest honor it gives to its employees. (Source: Philippine Star) Fluorescent Lamp Inventor

Many Filipinos acknowledge Agapito Flores as the inventor of the fluorescent lamp, which is the most widely used source of lighting in the world today. The fluorescent lamp reportedly got its name from Flores. Written articles about Flores said he was born in Bantayan Island in Cebu. The fluorescent lamp, however, was not invented in a
Delos Reyes, Rosemarie F. SE 203 CURRENT TRENDS AND ISSUES IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

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particular year. It was the product of 79 years of the development of the lighting method that began with the invention of the electric light bulb by Thomas Edison. Among the other inventors who claimed credit for developing the fluorescent lamp were French physicist A. E. Becquerel (1867), Nikola Tesla, Albert Hall (1927), Mark Winsor and Edmund Germer. French inventor Andre Claude was recognized for developing the fluorescent tubular lighting systems. Yet, he was not officially recognized as the inventor of fluorescent lamp. It was reported that the General Electric and Westinghouse obtained Claude's patent rights and developed the fluorescent lamp that we know today. According to Filipino scientists, fluorescent lamp was not named after Flores. The term fluorescence first cropped up as early as 1852 when English mathematician-physicist George Gabriel Stokes discovered a luminous material called "fluorspar", which he coined with "escence". The National Academy of Science and Technology also dismissed Flores being the inventor of fluorescent lamp as a myth. "No scientific report, no valid statement, no rigorous documents can be used to credit Flores for the discovery of the fluorescent lamp. We have tried to correct this misconception, but the media (for one) and our textbooks (for another) keep using the Flores example," a Filipino scientist wrote in her column at the Philippine Daily Inquirer. The fluorescent lamps were introduced into the U.S. market in 1938. Still, Filipinos recognize Agapito Flores as the inventor of the product that illuminated the world. Videophone Inventor

Gregorio Zara of Lipa City and a graduate of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology invented the videophone and developed the Zara Effect or Electrical Kinetic Resistance. He Discovered Erythromycin

A Filipino scientist reportedly discovered erythromycin in 1949. He was Dr. Abelardo Aguilar who died in 1993 without being recognized and rewarded for his discovery. Reports said Aguilar discovered the antibiotic from the Aspergillus species of fungi in 1949 and sent samples to Indiana-based pharmaceutical firm Eli Lilly Co. The drug firm allegedly registered the propriety name Iloson for the antibiotic in honor of Iloilo province where Aguilar discovered it. In 1952, Eli Lilly Co. began the commercial distribution of Iloson, which was sold as an alternative to penicillin. Erythromycin, the generic name of Iloson, was reportedly the first successful macrolide antibiotic introduced in the US. Computer Guru

Diosdado Banatao, a native of Iguig, Cagayan and an electrical engineering graduate from Mapua Institute of Technology in Manila is credited for eight major contributions to the Information Technology. Banatao is most known for introducing the first single-chip graphical user interface accelerator that made computers work a lot faster and for helping develop the Ethernet controller chip that made Internet possible. In 1989, he pioneered the local bus concept for personal computers and in the following year developed the First Windows accelerator chip. Intel is now using the chips and technologies developed by Banatao. He now runs his own semiconductor company, Mostron and Chips & Technology, which is based in California's Silicon Valley. (Source: Filipinas Magazine)
Delos Reyes, Rosemarie F. SE 203 CURRENT TRENDS AND ISSUES IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

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Modular Housing Inventor

Edgardo Vazquez won a World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) gold medal in 1995 for developing a modular housing system. Such a system called Vazbuilt is reportedly capable of building within weeks a house with prefabricated materials that can withstand typhoons and earthquakes. Ironically, Vasquez is not getting enough support from the Philippine government to propagate his technology, which could help provide shelter to some five million Filipino families without their own homes. Vazquez is the national president of the Filipino Inventors Society.

International Innovations

EEG signals may reflect underlying brain connectivity patterns in autism. Timely diagnosis for behavioral disorders Early intervention is one of our best tools for helping children with behavioral and learning disorders: Neuroscience shows that these interventions can help rewire young childrens more changeable brain circuitry, perhaps sparing children with conditions like dyslexia and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) from frustration and social isolation once they start going to school. Unfortunately, these disorders are hard to spot early with behavioral criteria. Autism cant be reliably be diagnosed before 18 months of age, dyslexia generally doesnt become apparent until kindergarten or later, and behavioral criteria for ADHD are unreliable before age 8 or 9 even as the American Academy of Pediatrics suggests considering drug treatment for ADHD as early as age 4. But what if there were an objective, unbiased test for these disorders? 2011 saw exciting steps in this direction. Functional MRI studies were shown to pick up structural brain differences in 5- and 6year-olds with a family history of dyslexia (watch for more on this soon). EEGs coupled with machine learning algorithms distinguished infants at high risk for autism from controls with 80 percent accuracy at as young as 9 months of age. A study thats still recruiting is comparing EEG activity and metabolic activity on fMRI in two groups of 3to 7-year-olds with and without ADHD. Even newborns with a known neurologic insult are starting to be tracked over time with advanced neuroimaging, so their outcomes and the effects of early treatments can be better understood.

Delos Reyes, Rosemarie F.

SE 203 CURRENT TRENDS AND ISSUES IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Hand outs 8 RUBRICS AND MATH/SCIENCE INNOVATIONS

This medical app makes your phone emit a high-frequency pitch that drives off mosquitoes. Digital health apps 2.0 The electronic revolution in healthcare continues, even as Google Health disbands. Mobile apps are growing exponentially, while the industry puzzles out which are worth investing in and waits for the FDA to weigh in. Techniques from gaming are motivating patients to take charge of their health. Medical records are starting to incorporate voiceto-text apps and user-generated content, helping physicians and patients track symptoms more easily and systematically, and incorporate this data into decisionmaking. Robotics and telehealth are allowing doctors to make virtual house calls to patients recovering from surgery. On the public health side, researchers are getting new insights into the populations health behaviors by tapping Google searches. For more on the fast-moving digital health industry, read the coverage of this years Health 2.0 meeting And read this disturbing report: Will electronic records and devices lead to distracted doctoring?

Influenza A H1N1 Making the flu less devastating Flu for most people is an uncomfortable inconvenience, but it can cause serious problems. Researchers are getting a glimpse at why some people are particularly susceptible to flu, such as children with asthma, who often land in the hospital gasping for air. One ominous finding in 2011 was that otherwise healthy children carrying MRSA which is becoming more prevalent in the community were eight times more likely to die with influenza during the 2009 H1N1 flu pandemic. Influenza immunization
Delos Reyes, Rosemarie F. SE 203 CURRENT TRENDS AND ISSUES IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

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(especially of preschoolers) is the best defense, but the need to update the flu vaccine every year, particularly when dangerous new strains appear, is a major challenge; in the 2009 pandemic, vaccine distribution was delayed. Scientists made progress last year toward a universal flu vaccine that targets parts of the virus that dont mutate, a step in the right direction. But the year closed with the National Security Advisory Board asking the journals Science and Nature to omit certain details from pending flu research papers (describing creation of a highly transmissible form of avian flu) for fear of bioterrorism, sparking a debate about censorship of scientific communications.

Engineered heart tissue studded with gold nanowires is more electrically conductive Taking tissue engineering to the next level Weve gotten good at building basic tissues and even simple organs in the lab. But making complex engineered tissues that can perform biological functions that the body does naturally smart tissues if you will are only now emerging. Scientists are figuring out how to harness mechanical cues that induce cells to create multiple tissue types and three-dimensional organs on their own. Engineers are starting to incorporate nanotechnology to make heart patches that conduct electrical signals and beat as a unit, and fatty particles, filled with drugs, that can home to damaged tissue. Others are combining tissue engineering with gene therapy, creating tissues that can secrete desired compounds like protein drugs or factors that can kick-start regeneration within the body.

Genomics is starting to provide clinically actionable information Whole-genome sequencing enters the clinic

In 2000, with our genome deciphered, the Human Genome Project promised to transform medicine, predicting and preventing all that ails us. The project spawned nextgeneration technologies, accelerated the development of bioinformatics and shaped
Delos Reyes, Rosemarie F. SE 203 CURRENT TRENDS AND ISSUES IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

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new perspectives on research. But if, say, a stroke patient was asked the question, Is your life any better than 10 years ago thanks to advent of genomics? the answer would have to be no. Hence the New York Timess assertion in 2010 that the project yielded few new cures. Now that paradigm seems to be shifting. Whole-genome sequencing has begun moving into the clinic, sleuthing out problems, offering hope for a medicine thats more effective and more personal. 2011 saw genomic information provide biochemical insights timely and actionable enough to improve the treatment of individuals with cancer and dystonia, and, in a case at Childrens, failure to thrive and severe kidney calcification. An increasing number of people are embracing genomic analysis many of them with rare diseases, but others simply to advance the science or just for fun. In 2012, as costs of genome sequencing fall further, well increasingly be able to find needles by analyzing entire haystacks. Expect more focus on how to handle and interpret the flood of information and how to communicate it to patients.

The IBM-powered Masters Tournament website has inspired training modules that teach medical procedures remotely. Global health: Medical missions give way to telemedicine Doctors frequently go on medical missions overseas; Childrens alone has recently sent medical relief teams to Haiti, urologic surgeons to Kenya, cardiac surgeons to Ghana, and plastic surgeons to Chechnya. But what if doctors could be trained in new procedures or receive live or nearly-live guidance via telemedicine? As critical care physician Jeff Burns put it during a talk at IBMs Impact 2011 Global Conference last April, Ten million children under 5 die each year around the world from preventable causes. Can we use web-based technology to save some of them? With web-based modules and mobile technology, sharing medical expertise with someone in Africa isnt much different from sending radiology images across town, and organizations such as Health eVillages are distributing technology to resource-poor areas. And that information exchange neednt be just one way. I know very little about malaria, and Ive never treated Chagas disease, yet they afflict many children in the world, Burns told the IBM audience. When these children become dehydrated, whats needed isnt me out of Boston. Its my colleagues in Bangalore who see 1,000 children a day.

Delos Reyes, Rosemarie F.

SE 203 CURRENT TRENDS AND ISSUES IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY