Holger Hannemann, ABB Power Electronics Napier, 30.

March 2010

Innovative solutions for grid stabilisation and support

ABB Group April 7, 2010 | Slide 1

Innovative solutions for grid stabilisation and support Grid connection of renewable generation

When connecting large wind farms to the power grid, they will typically be connected to weak grids. Issues such as:

steep power changes voltage control grid stability during and after faults and frequency regulations

are areas where innovative Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) and STATCOMs can help.

ABB Group April 7, 2010 | Slide 2

Innovative solutions for grid stabilisation and support

STATCOM Energy Storage Systems, ESS Active Voltage Conditioner, AVC

ABB Group April 7, 2010 | Slide 3

Innovative solutions for grid stabilisation and support What does a STATCOM?

A STATCOM delivers reactive current only The basic functionality of the STATCOM is to operate as a self-sufficient voltage or power factor regulator, in much the same way as traditional synchronous VAr compensators. The current output is limited to nominal values with a short-term overload capability. The advantage of the STATCOM design is the dynamic response and that several optional features can be added.

ABB Group April 7, 2010 | Slide 4

Innovative solutions for grid stabilisation and support Application: STATCOM for Wind Farms

Medium Voltage (MV)

Benefits
Grid connection compliance Improved disturbance ride through System power factor control Flicker compensation System resonances damping STATCOM Hybrid LV or MV capacitors can be connected

ABB Group April 7, 2010 | Slide 5

Innovative solutions for grid stabilisation and support Grid Codes, reactive power requirements

Mainly wind power but also other small generations 2 tasks,steady-state reactive power no STATCOM task dynamic support during faults STATCOM needed
fault support, ride through

steady state requirements

ABB Group April 7, 2010 | Slide 6

Innovative solutions for grid stabilisation and support Flicker compensation

Flicker of a wind turbine at around 11 Hz

ABB Group April 7, 2010 | Slide 7

Innovative solutions for grid stabilisation and support Flicker, real data. Vpcc and Ipcc. Zsrc = 5%

ABB Group April 7, 2010 | Slide 8

Innovative solutions for grid stabilisation and support System resonance damping, pf capacitor

ABB Group April 7, 2010 | Slide 9

PQ curves with capacitor switches Left: no STATCOM Right: STATCOM enabled

Innovative solutions for grid stabilisation and support Double-STATCOM based on ABB patent
generator low voltage S1

~ _

~ _

STATCOM / grid inverter

STATCOM / geno inverter

During steady-state production both STATCOMs share the load to support grid and turbine with reactive power and mitigate turbine flicker, S1 closed During start S1 is open and both STATCOMs work as a frequency converter, synchronise the turbine and switch to STATCOM mode after closing S1 During grid malfunction S1 opens and geno STATCOM supports turbine to stay online while grid STATCOM delivers reactive current. Dumping resistors help to reduce power output to a level that suites to STATCOM size.

ABB Group April 7, 2010 | Slide 10

Innovative solutions for grid stabilisation and support

STATCOM Energy Storage Systems, ESS Active Voltage Conditioner, AVC

ABB Group April 7, 2010 | Slide 11

Innovative solutions for grid stabilisation and support ESS: applications

Central Generation

ESS

Load leveling for generation utilization 100 MW, 4h

Spinning reserve In case of line loss 10-100 MW, 0.25-1 h

ESS

220 kV Overhead line 20 kV 220 kV

to Load

ESS
Distributed Generation

Load leveling for postponement of grid upgrade 1-10 MW, 6 h

Heavy Industry

ESS

Integration of renewables 1-100 MW, 1-10 h

110 kV

20 kV Network ring

ESS
Peak shaving 0.5-10 MW, 1 h

Single connection

ESS
Frequency regulation 1-50 MW, 0.25-1 h
ABB Group April 7, 2010 | Slide 12

20 kV

110 kV

Innovative solutions for grid stabilisation and support Storage technologies

Mechanical Thermodynamic Electrochemical Electromagnetic

Gravitation Pumped hydro Kinetic Flywheel

Pressure Compr. Air (CAES) Pressure Heat Adiabatic CAES Heat Thermoele ctric

Batteries Lead acid NiCd NaS NaNiCl Lithium Ni-MH Metal air

Flow cells Vanadium ZnBr PSBr

Hydrogen Electrolyser & Fuel Cell

Electric Capacitors Supercaps Magnetic Superconducting (SMES)

Innovative solutions for grid stabilisation and support Discharge times

Capacitors Flywheels Batteries Pump storage

Fractions of seconds

Minute

Minute(s) to hour(s)

Hours to days

Discharge time

Power Electronics based Energy Storage Systems core range:

5 to 60 minutes 5 to 50 MW

ABB Group April 7, 2010 | Slide 14

Innovative solutions for grid stabilisation and support ESS: applications overview
1000 Storage time [min] Vanadium Redox Flow Renewable Integration Sodium Sulfur (NaS) Load leveling T&D postponement Pumped Hydro Systems (PHS) Load leveling Generation utilization 1h 10 h

300

Lead acid

100

End-user peak shaving Ni-Cd

30

Li-Ion

Prim. Frequency Regulation 10 min 1 MW 10 MW 100 MW Power requirement [MW] 1000 MW

10 100 kW

Innovative solutions for grid stabilisation and support Wind power system stabilisation

Medium or High Voltage Grid

Low Voltage (LV) Benefits Grid stabilisation, deliver constant energy flow, Q voltage reg., P frequency regulation Store during high prod./low consumption & vice versa Allows more renewable generation to be connected ESS Storage, super caps, flywheels or batteries System reliability, support during any ride through event + recovery

ABB Group April 7, 2010 | Slide 16

Innovative solutions for grid stabilisation and support Turnkey solutions

BESS Turnkey Solutions

Community Energy Storage

AC Grid

optimized for 50 500kW rating Grid Integration & Turnkey Services Grid Energy Storage Platform #1
UDC = 1kV optimized for 1 ~20MW rating

Grid Energy Storage Platform #2

UDC = >5kV optimized for ~20 100MW rating Platform selection based on target application & project parameters

Innovative solutions for grid stabilisation and support Container, 2 MVA(r) layout for BESS / STATCOM

ABB Group April 7, 2010 | Slide 18

Innovative solutions for grid stabilisation and support

Overview STATCOM Energy Storage Systems, ESS Active Voltage Conditioner, AVC

ABB Group April 7, 2010 | Slide 19

Innovative solutions for grid stabilisation and support Active voltage conditioner

ABB Group April 7, 2010 | Slide 20

Innovative solutions for grid stabilisation and support Active voltage conditioner for HVRT

Overvoltage problems up to 1.4pu in Italy or Canada

AVC

Point of regulation

Turbine 1 Turbine 2 Turbine 3

ABB Group April 7, 2010 | Slide 21

Turbine n

Innovative solutions for grid stabilisation and support Active voltage conditioner for remote grids

Remote and often weak grid with generation and loads Voltage fluctuation high generation & low consumption and vice versa Active voltage conditioner to keep voltage within limits Low cost flicker mitigation at consumer side
Weak grid several km length mv bypass

Load (output)

Distribution transformer
Bypass

boost transformer

Wind park

AVC
Fuse

Remote villages

ABB Group April 7, 2010 | Slide 22

Innovative solutions for grid stabilisation and support Container layout, 8 MVA (+/-10%) AVC

ABB Group April 7, 2010 | Slide 23

 ABB Group April 7, 2010 | Slide 24