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Mrinal Kumar1 , Ph.D. Student Department of Aerospace Engineering, Texas A&M University Nov. 2005
Finite Dierences
Systems considered:
1D Transient, 2D Transient
Results Obtained:
1D Transient System:: Unstable Solution, singularity makes the 1D system a pathological example. 2D Dung Oscillator ( + x3 = 0):: Solution obtained for only moderately nonlinear x cases ( max = 0.2), and for only 1 orbit of propagation. Errors grow large after that. Solution attempted for a case with separatrix:: Divergence observed almost instantly.
Systems Studied:
1D Transient, 2D stationary, 2D Transient.
Results Obtained:
1D transient:: Captures the solution with high accuracy, and even tracks down the terminal singular behavior of a dirac delta function for considerable duration. Positivity enforced 2D stationary:: Highly accurate results for ring-pdf and bimodal-pdf. However, log-pdf transform in this case leads to a quadratic matrix equation, which is solved iteratively, and requires a good starting guess. 2D transient:: Very accurate results for the ring pdf. Goes from initial state to stationary pdf with small error. Time required 20-30 minutes.
6. Requires numerical integration. :CON 7. MLPG requires a MLS solution for each quadrature point - i.e., if there are 50 50 nodes and 10 10 quadrature points per local regime, then one needs to solve > 50 50 10 10 = 2.5 105 MLS problems. :CON 8. Recent experience with the 4D problem shows that there is diculty in solving the MLS approximation, if the nodes are not close together. It leads to an ill-conditioned matrix inversion. :CON 9. Boundary conditions are dicult to impose, and constitute the heuristic part of the method - done via a penalty method. The diculty is mainly because our problem requires enforcement of Dirichlet BC over the articial boundaries, which is a tough ask. :CON 10. The most time consuming of all methods used so far. Right now, we cannot even begin to start solving the transient problem, e.g., stationary solution ( 1 time step in a transient problem) requires 20-25 minutes. :CON
2. Desire a Functional Approximation inside each local domain - i.e. desire element based method. 3. Desire special functions for basis enrichment. Polynomials cannot give desired accuracy, especially in a coarse mesh. Need to implement the idea of Handbook Functions used in the Generalized Finite Element methods. (ref: Strouboulis, Babuska, Kopps, 20002002). These handbook functions require some prior knowledge of the system, and can be evaluated computationally. We can use the linear systems knowledge to build them. 4. Require a blending scheme to merge the various local approximations seamlessly. This can be achieved by the PUM. 5. Challenge: Enforcement of boundary conditions: most GFEM methods deal with problems with Neumann, and not Dirichlet boundary conditions. However, recent GFEM literature deals with this issue. 6. Challenge: The coarseness of mesh might require positivity enforcement. If done by log-pdf transform, will lead to complicated and coupled non-linear equations. However, the rst task is to learn the evaluation of handbook functions.