3G Network Planning Study with MonteCarlo Simulation

Nuno Daniel Cardoso

Portugal Telecom Inovao S.A.

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3G Network Planning Study with Monte-Carlo Simulation

Overview
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Objectives. Simulation scenario description. Load impact on coverage probability. Noise rise limit. Handover margin. BS Antenna tilt angle. BS Antenna height. Downlink handover gain. Pilot power. BS sector aperture. Voice vs. video impact.
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3G Network Planning Study with Monte-Carlo Simulation

Objectives of the Performed Work

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Study UMTS cellular planning via MonteCarlo simulation using real terrain database information. Understand the impact of some WCDMA parameters in the system performance. Evaluate the effects of using different services in the same cell. Gain experience in this new technology to better predict and understand the system behavior during the deployment phase.
3G Network Planning Study with Monte-Carlo Simulation

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Terrain Morphology and Cells Layout

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Jersey Island irregular terrain leads to dissimilar cell sizes. Inovao

3G Network Planning Study with Monte-Carlo Simulation

Parameters Assessed by Simulation

Parameter Noise rise limit (dB) - limit of the noise rise allowed in the system Handover margin (dB) - margin related to the highest signal strength BS antenna tilt () - angle of the antenna down tilting BS antenna height (m) - height of the antenna from the ground Default 6 6 0 25 Other values 3 3 3 10 -2 27 60 None 9 6 40 0 33

Downlink soft handover gain (dB) - soft 2 handover gain in the downlink Pilot power (dBm) - power of the pilot channel 30 85

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BS antenna aperture () - angle of the half power beam width

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3G Network Planning Study with Monte-Carlo Simulation

Input Simulation Parameters

Other simulation parameters needed for the simulator.
Parameter Maximum BS Tx power (dBm) Maximum Tx power per connection (dBm) Common channels power (dBm) Simulation geographical resolution (m) Terminal background noise (dBm) BS background noise (dBm) Active set size Orthogonality factor Value 43 35 30 50 -99 -103 3 0,7

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3G Network Planning Study with Monte-Carlo Simulation

Services characteristics
Service/Terminal Type of service Bit rate (kbps) Mobile speed (km/h) Downlink Eb/No required (dB) Uplink Eb/No required (dB) Downlink activity factor Uplink activity factor Maximum mobile power (dBm) Mobile dynamic range (dB) Power control step size (dB) Voice/ 144 kbps/PDA Handheld video Circuit switched 12 120 7.9 6.1 0.5 0.5 21 65 1 -21 Circuit switched 144 120 4.5 3.1 1 1 24 70 1 -14

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Required Ec/Io (dB)

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3G Network Planning Study with Monte-Carlo Simulation

Load Impact on Coverage Probability (I)

Noise rise limit = 6 dB Handover margin = 6 dB BS antenna tilt = 0 BS antenna height = 25 m DL soft handover gain = 2 dB Pilot power = 30 dBm BS antenna aperture = 85

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3G Network Planning Study with Monte-Carlo Simulation

Load Impact on Coverage Probability (II)

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Load impacts on the coverage area (cell breathing effect). Increasing the traffic density deteriorates the QoS. Cell load depends of the cell captured traffic (uniformly distributed). Large cells experience worse coverage probability (they serve more traffic).

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3G Network Planning Study with Monte-Carlo Simulation

Noise Rise Limit Variation (I)

Uplink transmitted power

Handover margin = 6 dB BS antenna tilt = 0 BS antenna height = 25 m DL soft handover gain = 2 dB

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Pilot power = 30 dBm

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3G Network Planning Study with Monte-Carlo Simulation

BS antenna aperture = 85

Noise Rise Limit Variation (II)

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Increasing the noise rise limit increases the maximum allowed interference in the cell. More interference allowed means more capacity, but on the other hand it also means less system stability. The consideration of no noise rise limit leads to the exclusion of terminals due to uplink and/or downlink low level of Eb/No.

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3G Network Planning Study with Monte-Carlo Simulation

Handover Margin Variation (I)

Soft Handover Probability

Noise rise limit = 6 dB BS antenna tilt = 0 BS antenna height = 25 m DL soft handover gain = 2 dB

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Pilot power = 30 dBm

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BS antenna aperture 3G Network Planning Study with Monte-Carlo Simulation

BS antenna aperture = 85

Handover Margin Variation (II)

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The handover margin has a direct impact on the number of terminals in soft/softer handover. Larger handover regions result in less average transmission power. Downlink soft/softer handover consequences:
Increases the number of connections. l Leads to a potential increase in the interference (depending on the radio channel status and diversity gain). l Leaves less power available to other channels. 3G Network Planning Study with Monte-Carlo Simulation Inovao
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BS Antenna Tilt Angle Variation (I)

Pilot Ec/Io

Noise rise limit = 6 dB Handover margin = 6 dB BS antenna height = 25 m DL soft handover gain = 2 dB

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Pilot power = 30 dBm

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3G Network Planning Study with Monte-Carlo Simulation

BS antenna aperture = 85

BS Antenna Tilt Angle Variation (II)

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The antenna tilting angle affects the signal path loss. Increasing the down tilting angle decreases the interference area. It also leads to an average decrease on the Ec level, resulting in an overall decrease of Ec/Io. The uplink transmitted power increases in average with the increase of the tilt angle. The softer handover region increases and the soft handover region decreases.
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3G Network Planning Study with Monte-Carlo Simulation

BS Antenna Height Variation (I)

Uplink transmitted power

Noise rise limit = 6 dB Handover margin = 6 dB BS antenna tilt = 0 DL soft handover gain = 2 dB

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Pilot power = 30 dBm

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3G Network Planning Study with Monte-Carlo Simulation

BS antenna aperture = 85

BS Antenna Height Variation (II)

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Similar effects as experienced for the tilt angle variations. The impact is more dependent on the terrain profile. Lower antenna heights lead to larger softer handover regions.

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3G Network Planning Study with Monte-Carlo Simulation

Downlink Handover Gain Variation (I)

Downlink Eb/No failure probability

Noise rise limit = 6 dB Handover margin = 6 dB BS antenna tilt = 0 BS antenna height = 25 m

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Pilot power = 30 dBm

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3G Network Planning Study with Monte-Carlo 85 Simulation

BS antenna aperture =

Downlink Handover Gain Variation (II)

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Directly affects the downlink performance. Higher gains allow less downlink average transmission power, leading to more available resources to other channels.

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3G Network Planning Study with Monte-Carlo Simulation

Pilot Power Variation (I)

Pilot Ec/Io

Noise rise limit = 6 dB Handover margin = 6 dB BS antenna tilt = 0 BS antenna height = 25 m DL soft handover gain = 2 dB

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3G Network Planning Study with Monte-Carlo Simulation

BS antenna aperture = 85

Pilot Power Variation (II)

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The pilot power level sets cell coverage area. It affects directly the Ec/Io level. If more power is allocated to this channel less power is available for traffic channels. Higher pilot powers result in higher interference levels.

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3G Network Planning Study with Monte-Carlo Simulation

BS Sector Aperture Variation (I)

Softer Handover Probability

Noise rise limit = 6 dB Handover margin = 6 dB BS antenna tilt = 0 BS antenna height = 25 m DL soft handover gain = 2 dB

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3G Network Planning Study with Monte-Carlo Simulation

Pilot power = 30 dBm

BS Sector Aperture Variation (II)

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The radiation pattern depends on the antenna type and characteristics. A wider sector aperture allows larger softer handover regions. Larger apertures increase the interference level.

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3G Network Planning Study with Monte-Carlo Simulation

Voice vs Video Service (I)

Uplink Transmitted Power

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3G Network Planning Study with Monte-Carlo Simulation

Voice vs Video service (II)

Pilot Ec/Io

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3G Network Planning Study with Monte-Carlo Simulation

Conclusions (I)
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Coverage quality depends of traffic density. Higher noise rise limit allows more capacity but also more interference. Increasing the handover margin reduces the transmission power but increases downlink resources utilization and the interference. The antenna tilting and height define Ec/Io level and the interference captured.
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3G Network Planning Study with Monte-Carlo Simulation

Conclusions (II)
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The cell size is defined by the pilot power that also causes interference. The downlink handover gain mirrors the advantages of soft/softer handover. The antenna sector aperture sets the captured interference and softer handover area. For the same cell total throughput, the video service produces less interference than voice but the terminals transmitted power is considerably higher.
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3G Network Planning Study with Monte-Carlo Simulation

Thank you for your attention!

nuno-d-cardoso@ptinovacao.pt
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3G Network Planning Study with Monte-Carlo Simulation