PROJECT REPORT ON

OPTICAL FIBER BASED MULTIPLE DEVICE SWITCHING

SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULLFILMENT FOR THE REQUIREMENT OF THE AWAED OF DEGREE IN BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
SUBMITTED BY 1. VIPIN KUMAR 2. VIKAS KALIRAMANA Year-2011-2012 08EL319 08EL317

(Formerly Institute of Technology and Management, Affiliated to MDU, Rohtak) SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING GURGAON, HARYANA

CERTIFICATE

TO WHOMSOEVER IT MAY CONCERN This is to certify that the following students have completed their major project OPTICAL FIBER FIBER BASED MULTIPLE DEVICE SWITCHING, in the partial fulfillment of the award of the degree of B.Tech (ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION) by MAHARISHI DAYANAND UNIVERSITY, ROHTAK, at ITM University, Gurgaon. The Project team comprises of following students. 1. VIPIN KUMAR(08EL319) 2. VIKAS KALIRAMANA(08EL317)

(Mr. Saurabh sachdeva) Project Guide

(Ms. Prabhjot Kaur) PROJECT COORDINATOR

(Dr. Swaran Ahuja) HOD, ECE

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We express gratitude and are thankful to all the people at ITMU, Gurgaon who helped to make our acknowledgment project a success. We have no doubt now that our choice of project was right and the exposure and experience gained at ITMU has been unique. We feel we have been part of the ITMU and shared the work culture which teaches strict self discipline and a goal oriented approach. We owe our success to many people who guided us in time of need and shared with us their valuable time so that we could develop. We would like to thank Mr.Saurabh sachdeva for providing us all the necessary information on time and help us by devoting his precious time and being our project mentor who guided us throughout our project period and constantly clearing our doubts on various technical processes. We would also like to thank various lab assistants for giving us such an excellent opportunity to work in different labs.

ABSTRACT

The objective of this project is to design a simple, easy to install, microcontroller-based circuit to control devices at the receiver end by sending data signals from transmitter end through optical fiber, Controlling devices by switching them ON and OFF by pressing switches at transmitter end instead of devices ,We have used LEDs for showing outputs . Optical fiber is used as transmitting media for sending input signals from transmitter to receiver Signals are send in form of light signals using light emitting diode as a source of light. The controller used is a low power, cost efficient chip manufactured by PHILIPS having 8K bytes of on-chip flash memory.

INDEX
TITLE CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 HISTORY 1.2 GENERAL CONCEPT 1.3 ADVANTAGES 1.4 COMPARISONS 1.5 IMPACT OF GREENHOUSE CONTROLLER DESIGN Page No.

1-9

CHAPTER 2: DETAILS OF TECHNOLOGY USED 2.1 COMPONENTS 2.2 COMAPRISON BETWEEN PIC AND 8051 MICROCONTROLLER 2.2.1 6VOLTS MOTOR CYCLE BATTERY 2.2.2 NEON LAMP 2.2.3 FLUORESCENT TUBE LIGHT 2.3 THE ADAPTING 3-TERMINAL VOLTAGE REGULATORS FOR CONSTANT HIGH VOLTAGE POWERSUPPLIES 2.4 PIC MICROCONTROLLER 2.4.1 CORE ARCHITECTURE 2.4.2 DATA SPACE (RAM) 2.4.3 CODE SPACE 2.4.4 WORD SIZE 2.4.5 STACKS 2.4.6 INSTRUCTION SET 2.4.7 PERFORMANCE 2.4.8 LIMITS

10-33

2.5 PIC 16F877A 2.5.1 HIGH-PERFORMNANCE RISC CPU 2.5.2 PERIPHERAL FEATURES 2.5.3 ANALOG FEATURES 2.5.4 SPECIAL MICROCONTROLLERS FEATURES 2.5.5 CMOS TECHNOLOGY 2.6 RELAYS 2.7 RESISTANCE 2.8 LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAYS (LCD) 2.9 PUSH-BUTTON 2.10 PCB (PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD) 2.11 DIODES 2.12 MOUNTING AND SOLDERING

CHAPTER 3: HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION 3.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF INTELLIGENT GREENHOUSE CONTROLLER 3.2 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM 3.2.1 CRYSTAL OSCILLATORS 3.2.2 TEMPRATURE & HUMIDITY SENSOR SPECIFIACTION 3.2.2.1 TEMPERATURE SENSOR 3.2.2.2 HUMIDITY SENSOR 3.3 DC MOTOR

34-41

CHAPTER 4: SOFTWARE IMPLEMENTATION 4.1 PROGRAMMING ENVIRONMENT 4.2 CODE USED 4.3 FIGURE SHOWING THE COMPLETE WORKING INTELLIGENT GREENHOUSE CONTROLLER

42-51

REFERENCES BIBLIOGRAPHY

52 53

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

1. PLCs 2. PSP 3. A/D

- Programmable Logic Controllers - Parallel Slave Port - Analog-to-Digital Converter - Brown-out Reset

4. BOR

5. ICSP - In-Circuit Serial Programming 6. WDT 7. 8. ICD LCD

- Watchdog Timer - In-Circuit Debug - Liquid Crystal Display - Printed Circuit Board - Direct Digital Synthesis

9. PCB 10. DDS

LIST OF TABLES

1. COMAPRISON BETWEEN PIC AND 8051 MICROCONTROLLER 2. PIC 16F877A DEVICE FEATURES Page 23

Page -10

3. SPECIFICATIONS OF LM35 Page 38 4. SPECIFICATIONS OF HUMIDITY SENSOR Page 40 5. PIN DEFINATIONS AND RATING OF HUMIDITY SENSOR Page 41

LIST OF FIGURES

1. BATTERY 2. PIC IC along a metric scale 3. Pin diagram of PIC 16F877A 4. RELAY 5. Showing Variable and Fixed Resistors 6. Liquid crystal Display 7. Push button 8. Printed circuit board 9. Diode 10. Block diagram of Intelligent Greenhouse Controller 11. Circuit Diagram 12. Crystal Oscillator 13. Temperature sensor 14. Humidity sensor 15. Working Intelligent Greenhouse Controller

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