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FORMULAE
You may find the following formulae useful.

average velocity

displacement time

s t

accelerati on

change in velocit y time

(v u ) t

force = mass acceleration momentum = mass velocity change in potential energy = mass gravitational field strength change in height

F=ma p=mv PE = m g h KE = m v2 E=VIt

kinetic energy = mass (velocity)2 electrical energy = voltage current time

power

work done time taken

W t

work done = force distance moved in the direction of the force

W=Fs

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FINAL EXAM P2 SQ

SCIENCE PHYSICS

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FINAL EXAM P2 SQ

SCIENCE PHYSICS
Surname Signature

Name

American Academy Larnaca Year5 Final Exam / Mock


Additional [Triple] Science

Physics
P2 Topics 9 to 12

Higher Tier
Monday 30 April 2012 Time: 30 minutes
Materials required for examination Calculator Items included with question papers Nil

Instructions to Candidates
In the boxes above, write your surname, name and signature. Check that you have the correct question paper. Answer ALL the questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided in this question paper. Do not use pencil. Use blue or black ink. Some questions must be answered with a cross in a box ( ). If you change your mind about an answer, put a line through the box ( ) and then mark your new answer with a cross ( ). Show all stages in any calculations and state the units. Calculators may be used. Include diagrams in your answers where these are helpful.

Information for Candidates


The marks for individual questions and the parts of questions are shown in square brackets: e.g. [2 marks]. There are 4 questions in this question paper. The total mark for this paper is 30. There are 7 pages in this question paper. Any blank pages are indicated.

Advice to Candidates
You are reminded of the importance of clear English and careful presentation in your answers.

FINAL EXAM P2 SQ

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SCIENCE PHYSICS _______________________________________________________________________________________ 1. Conventional power stations use fossil fuels to produce electricity. Nuclear power stations use nuclear fission to produce electricity. (a) Describe one advantage and one disadvantage of nuclear power stations.

Advantage: Disadvantage: [2 marks]

(b)

Boron control rods are a crucial element for the smooth operation of a nuclear reactor.

control rods

nuclear reactor

fuel rods Explain the function of the control rods and how they are used to maintain a steady temperature in the nuclear reactor and prevent things getting out of control. [3 marks] [Total for Question 1: 5 marks] _______________________________________________________________________________________

FINAL EXAM P2 SQ

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SCIENCE PHYSICS _______________________________________________________________________________________ 2. The pictures below show a car and its velocity at two different time moments.

t = 6 sec speed = 16 m/s

t = 0 sec speed = 4 m/s

(a)

Calculate the acceleration of the car.

Acceleration = m/s2 [2 marks]

(b)

The mass of the car is 750 kg. The resistive forces on the car are equal to 650 N. mass = 750 kg

Resistive forces = 650 N

engines forward thrust

Calculate the forward thrust produced by the engine. Assume that the resistive forces are constant.

Forward thrust = N [3 marks] [Total for Question 2: 5 marks] _______________________________________________________________________________________

FINAL EXAM P2 SQ

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SCIENCE PHYSICS _______________________________________________________________________________________ 3. I-131 is a radioactive isotope of Iodine. (a) Explain what is meant by the word isotope.

[1 mark]

(b)

I-131 decays by emitting beta and gamma rays. (i) Explain what gamma rays are.

[1 mark] I-131 is injected into the patients body. The gamma rays it emits are used to detect cancer. Gamma rays can also be used to fight cancer. Explain how gamma rays can do both with relative safety for the patient. [2 marks]

(ii)

(iii)

Very often X-rays are used instead of gamma rays in fighting cancer. What is the difference between X-rays and gamma rays?

[2 marks] (c) (i) Explain what is meant by half-life.

[1 mark]

FINAL EXAM P2 SQ

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SCIENCE PHYSICS Below we see a graph of how the activity of a sample of I-131 changes with time.

2400 2000 1600 Activity 1200 (Bq) 800 400 0 0 5 10 15 20 Time (days) 25 30 35 40

(ii)

Use the graph to find the half-life of I-131. Half-life = days [1 mark]

(d)

I-131 emits beta and gamma rays and was used for both detecting and fighting thyroid cancer. Now doctors prefer to use I-123 for radioactive scanning and detection of cancer. I-123 emits only gamma rays and has a half-life of 13 hours. Doctors now use I-131 for fighting cancer. Explain why doctors have different functions for these two radioactive isotopes.

[2 marks] [Total for Question 3: 10 marks] _______________________________________________________________________________________

FINAL EXAM P2 SQ

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SCIENCE PHYSICS _______________________________________________________________________________________ 4. An electric motor raises a car to the top of a roller coaster. X

Z F 40 m 50 m Y 10 m 30 m (a) The electric motor uses a current of 40 A at a voltage of 250 V. It takes 34 sec fro the car to move to point X at the top of the roller coaster. Calculate the energy used by the electrical motor. 25 m

Energy = J [2 marks] (b) The electrical motor provides a force F on the car. (i) Put a cross ( ) in the box next to the correct row. The energy transfer is equal to heat lost to surroundings work done by force F work done by weight heat lost to the tracks [1 mark]

As car is raised energy is transferred A B C D from gravitational potential to kinetic from electrical to gravitational potential from gravitational potential to heat from electrical to elastic

(ii)

Calculate the Force F pulling the car up the roller coaster.

Force F = N [2 marks] FINAL EXAM P2 SQ 6 Turn over

SCIENCE PHYSICS (c) The car is allowed to move down from the top of the roller coaster by gravity. (i) Calculate the change in gravitational potential energy as the car moves down from point X at the top of the roller coaster to point Y. The mass of the car is 850 kg. The acceleration of free fall is equal to 10 m/s2.

Change in GPE = J [2 marks]

(ii)

Calculate the speed of the car at point Y. Assume there are no resistive forces.

Speed = m/s [2 marks]

(d)

Explain why, if we assume that there are no resistive forces, the car will pass over point Z.

[1 mark] [Total for Question 4: 10 marks] _______________________________________________________________________________________ TOTAL FOR PAPER: 30 MARKS _______________________________________________________________________________________ END

FINAL EXAM P2 SQ

P2 SQ MS MARK SCHEME p. 2 1. (a) Advantage Any one from [1 mark] No CO2 emissions / No emissions of greenhouse gases / No impact on global warming Cheaper energy Will last longer than fossil fuels Disadvantage Any one from [1 mark] Needs advanced technology / Not available in every country (or similar) Risk of radioactive leaks Radioactive wastes (b) Any three from [3 marks] Control rods absorb neutrons If temperature control rods are lowered (=> fewer neutrons to promote chain reactions) If temperature control rods are raised (=> more neutrons to promote chain reactions) In case of extreme danger control rods lowered completely to stop nuclear reaction

p. 3 2. (a)
vu 16 4 formula & substitution [1mark] a t 6 a = (2 m/s2) correct answer [1 mark] a

(b)

F = m a => F = 750 2 (or ecf from (a)) formula & substitution [1 mark] F = 1500 (N) correct answer [1 mark] Thrust 650 = 1500 => Thrust = 1500 + 650 = 2150 (N) substitution or answer [1 mark]

P2 SQ MS

P2 SQ MS p. 4 & 5 3. (a) Any one from [1 mark] A nucleus /Nuclei with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons Atoms of the same element with different { mass number / number of neutrons } Nuclei with the same atomic number but different mass / nucleon number (or similar) (i) Any one from [1 mark] EM radiation of high(est) energy / frequency Short(est) wavelength EM waves (or similar) Any one from [1 mark] Gamma rays are ionizing Gamma rays can kill cells Large doses are used for fighting cancer & Any one from [1 mark] Small doses will not cause a lot of damage Small doses are used in detection Gamma rays produced in nuclei [1 mark] X-rays produced by electrons / machines [1 mark] Any one from [1 mark] (Average) Time for { 1/2 the nuclei to decay / radioactivity to drop to 1/2 (the original value) / 1/2 the original amount of radioactive substance to decay } etc 8 (days) [1 mark]

(b)

(ii)

(iii)

(c)

(i)

(ii) (d)

Any one from [1 mark] I-123 (much) shorter half-life than I-131 (or reverse reasoning) Half-life of I-123 = few hours => more ideal for scanning / detecting (or reverse reasoning) (or any similar reference to half-life) & Any one from [1 mark] I-131 (emits beta =>) more ionizing / damaging to cancerous tissue I-123 (emits gamma only =>) less ionizing / less likely to damage cancerous tissue (or any similar reference to the beta emissions for I-131 & gamma only emissions of I-123)

P2 SQ MS

P2 SQ MS p. 6 & 7 4. (a) E = I V t => E = 40 250 34 formula & substitution [1 mark] E = 340 000 (J) answer [1 mark] (i) (ii) B [1 mark] W = F s => 340 000 = F 50 formula & substitution [1 mark] F = 340 000 / 50 = 6 800 (N) answer [1 mark] For F = 350 000 / 40 = 8750 (N) allocate only 1 mark For F = 350 000 / 30 = 11 667 (N) no marks GPE = m g h = 850 10 30 formula & substitution [1 mark] GPE = 255 000 (J) answer [ 1mark] KE = m v2 => 255 000 = 850 v2 formula & substitution [1 mark] 2 255000 v 24.5 (m/s) working out & answer [1 mark] 850 Any one from [1 mark] Total energy > GPE at Z Point Z lower than point X => at Z KE 0 (or any similar)

(b)

(c)

(i)

(ii)

(iii)

P2 SQ MS

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