rate

protons 17

rate neutrons
18

electrons 16

rate

rate

B time 17 C D 18 18

18 0 17 17

0 PERIODIC TRENDS WS 2 0 17 time time

17 18

time

1 12 Which species represented by the following formulae has the largest radius?
A P3 B Cl C Ar D K+

23

6 Use of the Data Booklet is relevant to this question. 13 Which of the following oxides is unlikely to dissolve in aqueous sodium hydroxide? 13 The chloride of element Q is hydrolysed by water to form an acidic solution and its oxide reacts In the gas phase, aluminium and a transition element require the same amount of energy to form with acid to form B salt. a MgO A mole 3 an ion with a 2+ charge. SO2 C D SiO2 one Al 2O of

What could be the element Q? What is the transition element? 14 An element of the third period (Na to S) is heated in chlorine. The product is purified and then A magnesium The resulting solution is found to be neutral. added to water. A Co B aluminium B Cr What is the element? C silicon C Cu A sodium D phosphorus 6 D Ni B aluminium 12 Why does the exothermic reaction C silicon 3 14 Which diagram represents the change in ionic radius of the elements across the third period H = 3 kJ mol1 (Na to Cl)? D phosphorus C(diamond) C(graphite)
not occur spontaneously? A B C D 15 Which equation represents the reaction that occurs when calcium nitrate is heated strongly? 9701/1/O/N/02 A A tetrahedral configuration is always more stable than a planar one.

A B B C C

Ca(NO3)2 has only strong covalent bonds whereas graphite has both covalent bonds and van Diamond Ca(NO2)2 + O2 der Waals forces. Ca(NO ) CaO + N O + 2O
3 2 2 2

The change CaO + 2NO to Ca(NO3)2 from diamond 2 graphite has a high activation energy. 2 D 2Ca(NO ) graphite is less + O that of diamond. The density of 2CaO + 4NO than D Na Na Na Cl Na 3 2 Cl 2 2 Cl

Cl

4 13 The sketch below shows the variation of first ionisation energy with proton number for six
elements of consecutive proton rocket booster of 1 space (H to Ar). 15 The propellant used in the solid numbers between a and 18shuttle is a mixture of aluminium and compound X. Compound X contains chlorine in an oxidation state of +7.

Which of the following could be compound X? A NH4Cl B NH4ClO3 C NH4ClO4 D N2H5Cl

ionisation 9701/1/M/J/02 energy , and NO 16 River water in a chalky agricultural area may contain Ca2+, Mg2+, CO2, HCO , Cl[Turn over 3 3 3 ions. In a waterworks, such water is treated by adding a calculated quantity of calcium hydroxide.

What will be precipitated following the addition of calcium hydroxide? X A B CaCl2 CaCO3 Mg(NO3)2 Mg B
proton number

C MgCO3 identity of the element X? What is the D A

Al C Si D P

14 The metals of Group II react readily with oxygen to form compounds of general formula MO. When Bilal Hameed each of these oxides is added to water, which forms the most alkaline solution?
1

sulphuric acid and sodium hydroxide fraction of fraction of Section A molecules molecules

For each question there are four C, Choose the one you 5 14 The species Ar, K+ and Ca2+ possible answers, A, B,the and D.number of electrons). consider to are isoelectronic (have same be correct.
speed speed

In what order do their radii increase? The petrol additive tetraethyl-lead(IV), Pb(C2H5)4, is now banned in many countries. When it is completely burned in air, lead(II) oxide, CO2 and H2O are formed. C D smallest largest How many moles of oxygen are required to burn one mole of Pb(C2H5)4? 2+ A Ar K+ fraction of Ca fraction of A 9.5 molecules B 11 C 13.5 moleculesD 27 B Ar K+ Ca2+ C Ca2+ K+ Ar Which ion has more electrons than protons and more protons than neutrons? speed speed + 2+ D K Ar Ca

2 [H = 1 H ; D = 1 H ; O = 16 O] 1 8 6 13 In which pair is the radius of the second atom greater than that of the first atom? A D B H3O+ C OD D OH A Na, Mg B Sr, Ca C P, N D Cl, Br

7 3

What is the electronic configuration of an element with a second ionisation energy higher than that of each of its neighbours in the Periodic Table? A B C D 1s22s22p63s2 1s22s22p63s23p1 1s22s22p63s23p2 1s22s22p63s23p3
3

2 UCLES 2006 Three 8 UCLES 2004successive elements in the Periodic Table have first ionisation energies which haveover 9701/01/M/J/06 [Turn the 9701/01/O/N/04 [Turn over

Which shown in the diagram. pattern compound has a boiling point which is influenced by hydrogen bonding? A B C CH3CHO CH3OCH3 HCO2H
x

x 6 first ionisation D HCO2CH3 11 In some fireworks there is a reaction between powdered aluminium and powdered barium nitrate energy in which heat is evolved and an unreactive gas is produced.

Which the equation deviate most from x What isgas is likely tofor this reaction? ideal gas behaviour? A HCl B He C A 2Al + Ba(NO3)2 Al2O3 + BaO + 2NO CH4 D N2

B 4Al + 4Ba(NO3)2 2Al2O3 + 4Ba(NO2)2 + O2 atomic number H o = 297 kJ mol 1 Given S(s) + O2(g) SO2(g), f C 10Al + 3Ba(NO3)2 5Al2O3 + 3BaO + 3No 2 and could be the 2 O2(g) SOof this sequence? 395 kJ mol 1 S(s) + 11 H f = 3(g) What first element D 10Al + 18Ba(NO3)2 10Al(NO3)3 + 18BaO + 3N2 what change H F A Cis the enthalpyB N of reaction, C o, of 2SO2(g) + O2(g) Na 2SO3(g)? D

A 196 kJ of particles 98 order 1 C +98 kJ mol 9 12 Which group mol 1 B is in kJ molof increasing size? 1
3

+196 kJ mol 1

Use of the Data Booklet is relevant to this question. A N O F The electronic structures of calcium, krypton, phosphorus and an element X are shown. O2 F B N3
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UCLES 2005

Which electronic structure is that of element X? C Na+ Mg2+ Al 3+ A D B 1s2+ 22p63s23p3 F Na 2s Ne 1s22s22p63s23p64s2
2

6 6 2 13 C 1swater in a2 chalky agricultural area may contain Ca2+, Mg2+, CO 3 , HCO 3 , Cl River 2 2 6 Bilal Hameed 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d 4s

and NO 3 2 ions. In a waterworks, such2 water is treated by adding a calculated quantity of calcium hydroxide. 2 2 6 2 6 10 6

Cl

Ar

1014 Use of the Data Booklet is relevant to this question.

The sketch graph shows the variation of one physical or chemical property with another for the Group II elements.

What are the correct labels for the axes? x-axis A B C D atomic number atomic number first ionisation energy first ionisation energy y-axis mass number melting point atomic number atomic radius 3 [Turn over

9701/01/O/N/07 11 UCLES 2007 the Data Booklet is relevant to this question. 3 Use of

The graph represents the variation of a property of the Group II elements.

property

Be What is this property? A B C D ionic radius ionisation energy neutron / proton ratio rate of reaction with water

Mg

Ca

Sr

Ba

The antidote molecule shown can help to prevent liver damage if someone takes too many paracetamol tablets.
x H S H C y H C H N represents a lone pair
3

Bilal Hameed

13

15

21

12 2

Use of the Data Booklet is relevant to this question. The elements radon (Rn), francium (Fr) and radium (Ra) have consecutive proton numbers in the Periodic Table. What is the order of their first ionisation energies? least endothermic most 5 endothermic

12 Camphor is a white solid which was used to make the early plastic celluloid. Camphor contains A Fr Ra Rn the same percentage by mass of hydrogen and oxygen. B Fr Rn Ra What is the molecular formula of camphor? C Ra Fr Rn B C10H8O C C10H16O D C10H10O2 A C10H6O6 D Rn Ra Fr

1313 Why is the first ionisation energy of phosphorus greater than the first ionisation energy of silicon?
3 Which gas closely approaches ideal behaviour at room temperature and pressure? A A phosphorus atom has one more proton in its nucleus. A ammonia B The atomic radius of a phosphorus atom is greater. B carbon dioxide C The outer electron in a phosphorus atom is more shielded. C helium D The outer electron in a phosphorus atom is paired. D oxygen

14 When magnesium nitrate, Mg(NO3)2.7H2O, is heated, which three gases are given off? A B C D dinitrogen oxide, oxygen, water vapour hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen hydrogen, nitrogen dioxide, oxygen nitrogen dioxide, oxygen, water vapour

15 Ammonium sulfate in nitrogenous fertilisers in the soil can be slowly oxidised by air producing sulfuric acid, nitric acid and water. How many moles of oxygen gas are needed to oxidise completely one mole of ammonium sulfate? A 1 B 2 C 3 D 4
UCLES 2010 9701/11/M/J/10

16 Chile saltpetre, NaNO3, contains sodium iodide as an impurity. Aqueous silver nitrate is added to an aqueous solution of Chile saltpetre. Concentrated aqueous ammonia is then added. Which observations are made? with acidified silver nitrate A B C D Bilal Hameed no precipitate no precipitate precipitate forms precipitate forms with concentrated aqueous ammonia no further reaction precipitate forms precipitate dissolves precipitate remains
4

32 Ammonia is produced commercially by the Haber process in which nitrogen and hydrogen react 14 as shown. Section B 2NH3(g) ; H = 92 kJ mol1 N2(g) + 3H2(g) For each of the questions in this section, one or more of the three numbered statements 1 to 3 may Which statements are true of the commercial process? be correct. 1 A whether each 1000 ostatements Decidetemperature of of the C is used. is or is not correct (you may find it helpful to put a tick against the statements that you consider is used. 2 A pressure of 100 - 200 atm to be correct).
The The yield of ammonia is lessselected %. the basis of 3 responses A to D should be than 20 on A B C 33 What factors can affect the value of the activation energy of a reaction? 1, 2 and 3 1 and 2 2 and 3 1 the presence of a catalyst are only are only are correct correct correct 2 changes in temperature D 1 only is correct

3 changes in concentration of the reactants No other combination of statements is used as a correct response.

1434 The first ionisation energies of successive elements in the Periodic Table are represented in the
31 The diagram illustrates the energy changes of a set of reactions. graph.

2500
R

H = _134 kJ mol

2000
1

1500

H = +92 J mol

first ionisation _ energy / kJ mol 1

1000
T H = _75 kJ mol
_ 1

500 Which of the following statements are correct?

1 2 3 The enthalpy change for the transformation U R is + 42 kJ mol1 .

0 The enthalpy change for the transformation T S is endothermic. A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S The enthalpy change for the transformation R T is 33 kJ mol1 . element

Which of these statements about this graph are correct? 1 2 3 Elements B, J and R are in Group 0 of the Periodic Table. Atoms of elements D and L contain 2 electrons in their outer shells. Atoms of elements G and O contain half-filled p orbitals.

UCLES 2004

9701/01/O/N/04

[Turn over

UCLES 2004

9701/01/O/N/04

Bilal Hameed