CH 3

Diodes
Dr. Fadi R. Shahroury
Diode Circuits
6/21/2010
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3.1.1 Current-Voltage Characteristic
In an ideal diode, if the voltage across it tends to exceed zero, current flows. It is analogous to a water pipe that allows water to flow in only one direction.
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3.1.2 A Simple Application: The Rectifier
A rectifier is a device that passes positive-half cycle of a sinusoid and blocks the negative half-cycle or vice versa. When Vin is greater than 0, diode shorts, so Vout = Vin; however, when Vin is less than 0, diode opens, no current flows thru R1, Vout = IR1R1 = 0.
The Rectifier
The diode behaves as a short circuit during the positive half cycle (voltage across it tends to exceed zero), and an open circuit during the negative half cycle (voltage across it is less than zero).
Table 3.1 Modeling the Diode Forward Characteristic
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3.1 Ideal Model
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3.1 Ideal Model

Ex.1 Plot the input output characteristic of the circuit shown below using the ideal model
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3.3.6 The Constant-Voltage-Drop Model
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3.3.6 The Constant-Voltage-Drop Model

Ex.2 Plot the input output characteristic of the circuit shown below using the constant-voltage-drop model
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Diode Circuits Example

Ex.3 Plot the input output characteristic of the circuit shown below using the a) ideal model b)constant-voltage-drop model
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Ex 3.2 Assuming the diodes to be ideal, find the value of I and V in the circuits of Fig. 3.6
Figure 3.6 Circuits for Example 3.2.
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3.2 Terminal Characteristics of Junction Diodes
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3.2 Terminal Characteristics of Junction Diodes
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3.3.1 The Exponential Model
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Determine the current ID and the diode voltage VD for the circuit in the Figure below with VDD=5V and R=1KW. Assume that the diode has a current of 1mA at a voltage of 0.7V and that its voltage drop changes by 0.1V for every decade change in current.
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3.3.5 The Piecewise-Linear Model
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3.3.5 The Piecewise-Linear Model

VDo=0.65V, rD=20 W
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Exercises 3.12
Design the circuit shown in the figure below to provide voltage of 2.4 V. Assume that the diodes available have 0.7-V drop at 1mA and that DV=0.1 V/decade change in current.
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3.3.8 The Small-Signal Model
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3.3.8 The Small-Signal Model

Ex.6 R=10 KW Diode (0.7 drop at 1mA current and n=2) Power Supply voltage (10V with power-supply ripple of 1V)
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3.3.9 Use of the Diode Forward Drop in Voltage Regulator

Ex.7 R=10 KW Diode (0.7 drop at 1mA current and n=2) Power Supply voltage (10V with powersupply ripple of 1V) Calculate the percentage change in the regulated voltage caused by a) Power-supply ripple b) Connection of a 1KW load resistance
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3.4 Operation in The Reverse Breakdown Region-Zener Diodes
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Model for the zener diode.
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Ex.7
The 6.8 zener diode in the circuit of Fig 3.23 is specified to have Vz=6.8V at Iz=5mA, rz=20W and Izk=0.2mA. The supply voltage V+ is nominally 10V but vary by 1V a) Find Vo with no load and with V+ at its nominal value b) Find the change in Vo resulting from 1V change in V+ (line regulation) c) Find the change in Vo resulting from connecting a load resistance RL that draws a current IL=1mA, and hence find the load regulation d) Find the change in Vo when RL=2KW e) Find the change in Vo when RL=2KW f) What is the minimum value of RL for which the diode still operates in the breakdown region?
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Fig 3.23
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3.5 Rectifier Circuits
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3.5.4 The Rectifier with a Filter Capacitor-The Peak Rectifier
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For large C1, Vout has small ripple.

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t Vout (t ) (V p VD ,on ) exp RL C1
0 t Tin
V p VD ,on t t Vout (t ) (V p VD ,on )(1 ) (V p VD ,on ) RL C1 RL C1 V p VD ,on Tin V p VD ,on VR RL C1 RL C1 f in
The ripple amplitude is the decaying part of the exponential. Ripple voltage becomes a problem if it goes above 5 to 10% of the output voltage.
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3.5.1 The Half-Wave Rectifier
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3.5.2 The Full-Wave Rectifier
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3.5.2 The Full-Wave Rectifier
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3.6.1 Limiter Circuits
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3.6.2 The Clamped Capacitor or DC restorer
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3.6.2 The Clamped Capacitor or DC restorer
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3.6.3 The Voltage Doubler
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CH 3

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CH 3

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Diodes

Dr. Fadi R. Shahroury

3.1.1 Current-Voltage Characteristic

3.1.2 A Simple Application: The Rectifier

Table 3.1 Modeling the Diode Forward Characteristic

3.1 Ideal Model

3.1 Ideal Model

3.3.6 The Constant-Voltage-Drop Model

3.3.6 The Constant-Voltage-Drop Model

Diode Circuits Example

Diode Circuits Example

Diode Circuits Example

Diode Circuits Example

Diode Circuits Example

Figure 3.6 Circuits for Example 3.2.

3.2 Terminal Characteristics of Junction Diodes

3.2 Terminal Characteristics of Junction Diodes

3.3.1 The Exponential Model

3.3.1 The Exponential Model

3.3.1 The Exponential Model

3.3.5 The Piecewise-Linear Model

3.3.5 The Piecewise-Linear Model

3.3.8 The Small-Signal Model

3.3.8 The Small-Signal Model

3.3.9 Use of the Diode Forward Drop in Voltage Regulator

3.4 Operation in The Reverse Breakdown Region-Zener Diodes

3.4 Operation in The Reverse Breakdown Region-Zener Diodes

Model for the zener diode.

3.4 Operation in The Reverse Breakdown Region-Zener Diodes

3.5 Rectifier Circuits

3.5.4 The Rectifier with a Filter Capacitor-The Peak Rectifier

3.5.4 The Rectifier with a Filter Capacitor-The Peak Rectifier

For large C1, Vout has small ripple.

3.5.4 The Rectifier with a Filter Capacitor-The Peak Rectifier

3.5.4 The Rectifier with a Filter Capacitor-The Peak Rectifier

V p VD ,on t t Vout (t ) (V p VD ,on )(1 ) (V p VD ,on ) RL C1 RL C1 V p VD ,on Tin V p VD ,on VR RL C1 RL C1 f in

3.5.4 The Rectifier with a Filter Capacitor-The Peak Rectifier

3.5.1 The Half-Wave Rectifier

3.5.2 The Full-Wave Rectifier

3.5.2 The Full-Wave Rectifier

3.6.1 Limiter Circuits

3.6.2 The Clamped Capacitor or DC restorer

3.6.2 The Clamped Capacitor or DC restorer

3.6.3 The Voltage Doubler

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