Assignment 1(Spring 2012)

(Solution)
Circuit Theory (Phy301) Marks: 20 Due Date: 13th April, 2012 Q 1: Find the equivalent resistance of given circuit. Write each step of the calculation to get maximum marks. Draw the circuit diagram of each step otherwise you will lose your marks.

Sol: Starting from right side we see that there is a short circuit (Direct wire without any resistance) current will not pass through 12 resistance but follow easy path (short circuit path), so ignoring the effect of this resistance circuit can be redrawn as

5 and 3 are in series So R = 5 + 3 =8 Circuit adopts the shape as

4 and 4 are also in series So R = 4 + 4 =8

At upper side 8 is parallel with 8 so 8||8 = (8 x 8)/(8+8) = 64/16 = 4

6 is parallel with 6 so 6||6 = (6 x6)/6+6) = 36/12 = 3

4 and 3 are in series So R = 4 + 3 =7

Now7 is parallel with 10 so 10||7 = (10 x 7)/(10+7) = 70/17 = 4.12 So the equivalent resistance of the circuit Requ is Requ=4.12

Q 2: Find power dissipated through energy saver having resistance 12, in given network.

Sol; Since 3 and 2 are in parallel so their equivalent resistance is 2x3/2+3=1.2

We see that 8A and 1.2 are in series so same current will pass through 1.2 resistance; however 8A current is divided to 4 and energy saver of 12 resistance. For understanding and simplification the above circuit can be redrawn as

Since we have to find power dissipation in 12 energy saver, that can be calculated by formula P=I2R So first we find current flowing through 12 resistance by current divider rule as
R

1 x (I ) R T Here R1 4 I1 R 2 12 I 8A Putting above x 8 2 A 16 So power P 2 2 I R 2 12 48watt 4

Q 3: Answer the following questions. I. Why Copper wire is frequently used for conducting current? Ans: Atomic No. of Copper atom is 29, only 1 electron is available in outer N shell, when many such copper atom come close to each other, these unstable outer shell electrons are easily migrated from one atom to other randomly, called free electrons So due to easily availability of free electrons in copper, it is more preferred for conductivity. More free electrons cause more/easy conductivity. Moreover it bend easily, is ductile (is easily bent repeatedly without breaking). As the silver is not economical so the copper is widely and frequently used for conducting current.

II. What causes positive and negative charge? Ans: Deficiency/removing of electrons in an atom cause positive charge on that atom and excess of electrons in any atom cause ve charge. III. When two uncharged particles come close to each other, will they repel or attract each other? Ans: When two uncharged particles come close to each other, they do not repel or attract each other. Attraction or repletion occurs in charged particles.